Deviant Behavior Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the concept of deviance in society, examining behaviors, actions, and individuals that diverge from established social norms. Students will analyze how deviant behavior is defined, labeled, and managed, considering the influence of culture, power structures, and social institutions. Major theoretical perspectives including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism will be applied to topics such as crime, substance use, sexuality, mental illness, and subcultures. Students will also consider the processes of social control, the consequences of stigmatization, and contemporary debates regarding what constitutes deviance in an ever-changing world.
Recommended Textbook Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 11th Edition Curt R. Bartol
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text primarily focuses on mentally disordered offenders.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Compared to the UCR,the NIBRS
A) provides information on international crime.
B) includes demographic data about the arresting officer.
C) provides more detailed information about a criminal event.
D) includes conviction data as well as arrest data.
Answer: C
Q3) All of the following are consistent with the developmental approach to the study of crime except
A) examining factors that place a child at risk of engaging in serious delinquency.
B) identifying the age of onset of antisocial behavior.
C) searching for protective factors in a child's life.
D) obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence.
Answer: D
Q4) Strain theory originated in the work of sociologist ________.
Answer: Robert K.Merton
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Q1) Poverty is an example of a(n)________ risk factor.
A) social
B) familial
C) economic
D) psychological
Answer: A
Q2) The ability to understand another's emotions is called
A) cognitive empathy.
B) learned helplessness.
C) affective empathy.
D) personal efficacy.
Answer: A
Q3) ADHD frequently co-occurs with which diagnostic category?
A) Mental disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Status offenses
D) Psychopathy
Answer: B
Q4) The leading psychological diagnosis for American children is ________.
Answer: ADHD
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Q1) The research on environmental risk factors during infancy indicates that
A) lead exposure may be linked to antisocial behavior.
B) trans fats are closely associated with delinquent behavior.
C) junk foods often lead to persistent and violent criminal behavior.
D) an organic diet can greatly reduce likelihood of antisocial behavior.
Answer: A
Q2) The phenomenon in which the brain's structure and function are affected by experience is called
A) intelligence quotient.
B) elasticity.
C) durability.
D) plasticity.
E) neural synapse.
Answer: D
Q3) Recent research has found that brain stimulation after age five has little impact on growth and development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational
Factors
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Q1) The common human tendency to discount the influence of a situation and explain behavior by referring to the personality of an actor is called
A) type II error.
B) type I error.
C) ecological error.
D) fundamental attribution error.
Q2) Berkowitz's two criminal personality classifications are
A) psychopathic/nonpsychopathic.
B) violent/nonviolent.
C) greedy/altruistic.
D) socialized/individual.
Q3) B.F.Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Milgram's famous studies on obedience to authority indicate that A) people pay little attention to authority figures once they become adults.
B) in general, Americans are not obedient or conforming.
C) most people are obedient to authority even if it causes pain to others.
D) children are less obedient to authority than adults.
Q5) Briefly explain Bandura's theory of moral disengagement.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Q1) The copycat effect is similar to social learning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hostile attribution bias posits that youth and adults prone toward violence are more likely to interpret ________ actions as hostile and threatening than are their less aggressive counterparts.
Q3) Compare and contrast a)overt and covert acts of aggression; b)reactive and proactive aggression.
Q4) The revised frustration-aggression hypothesis was proposed by ________.
Q5) Hostile and instrumental aggression are distinguished by the ________ they offer the perpetrator.
Q6) What do Edinboro,Pennsylvania,Fayetteville,Tennessee,and Jonesboro,Arkansas have in common?
A) They are all locations of school-shooter copycats.
B) They are all locations of road range incidents.
C) They are all locations of terror attacks.
D) They are all locations of media-induced violent attacks.
Q7) Aggressive behavior is always criminal.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquincy
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Q1) Describe the characteristics of Multisystemic therapy.Summarize the research findings about the program's success.
Q2) According to Steinberg's dual systems model of risk-taking,when are adolescents most vulnerable to considerable risk?
A) Upon entering middle school
B) When they are with peers
C) After turning 25 years old
D) When they spend time at home alone
Q3) Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on ________,whereas Moffitt's Developmental Theory emphasizes ________.
A) parenting; characteristics of the child
B) violent offenses; status offenses
C) boys' delinquency; girls' delinquency
D) treatment; prevention
Q4) The major focus of MST is
A) the substance abusing delinquent.
B) the family.
C) socio-economic status.
D) adolescent-limited offenders.
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Q1) It is usually difficult to evaluate properly the effectiveness of programs designed to treat criminal psychopaths because of their ability to ________ the system.
Q2) Quay has said that psychopaths "know the words but not the music" in reference to their lack of real emotion.This is also known as
A) tone deafness.
B) emotional vacuity.
C) pathological deficiency.
D) semantic aphasia.
Q3) Psychometric studies indicate that psychopaths usually score ________ on intelligence tests than the general population.
Q4) Why is it so difficult to properly evaluate the effectiveness of programs designed to treat psychopaths?
A) Because they do not habituate to stimuli easily.
B) Because they are skilled at manipulation.
C) Because they rarely comply with treatment.
D) Because they have difficulty adjusting to new situations.
Q5) What has been learned about a)recidivism and b)treatment of the criminal psychopath?
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Q1) Mental illness is manifested in behavior that ________ notably from normal conduct.
Q2) According to the text,the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most common result of a PTSD defense has been one of
A) diminished responsibility.
B) guilty, but mentally ill.
C) not guilty by reason of insanity.
D) incompetent to stand trial.
Q4) The research shows that violent people
A) fantasize more than nonviolent people.
B) exhibit the violence triad more frequently than nonviolent people.
C) often have a history of mental disorder.
D) usually have a history of violence.
Q5) The right and wrong test refers to which one of the following insanity defenses?
A) Magna Carta
B) The M'Naghten Rule
C) ALI/Brawner Rule
D) The Durham Rule
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) Neonaticide refers to the killing of
A) an infant.
B) a child older than 24 hours.
C) a child within the first 24 hours after birth.
D) a child by the mother.
Q2) In the United States,the victims of homicide are mostly male.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An attack becomes ________ assault when the purpose is to inflict serious bodily injury.
Q4) General altercation homicide is a result of ________ aggression.
Q5) Males are more likely than female to perpetrate which act of family violence?
A) Munchausen Syndrome by proxy
B) Neonaticide
C) Elderly abuse
D) Abusive head trauma
Q6) Families characterized by continual cycles of intrafamilial physical aggression and violence are known as ________ families.
Q7) Explain what research tells about the perpetrators and victims of elder abuse.
Q8) The primary perpetrators of elder abuse are ________ members.
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Q1) What kind of offender would be most likely to engage in undoing at a murder scene?
A) Sadistic
B) Shy
C) Psychopathic
D) Emotionally distraught
Q2) The majority of mass murderers plan to die at the crime scene.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research has found that the two consistent characteristics of school shooters are
A) cruelty to animals and easy access to weapons.
B) desire for revenge and history of drug use.
C) interest in unusual hobbies and history of drug use.
D) peer rejection and social rejection.
Q4) Research shows that criminal profiling should be restricted to serial murder and serial sexual assaults.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Geographic profiling focuses on the ________ of the crime.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Q1) The aim of terrorism is to create ________ in a civilian population.
Q2) In the context of terrorism,________ is defined as an individual's indoctrination to fully embrace a terrorist group's ideology and mission,and to gradually embrace the of violence necessary to reach the group's goals.
Q3) Define the three major disengagement practices often employed by terrorists to justify their actions.
Q4) The attacks on September 11,2001 marked a radical shift in U.S.connection to terrorism.
A)True B)False
Q5) The word ________ in TMT refers to the high anxiety of eventual death that all humans face.
Q6) The textbook uses the ________ definition of terrorism.
Q7) The developmental histories of most terrorists are fraught with mental instability and antisocial behavior.
A)True B)False
Q8) Terrorism today offers a much greater threat of violence to the world than ever before due to ________.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Q1) Research indicates that many sex offenders are highly ________ to changing their deviant behavioral patterns.
Q2) Sex offenders are a homogenous group,markedly similar in age,race and socioeconomic status.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Groth,the smallest percentage of rapists fall under which category?
A) Control rape
B) Power rape
C) Anger rape
D) Sadistic rape
Q4) The category of sexual aggression in which the offender becomes sexually aroused by physical or psychological brutality is called
A) eroticized aggression.
B) expressive sexual aggression.
C) coercive sexual aggression.
D) instrumental sexual aggression.
Q5) According to the revised definition of rape,________ is presumed,even if the individual does not resist.
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth
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Q1) Sexual contact with immature family members by individuals from outside the family is called
A) extrafamilial child molestation.
B) intrafamilial child molestation.
C) hebephilia.
D) paraphilia.
Q2) Current research suggests that symptoms most commonly reported among adolescents and adults who were molested are
A) depression and PTSD.
B) schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations.
C) fear and sleep problems.
D) phobias and psychosomatic complaints.
Q3) Sex offenders often discover their interest in young children during ________ and remain attracted to them into adulthood.
Q4) Juvenile sex offenders mostly victimize A) females.
B) males.
C) adolescents. D) children.
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Chapter 14: Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White
Collar Offenses
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Q1) In addition to the other negative effects of victimization,victims of fraud and identity theft are most likely to experience
A) post-traumatic stress.
B) feelings of self-blame.
C) uncontrollable anger.
D) clinical depression.
Q2) Carjacking most commonly occurs in rural,isolated areas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The motive for most carjackings seems to be
A) vicarious gratification.
B) selling of the car.
C) killing the victim.
D) alert optimism.
Q4) Research suggests that the majority of burglary victims report minimal psychological effects of the crime.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
Q5) Alarms and window locks are examples of ________ cues.
Q6) Official burglary rates have ________ in recent years.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and
Crimes of Intimidation
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Q1) The impetus for California's 1990 antistalking legislation was
A) the stalking of Steven Spielberg's seven children.
B) the murder of actress Rebecca Schaeffer.
C) the stalking and homicide of two government officials.
D) the murders of four Orange County women who were killed despite restraining orders against their assailants.
Q2) A robbery in which the main weapon used is one's own body rather than guns,knives,or other weapons is called ________ robbery.
A) street
B) strong-arm
C) kinesthetic
D) tertiary
Q3) The primary object of banks during a robbery is to ensure the ________ of employers and customers.
Q4) Some people who cyberstalk or cyberbully may be more inclined to act in a deviant manner because of the ________ that the Internet provides.
Q5) Choose any three crimes covered in this chapter and discuss them from the perspective of the psychological effects on the victims.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Q1) Cocaine is typically classified as a central nervous system
A) hallucinogen.
B) opiate-narcotic.
C) depressant.
D) stimulant.
Q2) According to the text,juveniles who occasionally sell drugs to friends frequently become involved in serious delinquency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Other than alcohol,which drug in your opinion has the strongest association with crime? Support your answer by describing the drug and its effects as well as the available research.
Q4) Methylphenidate is also known as
A) Ritalin.
B) ephedrine.
C) cocaine.
D) Ativan.
Q5) The early onset of drug and alcohol use is an important ________ factor for predicting future substance abuse.
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