Developmental Psychology Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of growth and change throughout the human lifespan, from conception to old age. The course examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, integrating major theories, contemporary research, and practical applications. Topics include prenatal and early childhood development, language acquisition, attachment, identity formation, moral development, aging, and the impact of cultural and environmental factors on developmental trajectories. Through the study of developmental milestones and individual differences, students gain insights into typical and atypical development, as well as implications for education, parenting, and intervention strategies.
Recommended Textbook
Personality 8th Edition by Jerry M. Burger
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
963 Verified Questions
963 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1189 Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Personality?
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23576
Sample Questions
Q1) The four components necessary for a complete understanding of personality include each of the following except
A)application.
B)assessment.
C)philosophy.
D)research.
Answer: C
Q2) Cognitive personality psychologists suggest people become depressed because of the way they interpret their inability to control events.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following questions would a personality psychologist ask?
A)Why are certain types of people prone to depression?
B)Why are some people always in a positive mood?
C)How can job satisfaction in employees be predicted?
D)All of these
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23577
Sample Questions
Q1) Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as
A)the hypothesis-testing method.
B)the experimental approach.
C)the correlation coefficient.
D)the case study method.
Answer: D
Q2) A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables is more commonly called a correlation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) When scores from a test correlate with other measures of the same construct,researchers can determine the test's
A)face validity.
B)congruent validity.
C)construct validity.
D)discriminant validity.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application,
and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23578
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud,"Freudian slips"
A)are an example of free association.
B)provide clues about unconscious associations.
C)indicate that psychoanalysis is progressing because the crucial unconscious material is close to breaking into consciousness.
D)occur almost exclusively during psychoanalysis.
Answer: B
Q2) In psychoanalysis,patients are asked to lie on a couch while the therapist sits out of sight.This arrangement is designed to facilitate A)dream interpretation.
B)free association.
C)projection.
D)transference.
Answer: B
Q3) One defense mechanism that is successful,productive,and adaptive is reaction formation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23579
Sample Questions
Q1) All but which of the following has been found to enhance hypnotic responsiveness?
A)Positive attitudes toward hypnosis
B)An expectation that one will become highly hypnotized
C)A high level of motivation to become hypnotized
D)A high extraversion score
Q2) What concept do sociocognitive theorists often use to explain the behavior of hypnotic subjects?
A)Expectancy
B)Altered state of consciousness
C)Divided consciousness
D)Repression
Q3) When Tony was three years old,he experienced a great deal of stress at home. As an adult,his defensive style is likely to rely on
A)mature defense mechanisms.
B)strong defense mechanisms.
C)denial.
D)conscious rather than unconscious strategies.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian
Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
53 Verified Questions
53 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23580
Sample Questions
Q1) "There are images in your unconscious that you did not repress.You were born with these unconscious images." Which theorist is most likely to have said this?
A)Freud
B)Adler
C)Jung
D)Erikson
Q2) Briefly sketch the life of Karen Horney and describe her relationship to Freud. Discuss Horney's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the specific objections she had to Freud's original theory. Explain Horney's conception of neurosis and discuss three general social interaction styles that neurotic people adopt.
Q3) Briefly sketch the life of Erik Erikson and contrast his theory with Freud's. Discuss Erikson's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the main points of his approach,including a definition of identity crisis and Erikson's conception of the ego. List the stages of personality development according to Erikson's theory and for each stage give an example of the basic crisis involved.
Q4) Adler's assessment of middle children was positive.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23581
Sample Questions
Q1) Francisco has fallen in love many times,but has difficulty finding long-term happiness in any of his relationships. He desperately wants to find a romantic partner. Francisco probably has which kind of adult attachment style?
A)Secure
B)Anxious-ambivalent
C)Avoidant
D)Dependent
Q2) Participants in one experiment were either frustrated or not frustrated.They then were given what they thought was an opportunity to administer electric shocks to either the person who had frustrated them or a stranger.This experiment was designed to test which part of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
A)Catharsis
B)Displacement
C)Sublimation
D)Reinforcement
Q3) Karen Horney agreed with Freud that unconscious conflicts often trigger anxiety.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
8
Chapter 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23582
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a psychogenic need?
A)Sexual intercourse
B)Affiliation
C)Autonomy
D)Safety
Q2) Sometimes a man with a high need for Affiliation will engage in social interactions,but sometimes he will not.According to Murray,what determines the man's affiliation behavior?
A)Whether or not he has recently spent time with people
B)The strength of his need for Affiliation relative to other needs
C)The need for Affiliation levels of other people
D)His need for Power
Q3) What is meant by using the score on a measure of social desirability to test discriminant validity? List the problems associated with self-report inventories and the logic behind assessment of social desirability.
Q4) Personality psychologists use factor analysis to help them determine
A)a person's central traits.
B)which personality traits correlate together.
C)the stability of personality traits over time and situations.
D)the validity of personality trait measures.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: The Trait Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23583
Sample Questions
Q1) Shy people are more likely than nonshy people to be polite.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Juanita works hard to do well in her English class. She wants to get the highest grade in the class on each exam,and is especially pleased when she is singled out for recognition. Researchers would say that Juanita is motivated by
A)a striving for superiority.
B)a high need for Achievement.
C)mastery goals.
D)performance goals.
Q3) Research has identified each of the following except one as characteristic of people high in social anxiety.Which one?
A)They avoid making eye contact.
B)They frequently ask friends to help them.
C)They expect their conversations to go poorly.
D)They interpret feedback from others in a negative light.
Q4) Type A people often find more easygoing people a source of frustration.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23584
Sample Questions
Q1) According to temperament researchers,which statement is correct about inhibited children?
A)They will grow up to be shy adults.
B)They are born with a predisposed tendency for anxiety to novelty.
C)At least half of all American children can be identified as "inhibited."
D)They cannot be identified until about the age of five.
Q2) A psychologist purchases an electroencephalograph (EEG)for use in his research.The psychologist is interested in measuring
A)intelligence.
B)muscle tension.
C)heart rate.
D)brain-wave activity.
Q3) According to the text,the growing acceptance of the several biological influences on personality is
A)a reflection of the decline of psychoanalysis in academic psychology.
B)partly due to a return to the notion of the blank slate.
C)a reflection of behaviorism's decline in academic psychology.
D)due to computer technology of the late 20th century.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: The Biological Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23585
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the difference in preference for arousal between extraverts and introverts. Give two ways in which sensitivity to stimulation translates into behavior. What research evidence has been offered for the heritability of the extraversion?
Q2) A researcher asks extraverts and introverts to work on a series of math problems while listening to loud or soft music.Based on past research,we would expect to find that
A)the extraverts do better on the test, regardless of the music level.
B)the introverts do better when listening to loud music, the extraverts better when listening to soft music.
C)the extraverts do better when listening to loud music, the introverts better when listening to soft music.
D)introverts and extraverts do equally well regardless of how loud the music is playing.
Q3) Two babies that come from different fertilized eggs may be
A)siblings.
B)dizygotic twins
C)unrelated
D)all of these
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23586
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about Carl Rogers' background?
A)He entered his undergraduate education eager for a career in psychology.
B)Before entering psychology, Rogers planned a career as a minister.
C)The interpersonal warmth characteristic of Rogers' psychotherapy sessions was modeled by his parents as he grew up.
D)Rogers studied with the great existential philosophers in Europe.
Q2) Describe how Maslow went about studying psychologically healthy people. List each of the characteristics of the self-actualized individual he found and define what he meant by peak experience. List and define each of the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs,giving your own example of a need at each level.
Q3) For Abraham Maslow,the turning point in his thinking about human personality came while he was
A)watching a World War II parade.
B)listening to a lecture on psychoanalysis.
C)wondering about the best techniques for therapy.
D)playing in a football game in college.
Q4) The most common defense,according to Rogers,is the process of distortion.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
58 Verified Questions
58 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23587
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maslow,people with a high need for privacy are not necessarily trying to escape from relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Studies of couples in long-term romantic relationships find
A)little or no relationship between self-disclosure and marital satisfaction.
B)self-disclosure in a marriage is a reliable predictor of marital satisfaction.
C)people who generally are high self-disclosers are more satisfied with their long-term relationships.
D)people who generally disclose very little to others are more satisfied with their long-term relationships.
Q3) In Western societies,the concept of high self-esteem is related to how one fits with society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Distinguish between self-esteem and self-concept. Discuss the specific research findings on self-esteem and reaction to failure. Explain differences in reactions to failures and how this can influence one's feelings of self-worth.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 14
Chapter 13: The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach:
Theory,Application,and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128312
Sample Questions
Q1) Watson paired a loud noise with the appearance of a white rat to create a fear of the animal in a boy known as Little Albert.Watson performed this experiment to demonstrate that
A)phobias can develop through classical conditioning.
B)phobias can develop through operant conditioning.
C)learning can take place in the absence of language skills.
D)behaviors can be conditioned in children as young as 11 months old.
Q2) Which of the following was not advocated by John B.Watson?
A)If psychology is to be a science, psychologists must stop examining mental states.
B)Only that which is observable is reasonable subject matter for science.
C)Subjective inner feelings have no place in an objective science.
D)Subjective inner feelings can be studied through scientific methods.
Q3) The self-monitoring method may have problems due to the fact that
A)it cannot be used to assess the progress of treatment.
B)it may be contaminated by self-report measures.
C)the client is not a trained psychotherapist.
D)the client may be dishonest about his or her behavior.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15
Chapter 14: The Behavioral Social Learning Approach:
Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128315
Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of learned helplessness is based on which behaviorist notion?
A)Second-order conditioning
B)Punishment
C)Schedules of reinforcement
D)Generalization
Q2) From your study of the textbook,with which of the following concepts is Rotter associated?
A)Learned helplessness
B)Observational learning of aggression
C)Classical conditioning
D)Locus of control
Q3) Which of the following is a similarity between animals exposed to inescapable shock and depressed humans?
A)They both have similar changes in neurotransmitters and receptors.
B)They both show evidence for internal locus of control..
C)They both become highly agitated and aggressive.
D)They both continue to try to escape adversity until exhaustion
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/128316
Sample Questions
Q1) Joshua classifies each person he meets as either sensitive or insensitive. A cognitive personality theorist would probably say that sensitive-insensitive is an example of a A)personal construct.
B)prototype.
C)self-schema.
D)possible self.
Q2) Describe each of the major cognitive representations of the self and how each fits into a larger theory of personality. How are these representations measured? Give an example of your own self-schema.
Q3) Kelly presented a "man-as-scientist" conception of human personality,meaning that A)no scientist can understand a person better than that person understands himself or herself.
B)the human personality can be examined through scientific methods.
C)people constantly try to predict and control the events in their lives.
D)the best way to obtain answers to our questions about human personality is to examine a single individual in depth.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23591
Sample Questions
Q1) Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list.The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed.This finding supports which concept?
A)Learned helplessness
B)Depressive schema
C)Explanatory style
D)Locus of control
Q2) Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?
A)It is related to depression.
B)Processing filters out positive information.
C)It tends to identify one's problems with specific events.
D)It is a form of negative reinforcement.
Q3) Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.
A)American history
B)emotional experiences
C)their childhood
D)important issues
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 18