Developmental Psychology Question
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Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from infancy through old age. The course examines major theories of development, research methodologies, and key findings related to biological and environmental influences on growth and behavior. Students will analyze milestones and challenges at each developmental stage, considering the impact of cultural, familial, and societal contexts. Emphasis is placed on understanding normative development as well as variations and disorders, enabling students to apply developmental principles across various professional and personal settings.
Recommended Textbook
Children Play and Development 4th Edition by Fergus
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10 Chapters
476 Verified Questions
476 Flashcards
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Page 2
P. Hughes
Chapter 1: Historical and Theoretical Viewpoints
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maria Montessori supported the use of spontaneous and imaginative play in her curriculum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following beliefs was expressed by the British philosopher John Locke (1632-1704)?
A) Children should never be allowed to do what they want.
B) Children should be beaten regularly.
C) Children tend instinctively to do the right thing.
D) Nature provides a child with an innate plan for development.
E) Children are not worthy of adult interest or concern.
Answer: A
Q3) Maria Montessori was the first person to suggest that the mind of a child is a blank slate at birth.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultures that emphasize ___________ are the most likely to value cooperation in the games of their children.
A) individual identity formation
B) the right to private property
C) collectivism
D) loyalty to self
E) independence
Answer: C
Q2) While it is common in human children, aggression is rare in the play of other animal species.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Animals who have to assume specific positions within a social order estab?lished by their peers are the most likely to engage in play.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The First 2 Years of Life
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately one third of mother-infant symbolic play episodes have instrumental functions, meaning that these episodes
A) are not enjoyable for the child.
B) are initiated by the mother rather than the child.
C) have no educational value.
D) are used to educate or control the child.
E) last for only a few seconds at a time.
Answer: D
Q2) It is not until approximately the age of _______ months that children are first able to play games with peers without any adult structuring at all.
A) nine
B) thirty-six
C) twenty-four
D) eighteen
E) twelve
Answer: D
Q3) A type of play that fathers are more likely than mothers to engage in is ____________ play.
Answer: rough and tumble
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to younger ones, older preschool children need a greater degree of realism in their props to engage successfully in dramatic play.
A)True
B)False
Q2) You've been asked to design an outdoor play environment specifically for the purpose of encouraging creative pretend play. Describe your ideal play area as fully as possible, both in terms of materials used and characteristics of the physical environment.
Q3) During the preschool years a preference for other-sex playmates is related to A) social adjustment difficulties.
B) a high degree of popularity.
C) high teacher ratings of social competence.
D) higher intelligence.
E) autism.
Q4) Moderate to severe malnutrition during childhood will
A) result in learning difficulties but will have no influence on play.
B) influence physical play, but will have no effect on make-believe play.
C) lower the quality and decrease the overall amount of play.
D) influence play to such a degree that the negative effects cannot be reversed.
Q5) According to Mildren Parten, the lowest level of play is _______ play.
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Chapter 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike the grade school child, the adolescent sees a relationship as an opportunity to satisfy a need to ___________.
Q2) When children enter the stage of concrete operations, for the first they are able to form mental representations of reality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why do some psychologists maintain that games with rules are not really play at all?
A) Children usually don't enjoy these games.
B) Children don't make up the games themselves.
C) The games have an external goal, which is winning.
D) These games require a good deal of skill, which some children do not have.
E) These games differ from one culture to another.
Q4) There is most likely to be a connection between success in athletics and overall self-esteem if a child
A) is a boy rather than a girl.
B) has a self-schema that pertains to athletics.
C) values sports participation.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 6: Gender Differences in Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) In fantasy play, girls are more willing than boys to play ___________ roles.
Q2) Toys designed specifically for girls are likely to
A) require construction.
B) involve the manipulation of objects and patterns.
C) focus on movement through space.
D) facilitate verbal interaction.
E) discourage creativity.
Q3) Girls in American society usually have a larger number of toys than boys do, but boys have a larger variety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The earliest age at which children have been found to prefer gender appropriate toys is
A) ten months.
B) eighteen months.
C) two years.
D) two-and-a-half years.
E) three years.
Q5) Rough-and-tumble play is always _______, and always contains components of
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Chapter 7: Play in Special Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe some of the emotional reactions of hospitalized children that indicate that a hospital stay can be a highly stressful experience. What is there about hospitalization that is so stressful for many children?
Q2) Preschool children who have difficulty understanding language or using it expressively have four of the following characteristics. Which statement is not correct in describing such children?
A) They are usually well liked and accepted by their peers.
B) They often behave aggressively with peers.
C) They are less capable of handling peer conflict.
D) They are easily frustrated when interacting with peers.
E) They are more dependent on adults for assistance than are other children.
Q3) When children who have been sexually abused are at play, they
A) spend most of their time undressing and examining the sexual parts of dolls.
B) are passive, and do not call attention to themselves.
C) are disruptive and aggressive.
D) play more imaginatively than non-abused children do.
E) refuse to play with adult dolls, and instead play only with dolls that look like babies.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Play and Intellectual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enactive representation occurs when a person encodes information about the world in physical movement instead of or as well as mentally.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Convergent thinking
A) is applied in multiple-solution problems.
B) is closely related to the processes of creativity.
C) rarely occurs in children under the age of five.
D) can be improved by play during the preschool years.
E) none of the above
Q3) According to Vygotsky (1978), the value of play materials is that they
A) help children to reduce their anxiety.
B) make it easier for children to relate to their peers.
C) help adults influence and control their children.
D) help children to separate themselves from concrete reality.
E) encourage children to develop their creativity.
Q4) Both literacy and make-believe play involve __________ language, meaning that the words used often refer to objects not immediately present.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Social Benefits of Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Creative movement experiences encourage children to improve in their overall social competence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In an attempt to identify a range of variation in the quality of parent-infant attachment, psychologist Mary developed a test known as the ________
Q3) Parents of insecurely attached children have a number of characteristics. Which is not usually one of these characteristics?
A) irritability
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) lack of self-confidence
E) insensitivity.
Q4) Although children behave cooperatively when engaged in sociodramatic play, they do not generalize this cooperative attitude to other areas of social interaction.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Uses of Play in Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anna Freud and Melanie Klein shared similar views about the meaning of play, but they also disagreed on how play should be incorporated into therapy with children. What points did they agree on? What was their major disagreement about the uses of play?
Q2) Which therapist is most likely to argue that therapy should never be hurried, and should proceed at the child's own pace?
A) Klein
B) Freud
C) Gardner
D) Hug-Hellmuth
E) Axline
Q3) Anna Freud believed that she could work effectively with a child even if that child had no motivation to bring about change.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In art therapy, children who draw huge figures may be __________, while withdrawn, insecure, or depressed children may produce small figures.
Q5) Play Analysis was an approach to therapy developed by ________ ________.
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