Developmental Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of human growth and change across the lifespan, from conception through old age. This course examines key theories, research findings, and methodologies related to the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of individuals. Core topics include prenatal and early childhood development, language acquisition, identity formation, social relationships, and aging. Students will analyze how biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors interact to influence behavior and development at different life stages, as well as consider contemporary issues and applications in developmental science.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Life Span View 6th Edition by Robert
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Page 2
V. Kail
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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199 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Salem has decided to do a correlational study on the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. How might this research be conducted? What are the major disadvantages of this type of research approach?
Answer: In a correlational study, two variables are studies as they exist in the natural world. Thus, a researcher could find data on how many people smoke and how many of those people have lung cancer. The main disadvantage is the inability to determine a cause-effect relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
Q2) Compensation cannot involve the learning of a new skill.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In a life-cycle model, the timing of an event has little influence on the type of impact it has on behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Erik Erikson is best associated with _____ theory.
Answer: psychosocial
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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal
Development, and Birth
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Q1) Which best exemplifies the concept of incomplete dominance?
A) An individual with two alleles for baldness who has long hair
B) An individual with two alleles for shyness who is shy
C) An individual with one allele for obesity and another for thinness who is of average weight
D) An individual with a single allele for aggression who is violent
Answer: C
Q2) The condition of hypoxia involves a reduction in the flow of oxygen to the brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The sample taken during an amniocentesis comes from
A) the lining of the uterus.
B) inside the body of the fetus.
C) the fluid surrounding the fetus.
D) the umbilical cord.
Answer: C
Q4) DNA is short for _____ acid.
Answer: deoxyribonucleic
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Chapter 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical,
Perceptual, and Motor Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Breast-fed babies are ill less often than bottle-fed babies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What infant response did Gibson and Walk (1960) measure in their visual cliff research?
A) Heart rate
B) Visual acuity
C) Muscle tone
D) Visual fixation
Answer: A
Q3) Dr. Moreau is planning a demonstration on infant visual perception for her developmental psychology class. In order to demonstrate the sharpness of an infant's vision at 20 feet, Dr. Moreau should have students look at an object about ____ feet away.
A) 200-400
B) 100-150
C) 40-50
D) 15-20
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language:
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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Q1) Two-year-old Ariel's parents recently bought her an aquarium and have begun to point at the moving animals and call them "fish." Despite having only heard the word "fish" a few times, Ariel appears to realize that the term refers to those little moving things in the tank. Ariel's behavior is best explained by A) infant-directed speech.
B) the one-to-one principle.
C) fast-mapping.
D) the cardinality principle.
Q2) While attempting to correctly answer this question, you notice that you are mentally commenting to yourself about its level of difficulty. Vygotsky would refer to these internal mental remarks as
A) private speech.
B) scaffolding.
C) an orienting response.
D) overextension.
Q3) Discuss any three methods by which young children acquire the meaning of words.
Q4) _____ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response originally produced by a different stimulus.
Q5) Describe three limitations of Piaget's theory, according to critics.
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Chapter 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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Q1) Erikson suggested that a child who is able to successfully balance autonomy with shame and doubt will develop a sense of _____.
Q2) Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is
A) low.
B) high.
C) not known in advance.
D) expected to be immediately recouped.
Q3) _____ is the actual experiencing of another's feelings.
Q4) Which would least likely be found in a description of "boys play?"
A) Competitive
B) Cooperative
C) Rough
D) Intimidation
Q5) Pain is considered one of the basic emotions.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Understanding that a preschool boy must grow up to be a man represents a comprehension of gender _____.
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Q7) Having a sense of yourself as male or female is best described as your gender
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Chapter 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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Q1) The memory strategy of _____ involves structuring information so that related information is placed together.
Q2) Analytic ability involves the ability to know that a plan will work.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Increases in working memory size can positively impact reading comprehension.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe any six of Gardner's types of intelligences.
Q5) The correlation between a child's IQ and his or her biological parents IQ gets stronger as the child gets older.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which best describes the hierarchical view of intelligence?
A) It consists entirely of general intelligence
B) It consists entirely of broad categories of intelligence
C) It consists entirely of specific skills
D) It consists of general intelligence, categories, and specific skills
Q7) The formula used for calculating IQ is _____.
Q8) The intuitive understanding of memory is called _____. Page 9
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Chapter 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pablo is a troubled eight-year-old. He is very upset about the fact that he lost his cap. Pablo is most likely to seek support from
A) his teacher.
B) his close friends.
C) his mother.
D) a police officer.
Q2) Parenting styles vary both across cultures and within cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) First-born children score higher on intelligence tests than later-born children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Children who are aggressive tend to come from families with _________ parenting styles.
A) authoritarian or authoritative
B) uninvolved or authoritarian
C) authoritative or permissive
D) permissive or uninvolved
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Q5) Voluntary and mutual liking between two people is the definition of _____.
Q6) _____ parenting combines warmth and caring but little parental control.
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Chapter 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive
Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spermarche is defined as the initial production of sperm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Early maturation has been shown to increase sexuality in
A) European-American and Latina females.
B) European-American and African American females.
C) Latina and African-American females.
D) European-American, Latina, and African-American females.
Q3) Which concept is best associated with increased content knowledge?
A) Increased expertise
B) Increased memory capacity
C) Increased processing speed
D) Increased metacognitive skills
Q4) Adolescents tend to rely less on heuristics and more on analytical problem-solving. A)True
B)False
Q5) During an ad_____ argument, the claims must be true because most people believe them.
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Q6) Gilligan's approach to describing moral reasoning emphasize _____ over justice.
Chapter 9: Moving into the Adult Social World:
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) At age 5, Pat set a neighbor's house on fire. At age 10, he burned down a barn. At age 20, he set his old high school on fire. Pat's behavior best exemplifies
A) life-course persistent antisocial behavior.
B) learned helplessness.
C) adolescent-limited antisocial behavior.
D) chronic status offenses.
Q2) The belief that misfortunes only happen to others is referred to as the illusion of A) foreclosure.
B) helplessness.
C) crystallization.
D) invulnerability.
Q3) Which statement concerning cigarette smoking is true?
A) Compared with the rest of the world, American teens are heavy smokers.
B) Most teens begin to smoke when they are in tenth or eleventh grade.
C) Authoritative parenting tends to increase the risk of teen smoking.
D) Teens will tend to start smoking if they believe that it is okay to smoke.
Q4) High levels of self-absorption in teens are referred to as adolescent _____.
Q5) According to Marcia, the highest level of identity status is _____.
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Chapter 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development
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Q1) According to McAdams, a person's life story is
A) set in a single direction and uninfluenced by culture.
B) set in a single direction and influenced by culture.
C) fashioned, refashioned, and uninfluenced by culture.
D) fashioned, refashioned, and influenced by culture.
Q2) The belief that "marriage is more important than a career" is most prevalent among which age group?
A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Young adults
D) Older adults
Q3) Merlin believes that he can get what he wants if he tries hard enough. This indicates that he has _____ sense of personal control.
A) no
B) a low
C) a moderate
D) a high
Q4) Tagging a future event to a specific age by which it will be completed creates a social _____.
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Chapter 11: Being with Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
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Q1) Troy and Helen are both 55 and have been married for 20 years. However, they have grown apart and essentially live as housemates. Troy and Helen are best classified as
A) emotionally divorced.
B) empty nested.
C) being in part-time cohabitation.
D) being in a substitute marriage.
Q2) Which constitutes an "extended family?"
A) Two parents and one child
B) Two parents and six children
C) Two parents, one child, and one grandfather
D) Two cohabitating (but not married) adults
Q3) Gay and lesbian couples tend to differ from heterosexual couples in
A) the degree to which partners split household responsibilities.
B) the degree to which partners share power in the relationship.
C) the degree to which partners communicate effectively.
D) the degree to which partners share the same demographic characteristics.
Q4) Parents with fussier babies have more marital problems.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 12: Work and Leisure: Occupational and Lifestyle
Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood
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Q1) As the result of recent changes in cultural attitudes, the division of labor between heterosexual couples in the United States is now virtually equal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When workplace supervisors adopt a supportive stance regarding daycare, employees have lower absenteeism and higher job satisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ activities are discretionary activities that include things you would do for enjoyment or to relax.
Q4) Alienated employees tend to view their work as meaningless.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Between 1979 and 2006, the pay difference between equally trained males and females has
A) grown slightly large.
B) decreased slightly.
C) decreased significantly.
D) been eliminated.
Page 17
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Chapter 13: Making It in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is at the greatest risk of currently experiencing osteoporosis?
A) Martha, who is a 20-year-old female
B) George, who is a 30-year-old male
C) Mary, who is a 60-year-old female
D) Abe, who is a 70-year-old male
Q2) Adult children who feel a strong sense of responsibility to care for aging parents are said to have a sense of _____obligation.
Q3) The two key sources of stress for adults caring for their parents include the child coping with a parent's functional decline and if the care
A) is temporary.
B) is perceived as infringing on the caregiver's other responsibilities.
C) takes place in the parent's home.
D) takes place in a private facility..
Q4) Which statement is true?
A) Low levels of self-esteem predict low levels of stress
B) High levels of self-esteem predict low levels of stress
C) High levels of self-esteem predict high levels of stress
D) Stress and self-esteem are unrelated concepts
Q5) _____ is a disease characterized by severe loss of bone mass.
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Chapter 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
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Q1) A person's sleep-wake cycle is a good example of a(n) _____ rhythm.
Q2) The "fourth age" is best thought of as the "oldest-old."
A)True
B)False
Q3) When visiting your eye specialist, you are informed that you have large opaque spots on the lens of your left eye. As a knowledgeable student, you would know that this means that you have
A) presbyopia.
B) glaucoma.
C) a cataract.
D) myopia.
Q4) If Nathan is prescribed ____ for his depression, he will have to be very careful about what kinds of food he eats.
A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
B) monoamine oxidase inhibitors
C) cognitive therapy
D) an amyloid
Q5) Deliberate, conscious recall that is remembered at a specific time is called _____ memory.
Q6) Define wisdom. Define creativity. How are each related to age? Page 19
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Chapter 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial,
Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues
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Q1) All of these individuals are over 70 years old. Who is most likely to be satisfied with their life?
A) Sergi, who has a close relationships with one of his sons
B) Dimitri, who has close relationships with all six of her children
C) Karl, who has a close relationship with one friend who is not a member of his family
D) Ernst, who has a close relationship with many friends who are not members of his family
Q2) Describe the difference between a "crisp" and a "blurred" retirement. How do bridge jobs relate to this distinction?
Q3) When you are at your "adaptation level," your
A) behavior and affect are abnormal.
B) behavior is normal and your affect is abnormal.
C) behavior is abnormal and your affect is normal.
D) behavior and affect are normal.
Q4) Widows tend to experience greater financial hardships than widowers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a life review? How is this related to achieving integrity?
Page 21
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Chapter 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement
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Q1) Stacey has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. She is currently going to different doctors to determine whether her diagnosis is correct. Stacey is probably in the ____ stage of dying.
A) depression
B) anger
C) denial
D) bargaining
Q2) The feelings that arise after someone near us dies are called A) mourning.
B) grief.
C) docility.
D) bereavement.
Q3) The defining element of separation distress during prolonged grief is that it A) interferes with daily activities.
B) must involve a child-parent dyad.
C) is based on disbelief about death.
D) is an emotionless reaction.
Q4) _____ was the final stage in Kübler-Ross's original sequence model of dying.
Q5) _____ concerns the way we express our grief.
Q6) Hospice is best thought of as an approach and not a physical place. Explain.
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