Deviance and Social Control
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the sociology of deviance and the mechanisms of social control within various societies. Students will examine how behaviors are defined as deviant, the social processes that label individuals or groups, and the consequences of such labeling. Topics include theories of deviance, the role of power and inequality in defining and responding to deviance, and the functions of formal and informal social control agents such as the legal system, media, family, and education. Through case studies and contemporary issues, the course encourages critical analysis of who decides what constitutes deviant behavior and how responses to deviance reflect broader social norms and values.
Recommended Textbook
Deviant Behavior 12th Edition by Alex Thio
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15 Chapters
1437 Verified Questions
1437 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: What Is Deviant Behavior
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even mainstream identities such as "Democrat" or "Republican" can be considered deviant.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Determinist,objectivist,and absolutist are other terms for aspects of the __________ perspective on deviance.
A)constructionist
B)humanist
C)modern
D)positivist
Answer: D
Q3) Despite years of research,most sociologists today cannot agree upon a precise definition of deviant behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The __________ approach believes that deviant behavior is a natural disposition. Answer: positivist
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Chapter 2: Positivist Theories
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89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an example of Merton's legitimate means to achieving success?
A)Insider trading
B)Networking
C)An education
D)A good job
Answer: A
Q2) Merton's ritualists and retreatists have one thing in common,which is the absence of high success goals in their lives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Burgess and Akers argued that before one becomes criminal,a process of __________ must occur where he or she is rewarded for continuing deviant behavior.
A)differential reinforcement
B)differential revulsion
C)differential learning
D)differential rejection
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Constructionist Theories
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The incompatible interests,needs,and desires of diverse groups of people in society can lead to
A)deviant behavior.
B)social conflict.
C)cultural conformity.
D)social strain.
Answer: B
Q2) One reason why labeling theory has enjoyed tremendous popularity among sociologists is because this theory
A)answers the question of what causes deviance in the first place.
B)clearly and logically explains the concept and interactions of hidden deviance.
C)is easy for students to understand.
D)has considerable data to support some of its basic ideas.
Answer: D
Q3) Phenomenologists are largely in agreement with sociologists who adopt a positivist view of deviance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Violence
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Poor people are more likely to use firearms than other weapons when they kill because guns
A)are very inexpensive to purchase.
B)provide barriers between individuals in poor neighborhoods.
C)give a sense of power to the poor.
D)are less risky to use than knives or rope.
Q2) We are far less likely to become victims of cold-blooded murders carried out by strangers than we are likely to die from warm-blooded emotional murders at the hands of relatives and acquaintances.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to some sociologists,the extremely high rate of homicide in parts of the South is a striking example of
A)the massive oppression of the poor.
B)the power of the drug cartels.
C)a deep distrust of strangers.
D)a widespread culture of violence.
Q4) People from the lower income strata tend to commit murders over trivial matters.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Sexual Assault and Child Molestation
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,some studies suggest that rape victims were found to make up about what percentage of all women?
A)Less than 1%
B)5%
C)15%
D)78%
Q2) All of the following are part of America's culture of rape,EXCEPT for
A)the formation of anti-rape organizations like rape crisis centers.
B)the myth that women want to be raped.
C)using women in men's masculinity contests.
D)treating women like men's property.
Q3) From the feminist perspective,rape is primarily an expression of men's dominance over women.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to sociologists,participation in a gang rape
A)is an expression of latent homosexuality.
B)fulfills a social need more than a sexual desire.
C)is a psychologically disturbed act.
D)is an erotic act for the participants.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Family Violence
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research,which of the following statements is true?
A)Most marital rape involves vaginal penetration.
B)Forced anal intercourse occurs more often than forced vaginal intercourse.
C)Most marital rape involves kinky sex acts such as bondage.
D)Marital rape never occurs after a woman has given birth to a child.
Q2) According to a definition of spouse abuse that includes both violent and nonviolent acts,
A)about 10 percent of all married persons in the United States assault their spouses.
B)about one-third of all U.S. couples assault their spouses.
C)the problem of spouse abuse largely disappears.
D)husbands are much more likely to be seen as victims of spouse abuse.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that support female genital mutilation in many African cultures?
A)the meaning of womanhood in many cultures that practice female genital mutilation
B)the overwhelming presence of patriarchy and the need to oppress women
C)the social and psychological benefits the practice provides the participant
D)the high social value of virginity and marriageability that are supported by genital mutilation
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Chapter 7: Suicide and Self-Harm
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Sample Questions
Q1) Well-publicized suicides actually lead to a temporary reduction in suicide rates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the last 40 years,during which the number of suicide prevention centers has increased tremendously,the suicide rate has
A)decreased substantially.
B)not declined substantially.
C)risen dramatically.
D)increased faster among the old than the young.
Q3) In Douglas's view,the specific meanings of suicide to individuals help to A)obstruct the suicidal process.
B)facilitate the suicidal process.
C)change the suicide-prone's mind.
D)create enormous guilt feelings in the suicide-prone person.
Q4) Loner deviants commit deviant acts with only one or two other people,with minimal training,assistance,or support from other deviants who perform similar or identical acts.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: Mental Disorder
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order for a person to undergo involuntary hospitalization for an indefinite period,the person must first be
A)convicted of a crime.
B)charged with a crime.
C)arrested for a suspected crime.
D)judged by the court-appointed psychiatrist as dangerous to themselves or others.
Q2) In the psychosocially informed traditional classification system,mental disorder is divided into two large categories,the organic and the A)dysfunctional.
B)functional.
C)dangerous.
D)abnormal.
Q3) Persons who think and talk in unconventional,illogical,or ambiguous ways and express emotions inappropriately are termed __________.
Q4) Compulsive liars,con-men,and hustlers generally fall into the category of __________ disorders.
Q5) Are mental disorders by-products of society,or are they preexisting conditions? Why?
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Chapter 9: Heterosexual Deviance
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107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A call girl is especially skilled at making her commercial transactions appear non-commercial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Although pornography is considered deviant,and much of it is illegal,it is A)widely used.
B)only popular with a few people.
C)a subject in which only a few sociologists or other scientists are interested.
D)always changing.
Q3) The following are more likely to engage in extramarital sex,EXCEPT for A)men.
B)the middle class.
C)those who have not experienced premarital sex.
D)the less religious.
Q4) For women,the major significance of an affair is A)sex.
B)love.
C)money.
D)excitement.
Q5) Compare and contrast the roles of pimps and madams.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Gays and Other Targets of Stigma
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following actions would be most typical of a transvestite?
A)a man becoming a woman
B)surgery to solve an ambiguous sex
C)a sex change operation
D)cross-dressing
Q2) As a result of the gay power movement of the 70s,every state in the union legalized consensual sex between same-sex adults.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following are illogical grounds for opposing homosexuality on the basis of the need for reproduction,EXCEPT
A)almost all couples have sex for pleasure,not reproduction.
B)the reproductive norm is not held against infertile heterosexual couples in the same way it is held against homosexual couples.
C)few people are currently having sexual relations.
D)heterosexual couples often violate the reproductive norm.
Q4) Gays and lesbians generally lean toward the Republican Party.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Internet Deviance
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two factors that have led to the tremendous rise of cyberdeviance is the phenomenal increase in the use of computers and
A)an increased desire for deviant activities such as pornography.
B)organized crime.
C)lack of law enforcement.
D)fewer opportunities for offline deviance.
Q2) Analyze the threat of a cyberterrorist attack against the United States.What would happen? How can the United States prevent such an attack,and would such prevention change the nature of the Internet? How so?
Q3) The anonymity of the Internet leads to more discrimination against members of minority groups.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Many people use the Internet as a tool for expressing their hate of others.
A)True
B)False
Q5) __________ involves accessing computer systems and files,by illegal means,for various political and socially conscientious purposes.
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Chapter 12: Drug Use
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coca-Cola derived its name from the root word for cocaine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Heroin is the most widely used drug among the poor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When it comes to smoking cigarettes,the gender gap is far greater in developing countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Alfred Lindesmith, the critical experience in someone becoming fixated as a heroin addict is not the euphoria produced by the drug but the relief from withdrawal symptoms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the difference between legal drugs and illegal drugs.Why do some drugs that are harmful remain legal while others that are less harmful become illegal? What is the impact of this classification system?
Q6) The higher the status,the more likely the use of __________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Drinking and Alcoholism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Throughout the world,wine and beer have,over the last quarter century,become much more popular,while liquor has gotten less so.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Jellinek's view,the prospective alcoholic begins as a social drinker.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In what ethnic group do persons begin the practice of moderate drinking in childhood but view getting drunk as foreign to their culture?
A)Chinese
B)Southern Pentecostal
C)Jewish
D)Irish
Q4) According to psychologist David McClelland,the need for __________ is the driving force behind alcoholism.
A)dependency
B)sex
C)respect
D)power
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Chapter 14: Privileged Deviance
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88 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the social profile of corporate crooks,the text's author lists many activities conducted by U.S.corporations,including moving corporate headquarters to avoid taxes,stacking the board of directors,and giving campaign contributions to candidates of both parties.What make these practices important is that they are
A)illegal.
B)legal.
C)harmful to corporations.
D)helpful to the general public.
Q2) It is doubtful that the government can wage an all-out war on white-collar deviance because
A)such criminals are too powerful or respectable.
B)the government is too busy arresting drug offenders.
C)jurors will sympathize too much with the white-collar defendants.
D)not enough laws exist to pursue a rigorous war on this deviance.
Q3) Most of the tax evasion methods employed by corporations are
A)legal.
B)detected and prosecuted.
C)the consequence of government harassment.
D)not economically significant.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Underprivileged Deviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Snitches are professional criminals who shoplift for profit.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Robberies tend to occur more in the rural areas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Actual violence is more likely to occur in armed robbery than in unarmed robbery.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Like robbers,burglars confront their victims.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Conklin's view,the robbers of today
A)are very much like the robbers of the 1930s.
B)tend to commit robbery more as a crime of passion.
C)are likely to commit robbery out of a sense of relative deprivation.
D)find the risks of crime much greater than before.
Q6) Describe the motivations and factors that must come into play for burglary to occur.
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