Digital Image Acquisition and Display
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental principles and technologies underlying digital image acquisition and display. Students will learn about imaging sensors, camera systems, and the physical processes involved in capturing digital images. The course covers various methods for digitizing and processing visual information, as well as the standards and formats used for image storage and transmission. Additionally, it examines display technologies such as LCD, OLED, and projection systems, discussing how digital images are rendered and visualized on different platforms. Through lectures and practical assignments, students gain comprehensive knowledge of the end-to-end pipeline from image capture to visualization, preparing them for advanced study or careers in digital imaging applications.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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10 Chapters
500 Verified Questions
500 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ____, as used in this book, refers to projection radiography, whereby computers process data collected from patients using special electronic detectors that have replaced the X-ray film cassette.
A) filmless imaging
B) digital radiography
C) film-screen radiography
D) digital mammography
Answer: B
Q2) A high-end computer is the heart of the PACS system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) While DICOM is concerned primarily with images from the digital image acquisition modalities, HL-7 is concerned mainly with textual information from the ____ and ____.
A) HIS; RIS
B) CCD; HIS
C) PACS; RIS
D) CCD; PACS
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is intended to reduce noise and the displayed brightness levels of pixels?
A) smoothing
B) convolution
C) filtering
D) masking
Answer: A
Q2) ____ involves averaging a set of images to reduce image noise.
A) Local processing
B) Windowing
C) Temporal averaging
D) Gray-scale processing
Answer: C
Q3) One popular ____________________ operation is to use the FT in filtering images in the frequency domain rather than in the spatial location domain.
Answer: global
Q4) It is important that technologists and radiologists alike become well versed in the nature, scope, and principles of ____________________.
Answer: digital image processing
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some IPs have a(n)____________________ for easy identification.
Answer: barcode
Q2) Which of the following CR systems incorporates a single fixed IP encased in a special housing that forms a stationary part of the unit?
A) cassette-based
B) photodetector
C) cassette-less
D) film-screen
Answer: C
Q3) The fundamental problem with high exposures is that of increased ____________________ dose to the patient.
Answer: radiation
Q4) Which of the following refers to X-ray exposure of the phosphor plate storage, or imaging plate (IP)?
A) image acquisition
B) image plate scanning
C) image processing
D) image display
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the image is overexposed by more than 2X to 3X, a portion of the image may be saturated.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The exposure latitude of a digital detector is substantially lower than screen-film.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Because of the increased sensitivity to scattered radiation, the kVp should not exceed ____ for any nongrid radiography, including chest.
A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80
Q4) Because of their wide dynamic range, PSP plates are much more susceptible to ____________________ than are conventional film-screen systems.
Q5) Overexposure implies dark images and underexposure implies light images.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flat-panel digital detectors are complex devices and pose numerous challenges in the ____________________ process.
Q2) Since there are different sizes of body parts to be imaged, different sizes of ____________________ are commercially available for clinical imaging.
Q3) Optimization of the image displayed on monitors for viewing by both technologists and radiologists requires a good working knowledge of not only image processing but also display ____________________ principles and technology.
Q4) A higher MTF value at ____________________ spatial frequencies means that the detector provides better contrast resolution.
Q5) All digital imaging systems have what is referred to as the limiting resolution, which is the spatial frequency limit that is obtained at an MTF value of 0.1. A)True
B)False
Q6) One important physical concept that is essential to understanding the rationale for the use of specific X-ray ____________________ and a-Se in digital detectors is that of X-ray attenuation or absorption.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In some systems, it is possible to adjust the pixel size by ____________________ four pixels into one larger pixel.
Q2) The output screen is coated with a ZnCdS phosphor that converts the photoelectrons into light.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following changes the contrast and brightness of an image display?
A) digital fluoroscopy imaging
B) temporal frame averaging
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) grayscale-image manipulation
Q4) In the case of ____________________ scanning, 262.5 odd lines (one TV field)are first scanned, followed by 262.5 even lines (one TV field).
Q5) The ____________________ is a high-frequency generator and can provide the high mA values used in digital fluoroscopy, as opposed to the low mA values typical of conventional fluoroscopy.
Q6) A digital image is made up of a matrix of pixels in which each pixel is assigned a number and each number corresponds to a(n)____________________.
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digital mammography (DM)is radiography of the breast using a digital detector coupled to a computer that makes use of digital image processing techniques to enhance the visibility of detail and contrast of the image.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which detector consists of three major components: a scintillator, photodiodes, a thin film transistor (TFT)array, and a glass support?
A) charge-coupled
B) flat-panel a-Se
C) flat-panel a-Si
D) scintillator
Q3) There are three major technical components of a CAD system: image processing, ____________________ of image features, and data processing.
Q4) The computer uses image-processing algorithms for enhancement and ____________________ of lesions.
Q5) Digital mammography can be used in visualizing ____________________ by using an iodinated contrast medium.
Q6) The ____________________ is central to a DM imaging system.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the ____, a system integrator provides all PACS-related service to a client, which can be the entire hospital or practice group.No IT requirements are required by the client.
A) partnership model
B) application service provider model
C) home-grown model
D) turnkey model
Q2) Current ____________________ technologies for PACS include solid-state memory, magnetic data carriers (disk and tapes), and optical disks.
Q3) PACS workstations and their use is that of workstation ____________________.
Q4) What is the data transfer rate of the network called?
A) LAN
B) links
C) node
D) bandwidth
Q5) In the early days of PACS development, FDA approval was not required since PACS was considered accessory equipment to image acquisition modalities.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) Data transmission requires some sort of ____________________ to do the task.
Q2) ____________________ threats fall into three categories: social engineering attacks, hardware attacks, and software attacks.
Q3) ____________________ informatics core concepts include the basic concepts of informatics relating to models, data, information, and systems theory, which are essential in order to understand information and communication systems.
Q4) The term ____________________ is a relatively new term and was derived from the term information.
Q5) The early interfaces in imaging informatics were known as point-to-point interfaces because they allowed two systems to ____________________ with each other.
Q6) Once the ____ certification is completed, an individual can ladder into either the CPIA or the CPSA certification.
A) CIIP
B) CPAS
C) CPSM
D) CHP
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11
Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ is reduced by the range of radiation levels that are produced by the range of tissue densities and thicknesses of the anatomy included in the radiographic projection.
A) Latitude
B) Range-of-adjustment
C) Exposure factor creep
D) Exposure latitude
Q2) ____________________ in DR causes an increase in quantum mottle and a loss of contrast in dense features.
Q3) ____ is used by imaging scientists and engineers to mean the ratio between the highest detectable radiation level and the lowest detectable radiation level for an image receptor.
A) Latitude
B) Range-of-adjustment
C) Exposure latitude
D) Exposure factor creep
Q4) The value of the DR exposure indicator is usually visible at the QC
Q5) At extremely high contrast, any DR image will appear ____________________.
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