Diagnostic Imaging Technology
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Course Introduction
Diagnostic Imaging Technology explores the principles, techniques, and applications of modern imaging modalities used in medical diagnosis and treatment planning. The course covers foundational concepts in radiographic imaging, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine, emphasizing image acquisition, processing, and interpretation. Students will learn about the underlying physics of each modality, safety protocols, quality assurance, and advancements in digital imaging. Practical case studies and real-world scenarios are incorporated to enhance problem-solving skills and prepare students for clinical environments, fostering a comprehensive understanding of diagnostic imagings critical role in patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Other than retrospective analysis, why do vast amount of images generated for the wide range of digital radiology examinations need to be stored?
A) medico-legal purposes
B) training purposes
C) billing purposes
D) reference purposes
Answer: A
Q2) A major drawback of CR systems is their limited ability to image detail, also known as ____________________.
Answer: spatial resolution
Q3) The purpose of image compression is to increase storage space and decrease the image transmission time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) While radiography produces static images, fluoroscopy produces dynamic images acquired in real time to allow for the study of motion of organ systems and
Answer: hollow internal structures
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Q1) A digital image is made up of a 2D array of numbers called a(n)____________________.
Answer: matrix
Q2) One popular ____________________ operation is to use the FT in filtering images in the frequency domain rather than in the spatial location domain.
Answer: global
Q3) A(n)____________________ is a graph of the number of pixels in the entire image or part of the image having the same gray levels (density values)plotted as a function of the gray levels.
Answer: histogram
Q4) The greater the ____________________, the more accurately the signals from the detectors can be digitized for a faithful reproduction of the original signal.
Answer: bits
Q5) The inverse ____________________, denoted by FT -1, is used to transform an image in the frequency domain back to the spatial location domain for viewing by radiologists and technologists.
Answer: Fourier Transform
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4
Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____ descriptor takes into consideration not only the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)but also the system noise, and therefore includes a measure of the amount of noise added.
A) PS
B) SID
C) EI
D) DQE
Answer: D
Q2) X-ray exposure of the IP causes it to fluoresce (emit light when it is exposed to X-rays)for an extended duration.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) To render the latent image visible, the PSP must be scanned by a laser beam of a specific wavelength.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Some IPs have a(n)____________________ for easy identification. Answer: barcode
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) The exposure latitude of a digital detector is substantially lower than screen-film.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The optimal alignment is field-centered to the ____________________ with four collimation margins parallel to the cassette edges.
Q3) The optimal alignment for all digital detectors is to have the part and beam centered to the receptor, with four collimation margins perpendicular to the cassette edges.
A)True
B)False
Q4) With cassette-based PSP systems (CR), ____________________ resolution becomes a bit more complicated.
Q5) Which of the following is expressed as pixels/mm, also referred to as pixel density?
A) speed screen
B) digital detector
C) spatial resolution
D) sampling frequency
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Q1) The flat-panel TFT digital detector uses complex and sophisticated electronic circuitry to read out the electrical charges produced and stored in the matrix array.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An important imaging performance characteristic of a flat-panel detector that has an impact on clinical practice is image lag.
A)True
B)False
Q3) At ____ kV, efficiencies are 37% for a-Se and 52% for CsI.
A) 100
B) 110
C) 120
D) 130
Q4) Optimization of the image displayed on monitors for viewing by both technologists and radiologists requires a good working knowledge of not only image processing but also display ____________________ principles and technology.
Q5) The ____________________ technology was developed as a dedicated system specifically for imaging the chest.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) The purpose of ____________________ frame averaging is to reduce the noise present in an image by continuously displaying an image that is created by averaging the current frame with one or more previous frames of digital fluoroscopic image data.
Q2) Recently, 43 cm x 43 cm dynamic FPD has become available for digital fluoroscopy; however, it is still not available for digital radiography.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A pre-contrast image, referred to as a(n)____________________ image, is first obtained and post-contrast images are then digitally subtracted from the mask image.
Q4) Which of the following changes the contrast and brightness of an image display?
A) digital fluoroscopy imaging
B) temporal frame averaging
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) grayscale-image manipulation
Q5) At the heart of a digital fluoroscopy imaging system is a(n)____________________ computer, a minicomputer system capable of receiving dynamic digital data from the ADC and processing it quickly for image display and subsequent storage.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) In order to compare the clinical usefulness of a new technique with existing techniques, it is essential to conduct ____________________.
Q2) ____________________ finds unique features that can be readily distinguished reliably between a lesion and other normal anatomical structures.
Q3) Film is processed using a chemical processor to render the latent image ____________________.
Q4) Image processing is designed to optimize the quality of the output, but it should be remembered that sub-optimal image processing and display has the potential to result in image degradation and ____________________.
Q5) ____ uses the principles of conventional tomography to produce tomographic images that are intended to enhance the conspicuity of lesions by blurring out structures above and below the layer of interest.
A) Digital tomosynthesis
B) CAD systems
C) Quantitation
D) Discriminant analysis
Q6) The scintillator is made up of cesium iodide (CsI)activated by
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) A(n)____ is the element that reduces the size of the image file, and is therefore a very important variable in studies examining the effects of image compression on image quality.
A) image ratio
B) image display
C) compressed image
D) compression ratio
Q2) To address this need, radiology departments have created a new job title, the PACS
Q3) A CR examination consisting of two images with an image size of 2048 x 2048 x 12 will result in ____ MB of data.
A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18
Q4) To be a part of a PACS, image ____________________ modalities must be digital in nature.
Q5) Compression can be either ____________________ compression, or reversible compression, where no information is lost in the process.
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) ____________________ threats fall into three categories: social engineering attacks, hardware attacks, and software attacks.
Q2) The increasing growth and utilization of PACS in imaging have provided the need for individuals actively working in a PACS environment to become
Q3) ____ serves to connect systems so that they can exchange data.
A) Integration
B) Interfacing
C) Security
D) Recording
Q4) Digital imaging technologists are beginning to play an important role in image post-processing, imaging research, and publishing ventures.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________________ technology deals with the use of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances.
Q6) The notion of the radiologist as ____________________ was identified as early as 2000 with the evolution and rapid growth of digital imaging technologies.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) When an exam is scheduled for a particular imaging resource, the RIS makes a list of patients available to the DR ____________________ station.
Q2) Human errors tend to be systematic and predictable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Acquiring a ____ image according to the specific conditions of the manufacturer makes it possible to verify uniformity, absence of receptor defects, gain, and the value of the DR exposure indicator.
A) flat-field
B) ghost
C) process map
D) digital
Q4) The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)standard specifies the format and content of the ____________________ file.
Q5) For cassette-based systems, the duration of erasure could be too short or the intensity of the erasure could be too low, perhaps from burned out erasure
Q6) At extremely high contrast, any DR image will appear ____________________.
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