Digital and Analog Electronics
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and applications of both digital and analog electronics. Students will explore the behavior and design of fundamental electronic components, including resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors, as well as analyze the operation of analog circuits such as amplifiers and oscillators. The digital electronics component covers number systems, logic gates, combinational and sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters, and memory devices. Emphasis is placed on understanding circuit design, analysis techniques, and practical implementation, preparing students for more advanced studies and hands-on projects in electronic systems.
Recommended Textbook
Electronic Principles 8th Edition by Albert Paul Malvino Dr
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common circuit troubles are
A) faulty power supplies.
B) improper design.
C) broken switches.
D) open and shorts.
Answer: D
Q2) Norton current is sometimes called the open-circuit current.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) When you reduce a current source to zero
A) you are effectively replacing it by a short.
B) you are effectively replacing it by an open.
C) you are effectively replacing it by a low-value resistor.
D) you are effectively replacing it by a fuse.
Answer: B
Q4) For higher approximations,a computer and a program like MultiSim should be used.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Semoconductors
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Q1) In a semiconductor,thermal energy produces free electrons that go to the next higher-energy band called the
A) radiation band.
B) conduction band.
C) electron band.
D) valence band.
Answer: B
Q2) What type of atoms are added to molten silicon in order to increase the number of free electrons?
A) pentavalent
B) trivalent
C) covalent
D) positive
Answer: A
Q3) Copper is a good conductor.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Diode Theory Key
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Q1) What is the manufacturer's data sheet entry that lists the maximum current a diode recti er can handle in the forward direction?
A) reverse breakdown
B) maximum power dissipation
C) maximum forward current
D) maximum reverse current
Answer: C
Q2) The maximum forward current is one of the maximum ratings given on a data sheet.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) An ideal diode acts like a switch that closes when
A) the bias voltage is zero.
B) reversed-biased.
C) forward-biased.
D) taken out of the circuit.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Diode Circuits
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Q1) What is the small ac load voltage that can be measured (with an oscilloscope)at the output of a choke-input filter?
A) peak
B) ripple
C) surge
D) harmonic
Q2) A circuit that removes all the positive parts of the input signal is a
A) positive clipper.
B) positive clamper.
C) negative clipper.
D) positive voltage doubler.
Q3) The voltage that must be less than the breakdown voltage of the diode as to prevent damage to the diode is the
A) peak inverse voltage.
B) maximum diode voltage.
C) reverse surge voltage.
D) maximum peak voltage.
Q4) With a half-wave rectifier,the output frequency equals the input frequency.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Special-Purpose Diodes Key
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Q1) Zener diodes are available with power ratings that range from
A) ½ to more than 100 W.
B) ¼ to more than 50 W.
C) 1 to more than 10 W.
D) 1 to more than 100 W.
Q2) The zener diode data sheet rating,maximum current is the highest amount of current a zener diode can handle without exceeding its power rating.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The manufacturer's data sheet entry that lists how much the power rating of a device must be reduced is the
A) maximum power dissipation.
B) reverse breakdown voltage.
C) power production factor.
D) derating factor.
Q4) The positive resistance of tunnel diodes is useful in oscillator circuits.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: BJT Fumdamentals
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Q1) Surface-mount transistors are generally found in a simple three-terminal,gull-wing package.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The middle region of a transistor is the ________.
A) collector
B) emitter
C) base
D) beta
Q3) A bipolar junction transistor has two doped regions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Generally,power transistors can dissipate
A) less than 1 W.
B) more than 1 W.
C) more than 100 W.
D) less than 1 mW.
Q5) An unbiased transistor is like two back-to-back diodes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: BJT Biasing
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Q1) Voltage-divider bias produces a fixed value of emitter current that results in a stable operating point that is
A) always located at cutoff.
B) always located at saturation.
C) dependent on the current gain.
D) independent of the current gain.
Q2) Some electronic equipment has a power supply that produces both positive and negative supply voltages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Collector-feedback bias is more effective than emitter-feedback bias and is used in practice because of its
A) ability to change current gain.
B) low cost.
C) simplicity.
D) small size.
Q4) Emitter-feedback bias is also called self-bias.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Basic BJT Amplifiers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ac equivalent circuit model called the Ebers-Moll looks like a P on its side and is sometimes called a P model.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What makes the p model,an equivalent transistor circuit model,easier to use than other models?
A) it shows input impedance
B) it uses Ohm's Law
C) it uses calculus
D) it shows output impedance
Q3) The common-emitter amplifier can be recognized by noting that the emitter is at dc ground.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One way to reduce distortion in a transistor amplifier is to keep the base ac input voltage small.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Multistage,CC,and CB Amplifiers
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Q1) In a common-collector amplifier,the emitter is always connected to ground.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The common-base amplifier is also called a grounded-base amplifier.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Used with a zener diode,an emitter follower can produce regulated output voltages with much larger currents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An emitter follower can act as a buffer between the high output impedance of a common-emitter amplifier and a low resistance load.
A)True
B)False
Q5) It is very difficult to get a small output impedance with a common-collector amplifier.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 10: Power Amplifiers
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Q1) Class A operation of an amplifier means that the collector flows for only half the cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Class B and AB amplifiers require a stable operating point near cut-off.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An amplifier whose ac load is a high-Q resonant tank is
A) an audio amplifier.
B) a wideband amplifier.
C) a dc amplifier.
D) a tuned RF amplifier.
Q4) In a well-designed large-signal amplifier,we get a maximum peak-to-peak unclipped output which is referred to as
A) ac output compliance.
B) dc output compliance.
C) peak compliance.
D) complementary compliance.
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Chapter 11: JFETS
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Q1) The supply voltage (V<sub>DD</sub> )for a JFET forces free electrons to flow from the drain to the source.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The current drain to source with a shorted gate (I<sub>DSS</sub> )is the maximum drain current a JFET can produce.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A stage that isolates the preceding stage from the following stage is called a A) chopper amplifier.
B) driver amplifier.
C) buffer amplifier.
D) preamplifier.
Q4) A JFET common-source amplifier produces a noninverted output that is coupled from the drain.
A)True B)False
Q5) The source and drain terminals are interchangeable at high frequencies. A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: Mosfets
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most effective method of testing a MOSFET device is by using A) a DMM.
B) an ohmmeter.
C) a curve tracer.
D) an oscilloscope.
Q2) Which transistor devices are inherently temperature-stable and cannot go into thermal runaway?
A) BJTs
B) small-signal MOSFETs
C) low-power JFETs
D) power FETs
Q3) In a MOSFET,the gate is metalliC.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A circuit that converts an input direct current voltage to an output dc voltage that is either higher or lower is called
A) an inverter.
B) a multiplexer.
C) a dc-to-ac converter.
D) a dc-to-dc converter.
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Chapter 13: Thyristors
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Q1) The diac is non-conducting until the
A) voltage across it exceeds the breakover voltage in either direction.
B) voltage across it goes below the breakover voltage.
C) gate triggers it on.
D) snubber turns it on.
Q2) Commercial triacs have anode currents that extend as high as ________.
A) 100 mA
B) 500 mA
C) 1 A
D) 15 A
Q3) The SCR is turned on by
A) gate voltage.
B) increasing anode voltage.
C) reducing anode voltage.
D) forced commutation.
Q4) A gate voltage can turn a power FET on and off.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Frequency Effects
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Q1) When decibels are used to indicate the voltage level above 1 V,what is the accepted label used?
A) dBV
B) dBm
C) VdB
D) mWdB
Q2) What produces a lag in the output voltage of an RC bypass circuit?
A) charging of a capacitor
B) discharging of a capacitor
C) charging and discharging of a capacitor
D) value of the supply voltage
Q3) The frequencies at which the voltage gain equals 0.707 of its maximum value are called the half-power frequencies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Each time the voltage gain decreases by a factor of 2,the decibel voltage gain
A) increases by 6 dB.
B) decreases by 6 dB.
C) increases by 10 dB.
D) decreases by 10 dB.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Differential Amplifiers
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Q1) When a diff amp is amplifying the wanted signal and discriminating against the common-mode signal the CMRR is
A) high.
B) low.
C) less than 1.
D) equal to the common-mode voltage gain divided by the voltage gain.
Q2) What are typically used as current sources and active loads in the design of IC op amps?
A) current limiters
B) zener regulators
C) current mirrors
D) current amps
Q3) The input offset current is defined as the difference of the dc base currents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The input impedance of a diff amp is half as high as a single common-emitter amplifier.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Operational Amplifiers
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Q1) Op amp voltage gain and bandwidth can be adjusted to exact requirements by connecting
A) two external resistors.
B) an external compensating capacitor.
C) two external capacitors.
D) two power supplies.
Q2) The highest frequency that can be amplified without slew-rate distortion is sometimes called
A) resonant frequency.
B) half-power point.
C) power bandwidth.
D) cutoff frequency.
Q3) The block diagram stages of an op amp does not include A) a diff amp.
B) voltage regulator.
C) amplifiers.
D) emitter follower.
Q4) All op amps are internally compensated in order to prevent oscillations.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Negative Feedback
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Q1) With a voltage-controlled current source,an input
A) voltage controls an output current.
B) current controls an output voltage.
C) voltage controls an output voltage.
D) current controls an output current.
Q2) Harmonic distortion can be measured with a
A) signature analyzer.
B) frequency generator.
C) frequency counter.
D) distortion analyzer.
Q3) For an undistorted output over the entire closed-loop bandwidth,the closed-loop cutoff frequency must be
A) less than the power bandwidth.
B) more than the power bandwidth.
C) equal to the power bandwidth.
D) above 20 kHz.
Q4) A current-controlled voltage source is sometimes called a transresistance amplifier.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Linear OP AMP Circuits
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Q1) The output impedance of an emitter follower can be reduced by using A) a large load resistor.
B) negative feedback.
C) positive feedback.
D) a large input resistor.
Q2) A device that converts a nonelectrical quantity into an electrical quantity is A) a transformer.
B) an input transducer.
C) an output transducer.
D) a converter.
Q3) One of the most important characteristics of a differential amplifier is its CMRR. A)True
B)False
Q4) Advantages of a noninverting op amp circuit include stable voltage gain,high input impedance,and low output impedance.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Active Filters Key
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Q1) Which filter has high sensitivity but low complexity of design and operation?
A) TT
B) KHN
C) MFB
D) State-variable
Q2) A filter passes one band of frequencies while rejecting another.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cascading first and second order filters will not result in higher-order filters.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The bandwidth of a bandpass filter is the sum of its upper and lower 3-dB cutoff frequencies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A low-pass filter passes all frequencies from zero to the cutoff frequency and blocks all frequencies above the cutoff frequency.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuit Applications Key
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Q1) What type waveform does a Schmitt trigger produce?
A) sine
B) square
C) rectangular
D) triangular
Q2) Oscillators are built with negative feedback.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A Schmitt trigger always produces a rectangular output.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the output waveform of a zero-crossing detector when the input signal is any periodic signal that crosses zero threshold?
A) sine wave
B) rectangular
C) sawtooth
D) Lissajous
Q5) The trip point of a comparator is located in the center of the linear region.
A)True
B)False
22
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Chapter 21: Oscillators Key
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Q1) A standard oscillator circuit used for low to moderate frequencies in the range of 5 Hz to 1 MHz and the one almost always used in commercial audio generators is the
A) Hartley
B) Armstrong
C) Wien-bridge
D) phase-shift
Q2) A Hartley oscillator uses a tapped resistor to provide the feedback signal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A phase-shift oscillator will oscillate if three lead circuits produce a total phase shift of ________.
A) 90°
B) 180°
C) 270°
D) 360°
Q4) RC oscillators can produce almost perfect sine waves at frequencies above 1 MHz.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Regulated Power Supplies Key
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Q1) To avoid excessive power dissipation in a regulator's series pass transistor under shorted-load conditions,a designer can add
A) short-circuit protection.
B) crow-bar protection.
C) foldback current limiting.
D) low-power transistors.
Q2) Load regulation indicates how much the line voltage changes when the load changes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most basic topology for switching regulators and one that always steps the voltage down is the
A) buck regulator.
B) boost regulator.
C) shunt regulator.
D) series regulator.
Q4) An advantage of shunt regulators is that they have built-in short-circuit protection.
A)True
B)False
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