Developmental Psychology Final Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of human growth and change throughout the lifespan, from conception to old age. The course examines major theories and research in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, considering factors such as genetics, environment, culture, and individual differences. Students will gain an understanding of developmental milestones, normative and atypical trajectories, and the interplay between biological, psychological, and social influences on development. Real-world applications to education, parenting, health, and social policy will also be discussed.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering the Life Span 2nd Edition by Feldman
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Management and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The division manager's inability to motivate his employees may be a sign of weak ________ skills.
A)technical
B)human
C)conceptual
D)organizational
Answer: B
Q2) Social media is a communications tool which should not be used by managers to
A)publish one-way messages to employees
B)manage human resources
C)tap into innovation and talent
D)share ideas with anyone outside the company
Answer: A
Q3) Managers who actively make use of social media ________.
A)show poor sales results due to waste of time online
B)perform more disciplinary acts due to discovering employee posted infractions
C)have better sales revenues than those who don't
D)find that it is a poor tool for managing human resources
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Organizational Culture and the Organizational Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) An Internet-based company facing many new competitors and frequent technological breakthroughs is operating in what kind of environment?
A)divergent
B)static
C)flexible
D)dynamic
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following views of managerial impact is useful in explaining the high turnover among college/university and professional sports coaches who are often fired or replaced when their teams perform poorly?
A)symbolic
B)omnipotent
C)reflective
D)dynamic
Answer: B
Q3) Subcultures give the organization its distinct personality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Managing Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diversity must be integrated into every aspect of the business including ________.
A)environmental policies
B)annual reports
C)communities served
D)monitoring inefficiencies
Answer: C
Q2) In terms of workplace diversity,the new Millennium has witnessed increased focus on
A)complying with laws and regulations relating to Employment Equity
B)assimilating women and visible minorities into the executive suite
C)ensuring that corporate leaders are highly trained male role models
D)embracing diversity and inclusion for profitability,and business growth
Answer: D
Q3) It has been suggested that ________ explains why women don't get the top jobs.
A)job analysis
B)a leadership ambition gap
C)diversity initiatives
D)increase in lateral promotions
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Managing in a Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following international expansion strategies involves the lowest level of risk and investment?
A)exporting
B)franchising
C)licensing
D)strategic alliances
Q2) Which of the following would you find in a country with a large power distance?
A)Society accepts only narrow differences in responsibility in organizations.
B)Titles carry little importance,but status power is high.
C)People show little respect for those in authority.
D)Titles,rank,and status all are viewed as important.
Q3) A command economy is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Solidarity in the European Union is being undermined by protectionist pressures in some member countries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In a short essay,describe the Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Managing Entrepreneurially
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Q1) Rob is the new bookkeeper at your one-year-old company.Your business provides travellers in North America with access to people's apartments for rent for short-term accommodation.Your biggest competition is Air BnB.You have noticed that your website traffic is going up exponentially as word is spreading,and there are starting to be occasional system crashes and lost reservations.You need to rebuild your servers and related infrastructure,but your cash flow is not keeping up with the reinvestment required.Because you had planned carefully for this event,you knew this time might come.It is time to call in a potential investor to provide a capital injection because your ________ is/are lagging behind increasing demand.
A)employees' skills
B)technical knowledge
C)market exposure
D)annual profits
Q2) In one survey it was discovered that the biggest source of ideas for entrepreneurial ventures is ________.
A)family and friends' suggestions
B)personal hobbies
C)working in the same industry
D)other innovative products
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Managing Responsibly and Ethically
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basic convictions about what is right and wrong are known as ________.
A)moral development
B)ego strength
C)locus of control
D)values
Q2) Because shared values influence the way work is done,employees can become more enthusiastic about working together to support the values they believe in.This illustrates which purpose of shared organizational values?
A)Guide managers' decisions and actions.
B)Control employee behaviour.
C)Influence marketing efforts.
D)Build team spirit.
Q3) A manager who believes that "I worked hard and met the productivity goals despite poor economic conditions" is displaying what personality attribute?
A)high ethical integrity
B)high moral development
C)high internal locus of control
D)high external locus of control
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Chapter 7: Innovation and Adaptability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lewin's three-step process treats change simply as a break in the organization's equilibrium state.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Organizational development techniques seek to bring about change in which of the basic change categories?
A)structure
B)people
C)mission
D)processes
Q3) In a short essay,describe and discuss the four main reasons that people resist change.Include examples of each reason to support your answer.
Q4) Frequent interunit communication helps to facilitate innovation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Minimal structural and physical barriers allow employees to share information and foster adaptability.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important element in making decisions using evidence-based management (EBMgt)is to consider ________.
A)using the rational decision-making process
B)applying design thinking to problems
C)opinions,preferences and values of all stakeholders
D)alternatives that are good enough for the situation
Q2) Last week when Frank asked Mike how his presentation to a large Japanese car maker went,Mike replied,"My presentation was brilliant! They loved me! I am positive we will get the contract!" Mike's overly positive view of his performance demonstrates which of the following?
A)confirmation bias
B)hindsight bias
C)overconfidence bias
D)escalation of commitment
Q3) Rules of thumb that managers use to simplify decision making are called
A)intuition
B)heuristics
C)satisficing
D)bounded rationality
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Chapter 9: Foundations of Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasingly in today's world of innovative entrepreneurs we see goals that may not be realistic.These goals are ________.
A)strategic goals
B)long-term plans
C)stretch goals
D)single-use goals
Q2) Goals are different from plans because ________.
A)goals describe financial objectives,and plans describe objectives related to social responsibility
B)goals are important only for small companies,and plans are important only for large companies
C)goals are desired outcomes,and plans describe how those outcomes will be accomplished
D)goals are set by lower level managers,and plans are set by the executives
Q3) Directional plans provide ________,while specific plans provide ________.
A)clarity; flexibility
B)flexibility; clarity
C)urgency; flexibility
D)specificity; urgency
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Managing Strategically
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Sample Questions
Q1) WestJet Airlines is an example of a company that has used the low-cost leader strategy to compete in the Canadian airline industry.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Design thinking gives organizations a competitive advantage by ________.
A)applying diversification strategy
B)creating new alternatives to problems
C)applying differentiation strategy
D)increasing organizational strengths
Q3) Which of the following provides a framework for understanding diverse businesses and helps managers establish priorities for allocating resources?
A)differentiation strategy
B)vertical integration
C)corporate portfolio matrix
D)strategic business unit
Q4) In a short essay,describe in detail the concept of first mover in business strategy and relate it to being an innovative organization.Give examples of specific companies pursuing this strategy as well as advantages and disadvantages of first movers.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Designing Organizational Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) A simple organizational structure is characterized by ________.
A)high departmentalization
B)wide spans of control
C)decentralized authority
D)high formalization
Q2) If John were able to organize their structure based on product flow they would be using ________ departmentalization.
A)product
B)process
C)functional
D)geographical
Q3) Twenty years ago,Digital Arts had a ________ structure.
A)matrix
B)functional
C)simple
D)mechanistic
Q4) In a short essay,briefly describe the four contemporary organizational designs and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each.Give examples of organizations that fit into each design.
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Chapter 12: Managers and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changing technology is a significant source of environmental uncertainly for organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ________ have the ability to improve work for managers and employees.
A)Clear technology use policies
B)Global online sourcing websites
C)Wireless communication technologies
D)Robotic office assistants
Q3) The memo represents which part of the communication process?
A)feedback
B)decoding
C)message
D)channel
Q4) Gestures,facial expressions,and leaning toward a person are all examples of ________.
A)verbal intonation
B)body language
C)feedback
D)distractions
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Chapter 13: Managing Human Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is a pay system that rewards employees for the proficiencies and competencies they can demonstrate.
A)Incentive pay
B)Merit-based pay
C)Job evaluation pay
D)Skill-based pay
Q2) One of the final activities of the human resource management process ensures ________.
A)that the organization retains competent and high-performing employees
B)the best compensation packages for the new hires
C)that employees are continuously provided with up-to-date knowledge and skills
D)that a detail job analysis and skills inventory is in place
Q3) An organization that wants to have high-performance work practices should discourage self-managed teams and decentralized decision-making.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Written essay and critical incident are performance appraisal methods.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Leadership
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Sample Questions
Q1) One approach that Robert considers is ________ leadership,where the leaders have a profound effect on followers and inspire them to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization.
A)visionary
B)transactional
C)transformational
D)situational
Q2) Unethical leaders may use their charisma to enhance their power over followers. A)True
B)False
Q3) The University of Iowa studies found that group members' satisfaction levels were generally highest under which of the following leadership style?
A)transformational B)democratic C)supportive
D)laissez-faire
Q4) In a short essay,differentiate between transactional and transformational leaders,and how transformational leaders differ from charismatic leaders.Give specific examples of leaders you feel fit each type.
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Chapter 15: Motivating Employees
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of open-book management is to help employees understand the strategic goals of the organization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jill has improved the reward program so that the bonus for meeting sales quotas is much higher than ever before.Jill has altered which variable or relationship in Vroom's expectancy theory?
A)instrumentality
B)expectancy
C)valence
D)performance-reward linkage
Q3) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,lower-order needs are predominantly satisfied internally while higher-order needs are satisfied externally.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Managers using reinforcement theory to motivate employees should ignore,not punish,undesirable behaviour.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Managing Groups and Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert is the CEO of a manufacturing plant.He believes that smaller teams are more effective than bigger ones.Do you think this is the right strategy? Explain in detail all the considerations why group size should be a concern when forming teams.
Q2) Grace has agreed to conduct market analysis and bring the results to the next project meeting.Grace is performing a ________ role.
A)socio-emotional
B)relationship-oriented
C)maintenance
D)task-accomplishment
Q3) Cross-functional teams are composed of people from different work areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The temporary groups that would be created to achieve a special task,then disband,are known as ________.
A)self-managed teams
B)task groups
C)command groups
D)cross-functional teams
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Chapter 17: Evidence-Based Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sam wants controls that provide information on how effective his planning efforts have been.He would also like controls that can enhance employee motivation.To accomplish both,the best choice is ________ controls.
A)applied
B)feedforward
C)concurrent
D)feedback
Q2) The accumulated end results of all the organization's work processes and activities are called ________.
A)organizational performance
B)organizational planning
C)scenario planning
D)feedback control
Q3) The criterion that determines the effectiveness of a control system is how well it reduces unnecessary costs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a short essay,explain feedforward,concurrent,and feedback controls and provide an example for each one.
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