Developmental Psychology Final Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout the human lifespan, from infancy through old age. The course examines key theories, research methods, and empirical findings related to physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Topics include the influence of genetics and environment, the role of family and culture, developmental milestones, and challenges at various life stages. Students will gain an understanding of how psychological processes evolve and the impact of developmental changes on learning, behavior, and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Children Play and Development 4th Edition by Fergus
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10 Chapters
476 Verified Questions
476 Flashcards
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Page 2
P. Hughes
Chapter 1: Historical and Theoretical Viewpoints
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Sample Questions
Q1) For a thousand years before the birth of Christ, children in the Mediterranean world were thought of as incapable of directing their own affairs, but they were never ____________, as they often are today.
A) expected to work
B) romanticized
C) allowed to play
D) given toys
E) supervised by adults
Answer: B
Q2) According to ___________theories, a child's development cannot be fully understood without referring to the social-cultural and historical setting in which it occurs.
Answer: contextual
Q3) The major difference between play and work is that play is enjoyable but work is not.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most reasonable interpretation of socioeconomic differences in symbolic play is that
A) lower SES children are less intelligent than their middle class peers.
B) lower SES children have different attitudes toward and experiences with the school environment.
C) middle class children are less frightened by games of make-believe.
D) middle class children watch more television than lower class children.
E) middle class children have fewer siblings, and therefore have to resort more often to games of make-believe.
Answer: B
Q2) Animals who have to assume specific positions within a social order estab?lished by their peers are the most likely to engage in play.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) ____________ involves a stress on the importance of group goals, group loyalty, and group identification.
Answer: Collectivism
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4
Chapter 3: The First 2 Years of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main value of toys for infants up to the age of three months is to
Answer: stimulate the senses.
Q2) Which type of activity does not occur during the first year of an infant's life?
A) symbolic play
B) object play
C) sensorimotor play
D) circular reactions
E) manipulative play
Answer: A
Q3) Nearly all of the symbolic play episodes that mothers initiate are intended to educate the child in some way or to control the child's behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) When toddlers show signs that they can take turns in play, we refer to their play as
Answer: reciprocal.
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Chapter 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the five categories of social play that were identified in the 1930's by Mildred Parten, and explain how children progress through these categories between the ages of two and five.
Q2) The vast majority of the pretend play of preschool children consists of A) solitary activity.
B) parallel play.
C) intense cooperative group interaction.
D) play with imaginary companions.
E) doll play.
Q3) When young children play in traditional playgrounds, most of their time is spent in _________ play.
Q4) In a study by Andrea Taylor and her associates (1997), creative play was more likely to occur in outdoor environments that had A) adult supervisors.
B) trees and shrubs.
C) playground equipment.
D) adequate lighting.
E) tall buildings.
Q5) According to Mildren Parten, the lowest level of play is _______ play.
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Chapter 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What specific intellectual skills allow adolescents to be more effective at problem solving that they were as children?
Q2) The preschool child who is asked to sort a group of geometric shapes will arrange them into pleasing perceptual patterns referred to as
A) mental representations.
B) graphic collections.
C) logical groupings.
D) concrete operations.
E) formal operations.
Q3) While play as a category of activity all but disappears during adolescence in most non-Western cultures, it is replaced in the United States and European countries by
Q4) More than _________ million children participate in youth sports every year in the United States.
Q5) When children enter the stage of concrete operations, for the first they are able to form mental representations of reality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Gender Differences in Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the research evidence in support of the belief that cultural factors are responsible for gender differences in toy preference.
Q2) The earliest age at which children have been found to prefer gender appropriate toys is
A) ten months.
B) eighteen months.
C) two years.
D) two-and-a-half years.
E) three years.
Q3) Describe the subtle, and not-so-subtle, ways in which toy manufacturers suggest in their advertising that a particular toy is intended for children of one sex rather than the other.
Q4) Children show a preference for gender-typed toys even before they have acquired a concept of gender.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Rough-and-tumble play is always _______, and always contains components of __________.
Q6) In fantasy play, girls are more willing than boys to play ___________ roles.
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Chapter 7: Play in Special Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Young children with hearing difficulties prefer coopera?tive make-believe play to solitary play.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which group of children is the least likely to engage in symbolic play?
A) speech delayed
B) hearing impaired
C) autistic
D) hospitalized
E) intellectually impaired
Q3) Asperger's syndrome is characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and significant communication problems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How does the play of children who have been physically abused differ from that of victims of sexual abuse? How might these differences be explained?
Q5) Children with autism have difficulty with _________ attention, which is coordinated looking at toys and people, showing toys to others or pointing to events and objects.
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Chapter 8: Play and Intellectual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The realization that many individual parts can be put together to make a whole is referred to as
A) subdivision.
B) equivalency.
C) measurement.
D) conservation.
E) unit iteration.
Q2) A _________ spatial concept allows a child to think of space as an overall network, independent of the number or the arrangement of elements within it.
Q3) Creative children are more likely to have a well-developed sense of humor.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You are asked to speak to a parent group about the toys that are most likely to facilitate divergent thinking, as well as those least likely to do so. What kinds of materials would you recommend to the parents, and what would you advise them to stay away from?
Q5) Describe and provide examples of the four different types of language play that occur in early childhood.
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Chapter 9: The Social Benefits of Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only about half of all preschool children say they enjoy taking part in musical activities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How do rejected children often behave in a physical play situation?
A) They become over-stimulated and "out of control."
B) Their rough and tumble play often degenerates into aggressive behavior
C) They are unable to sustain a play activity for very long.
D) They fear the intense stimulation of physical play and simply avoid play entirely.
E) all of the above
Q3) Research on the coaching of children in social skills indicates that
A) the effects of coaching are both positive and lasting.
B) coaching works for neglected children but not for those who are rejected by the peer group.
C) coaching is of little value for most children.
D) the effects of coaching are impressive but short-lived.
E) the best approach is to pressure the peer group into accepting the unpopular child.
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11
Chapter 10: The Uses of Play in Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every school of psychotherapy shares the belief that play is indispensable in the diagnosis and treat?ment of children with problems. Which is not a reason for the use of play?
A) Children in therapy have probably not had enough opportunities to play in the past.
B) Play is a natural form of expression for children and it allows them to communicate their feelings effectively.
C) When playing the child is less likely to feel threatened by an adult.
D) Observing children at play helps adults understand them better.
E) Play encourages children to relax and so reduces their anxiety and defensiveness.
Q2) Which of the following statements would Virginia Axline disagree with?
A) The therapist must completely accept the child who is in therapy.
B) The therapist should never criticize the child in therapy.
C) The therapist should provide a good deal of praise and encouragement.
D) The therapist must establish a climate of permis?siveness.
E) The therapist recognizes the child's feelings and attempt to reflect them back to the child.
Q3) Play Analysis was an approach to therapy developed by ________ ________.
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Page 12