Developmental Psychology Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology examines the psychological growth and changes that occur across the human lifespan, from infancy through old age. The course explores key theories, research methods, and empirical findings related to cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development. Topics include attachment, language acquisition, identity formation, moral reasoning, and the influence of family, peers, and culture. By understanding developmental milestones and variations, students gain insights into the factors that shape human behavior and learn how development influences education, parenting, and social policies.
Recommended Textbook Children and Their Development 6th Edition by Robert V. Kail
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15 Chapters
2709 Verified Questions
2709 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Olivia wants to find out how many calories children of various ages consume.She asks parents of children aged 2 to 6 to bring their children to the laboratory for an hour session.While there,children are encouraged to eat as much as they want.Which of the following designs is Olivia using?
A)longitudinal
B)microgenetic
C)cross-sectional
D)longitudinal-sequential
Answer: C
Q2) Using self-reports is a special case of using tasks to measure children's behavior.Describe the strengths and weaknesses of self-reports.
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points:
\(\bullet\)Strengths:
o Can lead directly to information on the topic of interest
o Relatively convenient (especially when administered to groups of children or adolescents)
\(\bullet\)Weakness:
o Children's answers are sometimes inaccurate due to response bias
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chromosomes consist of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In vitro fertilization is a procedure in which
A)an egg is fertilized by sperm in a laboratory dish and then placed in the mother's uterus.
B)sperm is injected into the mother's uterus to fertilize her egg.
C)a fertilized egg is extracted from one woman's uterus and then placed in another woman's uterus.
D)a surrogate mother is used to carry another couple's developing fetus.
Answer: A
Q3) In twin studies,it is assumed that heredity influences a characteristic if fraternal twins are more alike than identical twins.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn
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228 Verified Questions
228 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women in their 40s are more likely to give birth to babies with Down syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Amanda is pregnant and has high blood pressure,protein in her urine,and swollen ankles.Amanda appears to have
A)preeclampsia.
B)a prolapsed umbilical cord.
C)cephalopelvic disproportion.
D)a baby lying in an irregular position.
Answer: A
Q3) While giving birth,Jutta is informed that her baby is in a breech presentation.What does that mean?
A)Jutta's baby is presenting in a feet-first or buttocks-first position.
B)Jutta's baby is lying in a sideways position across the cervix.
C)Jutta's baby is presenting in a head-first position.
D)Jutta's baby is presenting in an arms-first position.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Paul is a typical obese child,he
A)has many friends.
B)is the only one in his family who is overweight.
C)is at risk for many medical problems.
D)feels positively about himself.
Q2) According to one longitudinal study,children who gradually slept less between sixth and eighth grade had the most symptoms of depression and the largest drop in self-esteem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The pituitary gland signals other glands to secrete hormones that stimulate pubertal changes in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adolescent girls are more likely to develop anorexia when
A)they perceive themselves to be of normal weight.
B)their mothers are satisfied with their own weights.
C)their parents are autocratic.
D)they ignore the cultural ideals of the female body.
Q5) What are the characteristics of malnourishment and how should it be treated?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thomas and Alva should begin to be concerned about a possible hearing impairment if their infant son does not begin to imitate speech sounds and simple words by
A)1 month of age.
B)4 months of age.
C)6 months of age.
D)12 months of age.
Q2) Most infants cannot coordinate the motions of their hands until they are 12 months old.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE of the cause and treatment of ADHD?
A)Drug therapy alone is not very effective in treating hyperactivity.
B)Academic and social skills are best treated with a combination of medication and other treatment.
C)ADHD usually is caused by the child's diet.
D)There is no evidence that heredity contributes to the incidence of ADHD.
Q4) Describe what is known about how well infants can smell,taste,and feel.
Q5) Discuss what is known about infant depth perception and the visual cliff,drawing on the research by Gibson and Walk.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first indication of purposeful,goal-directed behavior occurs during infancy at around 8 months of age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe three important characteristics of preoperational thinking.
Q3) When concrete operational and formal operational thinkers are asked to combine a number of clear liquids to produce a blue liquid
A)neither the concrete operational child,nor the formal operational adolescent,test the combinations of liquids in a systematic manner.
B)only the concrete operational child tests the combinations of liquids in a systematic manner.
C)only the formal operational child tests the combinations of liquids in a systematic manner.
D)both the concrete operational child and the formal operational adolescent test the combinations of liquids in a systematic manner.
Q4) Assimilation and accommodation are usually in balance,or equilibrium.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following countries do students show the LOWEST math achievement?
A)Japan
B)Taiwan
C)Korea
D)the United States
Q2) Although research shows that children become more effective problem solvers as they get older,even young children sometimes show remarkable problem-solving skills.
A)True
B)False
Q3) After Tina outlined a chapter in her textbook,she answered questions in her study guide to see whether outlining was helping her learn the information in the chapter.Tina was __________ the effectiveness of her memory strategy.
A)rehearsing
B)monitoring
C)scripting
D)distorting
Q4) Name and briefly describe the three basic principles of counting.
Q5) What are some factors that contribute to improved reading comprehension?
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Creativity is associated with convergent thinking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the method that Binet and Simon used to score their intelligence scale,a 7-year-old child who could solve correctly problems that the average 8-year-old could solve would have a mental age (MA)of
A)7 years.
B)7 years,6 months.
C)8 years.
D)9 years.
Q3) Scores from infant intelligence tests are highly related to later IQ scores.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Environments which encourage __________ are not likely to produce many creative children.
A)conventional thinking
B)taking risks
C)working hard
D)flexibility in thinking
Q5) Compare and contrast creativity and intelligence in terms of thinking.
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When does conversational turn-taking between parents and children usually begin?
A)before or soon after infants say their first word
B)when children are about 2 years of age
C)when children are about 3 years of age
D)when children begin school
Q2) When do toddlers experience their first vocabulary spurt (naming explosion)?
A)between 12 and 16 months
B)between 18 to 20 months
C)between 2 and 2 ½ years
D)between 3 and 3 ½ years
Q3) The basic building blocks of language that are used to form words are called A)morphemes.
B)grammars.
C)lexicals.
D)phonemes.
Q4) When an unfamiliar word is heard,children will assume that the word refers to an object that is present that does not have a name.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name and briefly describe the four different elements of language.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attachment is an enduring social-emotional relationship.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What advice would you give to parents who want their infants to become securely attached to them?
A)Have a rigid personality style.
B)Don't reinforce infant crying by responding whenever your child cries.
C)Place children in full time day care before their first birthday.
D)Respond to your infant predictably and sensitively.
Q3) The majority of American babies have __________ attachment relationships.
A)disorganized (disoriented)
B)resistant
C)avoidant
D)secure
Q4) Name the four primary types of attachment relationships observed by Ainsworth.Describe the typical reaction of infants with each type of attachment to the separation and reunion episodes of the Strange Situation procedure.
Q5) Temperament during infancy is not related to temperament later in life.
A)True
B)False
12
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Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about parent-child relations during adolescence is true?
A)Parent-adolescent relations can be accurately summed up as being full of storm-and-stress.
B)Parent-adolescent relationships become more egalitarian throughout adolescence.
C)Parents and adolescents continue to spend the same amount of time together as they did when the adolescent was a child.
D)Adolescents show their parents more affection than they did as children.
Q2) As individuals move from early adolescence to young adulthood,Marcia's __________ and __________ identity statuses become less common while __________ and __________ become more common.
A)achievement,moratorium;foreclosure,diffusion
B)moratorium,diffusion;foreclosure,achievement
C)foreclosure,moratorium;diffusion,achievement
D)foreclosure,diffusion;moratorium,achievement
Q3) Prejudice decreases when children role play being the victims of prejudice.
A)True
B)False
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13
Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behavior
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177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-control is improved when parent-child interactions are dialogues,filled with suggestions and negotiations,rather than monologues.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which child would be most likely to act altruistically?
A)a child who does not feel responsible for the person in need
B)a child who believes that there are few costs associated with the act
C)a child who is in a bad mood
D)a child who feels that she doesn't have the skills necessary to help
Q3) Describe three skills that underlie prosocial behavior.
Q4) Many scientists believe that humans are biologically predisposed to be helpful,to share,to cooperate,and to be concerned for others.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe and give examples of the following types of aggression: instrumental,hostile,reactive,and relational.
Q6) Aggressive children cannot be trained to interpret others' intentions correctly.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boys' interactions with each other are typically enabling.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Maccoby and Jacklin (1974),which of the following is an established gender difference?
A)Girls are more social than boys.
B)Boys have higher self-esteem than girls.
C)Girls have less achievement motivation than boys.
D)Boys are more aggressive than girls.
Q3) Matthew,a preschooler,sees a boy playing with dolls.Matthew is likely to
A)also want to play with dolls.
B)not yet understand that the boy is engaged in cross-gender play.
C)tease the boy for playing with dolls.
D)be accepting of the boy even though he knows that he is playing with a girls' toy.
Q4) Androgyny is
A)more beneficial for girls than for boys.
B)more beneficial for boys than for girls.
C)equally beneficial for boys and girls.
D)harmful to both boys and girls.
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Chapter 14: Family Relationships
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Influential grandparents are similar to supportive grandparents,but they do not take on parental roles.
A)True
B)False
Q2) 84 Which of the following is TRUE of first-born children compared to later-born children?
A)First-borns have lower scores on intelligence tests.
B)First-borns are more willing to conform to parents' and adults' requests.
C)First-borns are more innovative.
D)First-borns are more popular with peers.
Q3) 32 Within the United States,parents with lower socioeconomic status tend to be _____________ than are parents of higher socioeconomic status. Here is another example.-KM
A)more controlling and more punitive
B)less controlling and less punitive
C)warmer and more lenient
D)more univolved
Q4) Children often imitate physical punishment.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Influences Beyond the Family
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198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) 67 In groups of young boys,the leader is most often determined on the basis of A)size and strength.
B)grades in school.
C)attractiveness.
D)creativity.
Q2) When children play alone or watch others play it is called A)nonsocial play.
B)parallel play.
C)onlooker play.
D)associative play.
Q3) Early dating with many different partners is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
A)drug use.
B)lower grades.
C)popularity.
D)less satisfying romantic relationships in adulthood.
Q4) 157 Most preschoolers understand the persuasive intent of television commercials and know that commercials are not always truthful.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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