Developmental Psychology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the scientific study of human growth and change across the lifespan, from conception to old age. The course examines key theories and empirical findings related to cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development, considering both universal patterns and the influence of culture, family, and environment. Students will investigate critical topics such as language acquisition, attachment, identity formation, moral development, and the challenges of aging, gaining insights into the processes that shape behavior and personality over time. Through research analysis and practical examples, the course emphasizes the importance of developmental principles for understanding and supporting individuals at every life stage.
Recommended Textbook
The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick
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532 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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Q1) Keisha is a 35-year-old African-American woman who is depressed.Her presenting concerns include marital distress,the imminent possibility of losing her job,overeating,and chain-smoking.As you listen to her story,you begin to construct a picture of her developmental history.Which of these explanations would someone using a multidimensional perspective be most likely to offer for Keisha's problems difficulties?
A)Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism.
B)Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount.
C)Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication.
D)Keisha's has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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Q1) Based on your knowledge of prenatal development,which of the following sequences would you expect to be correct?
A)The heart begins to form before the hands.
B)The hands begin to form before the heart.
C)The legs begin to form before the head.
D)The feet begin to form before the lungs.
Answer: A
Q2) There are 46 of these in the nuclei of human cells,they are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
A)Teratogens
B)Zygotes
C)Chromosomes
D)Genes
Answer: C
Q3) Fetal brains are built by neurons
A)that are generated by the cortex.
B)that migrate from the top of the brain down to the lower brain.
C)that migrate from the bottom of the brain up to the higher areas.
D)that migrate from the glial cells to the outside surface of the cortex.
Answer: C
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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Q1) According to Vygotsky,language is one product of shared understanding among members of a social group and may be considered a ____________ that facilitates learning and thinking.
A)scaffold
B)tool or sign
C)culture
D)developmental line
Answer: B
Q2) One important lesson that people in helping professional can take from Piaget's and Vygotsky's work is that
A)children must be expected to make independent progress,and not to be supported by adults in every task.
B)understanding how young clients think can help in structuring interventions that build effectively on existing knowledge and meanings.
C)stages of cognitive development proceed regularly,and are not altered by individual experiences.
D)language learning is not necessary for children to make progress in problem solving.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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Q1) Developmental researchers use the term "goodness of fit" to refer to
A)the match between the mother's and baby's blood type.
B)the similarity of the genotype of the mother and the genotype of the father.
C)the match between the caregiver's responses to a child and the child's temperament.
D)the tendency of the caregiver to coordinate eye contact and vocalization with a baby.
Q2) Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex.She has been depressed since Alex's birth and is frequently withdrawn.Because of Bea's depression,we can expect that,in comparison to other 4-month-olds,Alex experiences will display
A)less self-regulation.
B)more active face-to-face interactions.
C)less crying and disctress.
D)more fearfulness and turning away.
Q3) High levels of the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in early social bonding by
A)lowering infant dopamine levels.
B)promoting physical closeness and reducing maternal stress.
C)increasing infant stress responsivity.
D)regulating infant's uneven hormonal and behavioral states.
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Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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Q1) For counselors who work with families that include children of different ages,which of the following statements is true?
A)Parents should consistently enforce a limited number of rules regardless of the age of the child.
B)Parents need to treat all children in the family the same way
C)Parents need to be flexible as children get older and adjust their rules and expectations to developmentally changing competencies and needs.
D)Parents can relax their control of older children because these children have passed the critical period of the preschool years when learning rules is most important. E)g.,granting privileges,etc.)or they risk sending the message that they favor one child over another.
Q2) At what age would a young child typically show self-recognition,the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror?
A)By 10 months.
B)By 13 months.
C)By 18 months.
D)By 3 years.
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Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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Q1) Counselors who work to improve children's social relationships are concerned with developing friendship skills.According to Selman,friendship skills can be defined as
A)a child's changing knowledge about what friendship implies.
B)behaviors such as appropriate assertiveness,eye contact,and good communication with peers.
C)emotional investments a child makes in friendships.
D)the reasoning approaches a children characteristically applies to social situations.
Q2) Which of the following is a difference between working memory and long-term memory?
A)Problem solving and making inferences is something we do in long-term memory,not in working memory.
B)Working memory retains information even longer than long-term memory.
C)Working memory has a limited capacity whereas long-term memory has almost unlimited capacity.
D)Working memory and long-term memory are the same thing.
Q3) Explain why perspective taking is so crucial to the development of social skills.,
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) Develop a case study that reflects the development of an aggressive disorder.,
Q2) The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a less-preferred response is called
A)emotional reactivity.
B)positive regulation.
C)conscience-oriented behavior.
D)effortful control
Q3) Tim is doing poorly in math.Although he knows he's not a very good math student,it does not concern him greatly.He spends most of his time after school playing hockey,a sport at which he excels.Tim's 5<sup>th</sup> grade math teacher tries to motivate him to stay after school for tutoring,but Tim doesn't want to miss hockey practice.Furthermore,he reasons,two of his teammates have even lower marks in math than he does.Which of the following statements about Tim's self-concept is most accurate?
A)Tim's self-concept is low because thinks poorly of himself in math.
B)Tim's self-concept is high because he thinks he is good in athletics.
C)Tim's self-concept reflects some understanding of his strengths and weaknesses.
D)Tim's self-concept is undifferentiated because of his age.
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study of children from elementary school to young adulthood Mahoney,2000),participation in extracurricular activities for at least a year was associated with high rates of graduation and low rates of criminal activity if the student's
A)parents supported extracurricular activity.
B)peer group also participated in the extracurricular activity.
C)teachers made adjustments in their expectations.
D)community was upper middle class.
Q2) With regard to differences between males and females in math skills,which of the following is correct?
A)Males on the average do somewhat better than females in all areas of math skill testing.
B)These differences have changed historically,and there is now little difference before Grade 12.
C)Boys are on the average better than girls on math computations in elementary school and early adolescence.
D)Girls are on the average better than boys on math problem solving after puberty.
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Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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Q1) Dennis is a 17-year-old who comes to a counselor because he feels sexually attracted to males,which is at odds with his religious beliefs.Although he has felt this way for a long time,he is still struggling to understand why.Based upon the information presented in this chapter,which of these explanation has some research support?
A)Homosexual orientation usually results from being reared by a parent or parents of the same sex.
B)Homosexual orientation results from being exposed to early sexual abuse.
C)Homosexual orientation is at least partly determined by heredity.
D)Homosexual orientation is a personal choice made by the individual.
Q2) Give three examples of adolescent egocentrism that might be apparent in a counseling situation with an adolescent.,
Q3) According to Erikson,what are the processes involved in the development of identity?
A)Foreclosure and achievement.
B)Exploration and commitment.
C)Exploration and moratorium.
D)Diffusion and commitment.
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Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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Q1) For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior
A)provide factual lectures on the risks of alcohol use.
B)interview the teen about his or her own current beliefs and expectations.
C)establish a reward system for good behavior.
D)determine the extent of deviant behavior the adolescent has engaged in.
E)g.,alcohol use),one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion.Before a counselor can do so effectively,she must
Q2) Studies of American schools indicate that as children move out of elementary school into middle and junior high schools,instructional practices are characterized more by
A)emphasis on discipline and teacher control
B)emphasis on cooperative learning rather than competition
C)a greater sense of community and caring
D)closer contact with teachers and other staff
Q3) Many large scale interventions have been designed to reduce problem behaviors in adolescence such as drinking,drug use,smoking,etc.)or to increase positive behaviors.Discuss some of the typical characteristics of the least effective and the most effective of these programs to date,based on available research.Use examples where possible.,
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young Adults
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Q1) Arnett proposes that the stage of life from age 18 to approximately 25 be called A)youth.
B)emerging adulthood.
C)early adulthood.
D)young adulthood.
Q2) Arnett's research suggests that young adults today believe that adulthood is primarily defined
A)by the timing of achievements,such as marriage and parenthood.
B)on the basis of reaching a certain age.
C)on the basis of achieving certain roles,such as marriage and parenthood.
D)on the basis of more subjective judgments of psychological independence.
Q3) Which of the following individuals would most likely be in the reorganizational stage according to Schaie's view of adult adjustment?
A)A 20-year-old carpenter's apprentice.
B)A 25-year-old single mother.
C)A 45-year-old businessman.
D)A 62-year-old truck driver.
Q4) Using Perry's theory,describe what processes help individuals move from dualistic to authentically relativistic thinking.,
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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Q1) Research on job satisfaction indicates which of the following?
A)Job satisfaction is more closely related to monetary compensation than to any other variable.
B)Job satisfaction is most closely related to sociability,with sociable individuals more likely to be satisfied with any job.
C)How well personality characteristics match the demands of a job is an important ingredient in job satisfaction.
D)Job satisfaction actually has nothing to do with how well personality characteristics match the demands of the job.
Q2) Which of the following majors actually tend to lose subscribers as students move through their college years?
A)Education.
B)Business.
C)Engineering.
D)Psychology.
Q3) Attachment theory,originally formulated to explain infant-caregiver relationships,has been applied to understanding adult-adult relationships.Outline three ways in which this application can be useful to helping professionals.,
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Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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Q1) Based upon research about marital relationships conducted by Gottman,what feature of a relationship best predicts the demise of a relationship?
A)Homeostatic steady state.
B)Negative affect reciprocity.
C)Disillusionment.
D)Childlessness.
Q2) Sonya is a successful therapist with three adult children.She is 50 years old and in relatively good health.Sonya has some minor aches and stiff joints,mostly stemming from an old knee injury she suffered while playing sports in college.She and her husband reside on the West coast near Sonya's elderly father.Her younger daughter is still in middle school.Her two older children live in different states,and her oldest son has been diagnosed with HIV.Sonya tries to bring the family together as often as she can,but it is usually only once or twice a year.She is involved in her community and is a generous donor to programs that support research on AIDS.Which of the following could be considered a nonnormative event in Sonya's life?
A)Her children's move to other states.
B)Her son's diagnosis of HIV.
C)Her physical limitations.
D)Her generation's approach to community involvement.
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Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has not been proposed as a reason why people seek meaning in their lives?
A)Establishing meaning helps people feel like they have control.
B)Establishing meaning helps people define their values,morals,and ethics.
C)Establishing meaning helps people feel self-worth.
D)Establishing meaning helps people feel like they are better than other people.
Q2) Laboratory studies have provided evidence for which of the following statements with regard to emotional reactivity?
A)Positive affectivity is related to higher levels of left prefrontal cortical activity.
B)Positive affectivity is related to higher levels of temporal lobe activity.
C)Positive affectivity is related to lower levels of prefrontal cortical activity.
D)Positive affectivity is related to reduction in psychoneuroimmune functions.
Q3) Kindling-behavioral sensitization describes
A)a process of shaping behavior to desired outcomes.
B)a process of increasing sensitivity to stressful triggers.
C)a process that explains how neurobiological factors interact with chemicals in the brain.
D)the measure of total life stresses.
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Q1) Studies of people who are bereaved,whether due to death of a loved one or due to their own spinal cord injuries,show similar results regarding the relationship between initial distress and later coping.Compared to other bereaved individuals,people who show the highest levels of initial distress
A)are better able to cope with their loss in the long run.
B)are less effective in coping with their loss in the long run.
C)develop stronger attachments in the long run.
D)show no long-term coping differences from those who show less initial distress.
Q2) Which of the following factors is an important predictor of a successful retirement?
A)Pension eligibility and high self-esteem.
B)Higher social class.
C)Better housing facilities.
D)Number of grandchildren.
Q3) What is a dual-process model of the grief process? Explain why the available research indicates that a complex model of this sort is needed.Page 588)
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