Developmental Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of human growth and change across the lifespan, from infancy through old age. This course examines major theories and research findings related to cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development, considering both universal stages and individual differences. Topics include attachment, language acquisition, moral development, identity formation, and the impact of family, culture, and environment on development. Students will gain insight into how humans adapt at various life stages and how developmental knowledge can be applied in educational, clinical, and everyday settings.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Psychology Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature 5th Edition by Randy Larsen
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
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Q1) Studying how people vary in levels of anxiety, self-esteem, or worry represents a/an _____ approach to studying personality psychology.
A)individual differences
B)human nature
C)ideographic
D)environmental
Answer: A
Q2) Lillian is interested in how borderline personality disorder affects everyday behaviors in a clinical population.She most likely will use the methods and the models of the _____ domain of personality in conducting her research.
A)dispositional
B)biological
C)adjustment
D)intrapsychic
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design
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Q1) Jacques is interested in finding out if caffeine affects levels of task performance for introverts and extraverts.From which research method would Jacques benefit the most?
A)Case study
B)Correlational design
C)Experimental design
D)Naturalistic observation
Answer: C
Q2) One strength of experience-sampling data is that
A)one is able to detect rhythms over time in behavior or feelings.
B)it is easier to collect than other self-report data.
C)it is a completely objective form of self-report data.
D)it is free of biases associated with other self-report data.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is the best reason for collecting self-report data?
A)Individuals have access to a wealth of information about themselves.
B)Observer bias is very difficult to remove from the data.
C)The desire to portray oneself in a positive light is very prevalent.
D)There is an almost total lack of bias in self-report data.
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
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Q1) Roberto is interested in studying the trait of empathy using the act frequency approach.He asks each of the participants in this phase of his study to write down several behaviors highly empathetic people might perform.Roberto collects a pool of 251 empathetic acts.This is called the act _____ procedure of the act frequency approach.
A)nominalization
B)nomenclature
C)nomination
D)nomothetic
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of the act frequency approach to studying personality?
A)The amount of context for the performance of acts is not specified by the act frequency approach.
B)The act frequency approach does not assess acts that are covert or directly observable.
C)The act frequency approach assesses explicit behavioral phenomenon.
D)The act frequency approach may not assess complex traits easily or accurately.
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
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Q1) If a psychologist thinks a truthful person is "faking good," the psychologists has A)demonstrated a false positive.
B)demonstrated a false negative.
C)created a response set.
D)created a criterion problem.
Q2) Whenever Ling walks into a room everyone always smiles and seeks him out for conversation.He does not understand why people react to him that that way.Most likely Ling is demonstrating the idea of A)evocation.
B)equivocation.
C)elocution.
D)elation.
Q3) The concept of aggregation suggests that traits are A)internal causes.
B)mere descriptions.
C)average tendencies.
D)blended concepts.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability,
Coherence, and Change
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Q1) The effects on individuals of living through the first gulf war is an example of A)cohort effects.
B)generational effects.
C)historical byproducts.
D)longitudinal effects.
Q2) The Mills College longitudinal study of women found that homemakers' level of independence at age 21 versus that at age 43 suggests that
A)being a homemaker requires much more independence than originally believed.
B)homemakers' independence scores are likely to change little with age.
C)the roles women adopt are irrelevant to changes in independence.
D)the role a college-educated woman has in life is irrelevant to changes in personality.
Q3) Research suggests that traits from the five-factor model _____ mean level changes with age.
A)do not show
B)show small
C)show moderate
D)show large
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
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Q1) Sharon scores high on the sensation seeking scale.There is nothing she likes better then to seek out thrills like skydiving or bungee jumping.Sharon seeks out these high-risk behaviors due to a _____ genotype-environment correlation.
A)reactive
B)aggressive
C)active
D)evocative
Q2) The goal of the Human Genome Project is to
A)identify which genes are related to personality.
B)identify the particular sequence of DNA molecules in humans.
C)identify genotypic variance.
D)solve the nature-nurture debate once and for all.
Q3) Most studies linking a specific gene to personality
A)fail to find a relationship.
B)find that the gene accounts for a small percentage of variance.
C)find that the gene accounts for a moderate percentage of variance.
D)find that the gene accounts for a large percentage of variance.
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8
Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
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Q1) Disruptions in sleep-wake cycles due to long airline flights that pass through many time zones are best tolerated by
A)Morning types, if the flights are eastbound.
B)Evening types, if the flights are westbound.
C)Morning types, regardless of the direction of the flight.
D)Evening types, regardless of the direction of the flight.
Q2) People with Type A personality show
A)lower levels of cardiovascular reactivity.
B)higher levels of cardiovascular reactivity.
C)higher levels of electrodermal activity.
D)lower levels of electrodermal activity.
Q3) Hebb's theory of an optimal level of arousal was controversial as it hypothesized that individuals
A)seek out tension and stimulation as well as try to reduce tension in the body.
B)seek out higher levels of tension without a means for reducing that tension in the body.
C)cannot maintain an optimal low arousal for significant period of time.
D)are punished when the individual is not in a state of optimal arousal.
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Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
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Q1) These are all components of differential gene reproduction EXCEPT
A)successful mate competition.
B)success at being chosen as a mate.
C)successful group selection.
D)successful survival skills.
Q2) Humans may have evolved _____, so that they may notice and remember those individual differences that are most relevant for solving social-adaptive problems.
A)difference detecting mechanisms
B)individual differences
C)unrestricted mate competition
D)the five factor model of personality
Q3) More homicides can be explained by _____ than any of the other evolutionary phenomenon.
A)intrasexual competition
B)intersexual competition
C)frequency dependent selection
D)the human need to belong
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10
Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and urges from reaching consciousness.
A)Repression
B)Projection
C)Denial
D)Sublimation
Q2) A conflict between the id and the ego results in _____ anxiety.
A)objective
B)neurotic
C)moral
D)social
Q3) You are answering this question.Therefore, Freud would say the information is in the _____ (mind.)
A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)unconscious
D)metacognitive
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11
Chapter 10: Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karen Horney believed that
A)biological processes were the primary determinants of behavior.
B)social influence was a more important factor then biological processes.
C)separate psychological theories were needed for men and women.
D)culture imposed similar standards on both men and women.
Q2) According to Erikson, each stage of development
A)does not involve a crisis.
B)could only be resolved either adaptively.
C)was more sexual than social.
D)could result in fixation and arrested development.
Q3) Research participants who are subliminally primed with the word "candy" would probably
A)have an unexplainable urge to eat candy.
B)recognize that they were being manipulated, but still desire candy.
C)be quicker to recognize the word candy a few minutes later.
D)be slower to recognize the word candy a few minutes later.
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Chapter 11: Motives and Personality
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Q1) A parent may withhold love from a child unless they earn good grades.Rogers would cite this as an example of A)bullying.
B)positive regard.
C)conditions of worth.
D)low need for intimacy.
Q2) People who score high on the need for achievement
A)prefer moderately challenging activities.
B)enjoy tasks where they are personally responsible for outcomes.
C)prefer tasks where feedback is available.
D)All of these.
Q3) People who score high on the need for intimacy are very concerned with A)having impact.
B)making money.
C)a desire for relationships.
D)a desire for understanding.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Topics in Personality
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Q1) _____ describes the transformation of sensory information to mental representations, and the manipulation of those representations.
A)Explanatory style
B)Life tasks
C)Interpretation
D)Information processing
Q2) A person who scores low in _____ may do well in school, but have difficulty in most other areas of life.
A)kinesthetic intelligence
B)aptitude intelligence
C)emotional intelligence
D)All of these
Q3) _____ is observed when people passively endure an uncomfortable situation.
A)Learned helplessness
B)Passive endurance
C)Internalized anxiety
D)"Freezing"
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14
Chapter 13: Emotion and Personality
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Q1) People who score high on affect intensity
A)experience only negative emotions more strongly than people who score low.
B)experience more physiological arousal than people who score low.
C)experience less physiological arousal than people who score low.
D)Both A and B.
Q2) People who score high on neuroticism
A)take a dimensional view of emotions.
B)take a categorical view of emotions.
C)are irritated by many things.
D)take a categorical view of emotions and are irritated by many things.
Q3) Pictures designed to create an emotional reaction would be used
A)in the emotional Stroop task.
B)in a mood induction.
C)to assess Type A personality.
D)All of these.
Q4) A person who scores low on affect intensity
A)never experiences strong emotions.
B)experiences negative emotions more frequently than a person who scores high.
C)experiences strong emotions less frequently than a person who scores high.
D)All of these.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
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Q1) A positive aspect of defensive pessimism is that
A)it helps transform anxiety into pleasure.
B)it leads to motivation.
C)other people find it attractive.
D)All of these.
Q2) Individual differences in short-term self-evaluations refer to the dimension of
A)self-esteem variability.
B)global self-esteem.
C)promotion focus.
D)prevention focus.
Q3) People who are socially anxious
A)are less likely to ask for help.
B)are often perceived as unfriendly.
C)do not want to have friends.
D)are less likely to ask for help and are often perceived as unfriendly.
Q4) People are especially sensitive to events that change their sense of self in A)early childhood.
B)late adolescence.
C)middle adulthood.
D)late adulthood.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the deliberate, manipulative style of behavior that uses other individuals for personal gain.
A)Dictatorialism
B)Machiavellianism
C)Zoroasterism
D)Rastafarianism
Q2) The following are all characteristics of narcissism EXCEPT
A)being grandiose.
B)being exploitative.
C)being self-centered.
D)apathetic behavior.
Q3) A study showed that when people had to interact with a person who they expected to be a hostile person they
A)were more hostile toward the person.
B)were more accommodating towards the person.
C)acted more agreeable towards the person.
D)acted more neurotic towards the person.
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Chapter 16: Sex, Gender, and Personality
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Q1) _____ refers to the traits involved with getting tasks completed in a direct, independent fashion, being self-sufficient, and working with objects.
A)Tender-mindedness
B)Gender schema
C)Expressiveness
D)Instrumentality
Q2) The theory that most emphasized differences in sexual strategies is the _____ theory.
A)social role
B)evolutionary
C)socialization
D)social learning
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a component of gender stereotypes?
A)Cognitive
B)Affective
C)Behavioral
D)Perceptual
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Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ was one of the first to suggest that emotions are universal.
A)Mead
B)Markus
C)Darwin
D)Larsen
Q2) According to Nisbett, honor is most important in
A)cultures with low variance in resources.
B)cultures with high variance in resources.
C)agricultural cultures.
D)herding cultures.
Q3) Research suggests that cooperative cultures develop
A)in cooler climates.
B)in warmer climates.
C)where resources are more variable.
D)where resources are less variable.
Q4) The tendency to present oneself using positive attributes is know as A)acculturation.
B)an independent strategy.
C)an interdependent strategy.
D)self-enhancement.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Stress, Coping, Adjustment, and Health
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Q1) Hostile Type A behavior is thought to lead to heart disease through A)primary appraisals.
B)secondary appraisals.
C)the general adaptation syndrome.
D)arteriosclerosis.
Q2) Stress is the _____ feeling produced by events that are uncontrollable or threatening.
A)objective
B)subjective
C)acute
D)chronic
Q3) In the transactional model, personality has the effect of influencing A)coping.
B)appraisals.
C)stressful events.
D)all of these
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Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
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Q1) Kody Scott, a gang member nicknamed "Monster," is a violent person who craves excitement, fears nothing, and has no guilt or remorse.Scott most likely has _____ personality disorder.
A)antisocial
B)paranoid
C)schizotypal
D)narcissistic
Q2) Which of the following is one of the biggest problems in using social and statistical definitions of abnormal?
A)Societal norms change over time.
B)It is difficult to determine what behaviors are not acceptable in a society.
C)It is difficult to collect data on atypical behaviors.
D)Every person is unique.
Q3) Men tend to have more personality disorders than women in which they
A)internalize behaviors like depression and self harm.
B)externalize behaviors like fighting and violence.
C)exhibit narcissistic behaviors like self aggrandizement.
D)exhibit obsessive-compulsive behaviors like repeatedly checking locks.
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Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
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Q1) This approach to personality dispositions suggests that each person has a distinct psychological signature in terms of the specific ______ relationships between traits and dispositions.
A)temporal
B)if-then
C)cause-effect
D)yin-yang
Q2) Researchers investigating personality from the evolutionary perspective will most likely find _____ in the future.
A)a few basic adaptations
B)a set of new adaptive problems
C)a few basic traits
D)many more psychological mechanisms than we are now aware of
Q3) Much current research in the intrapsychic domain addresses
A)the oedipal complex.
B)libido.
C)thanatos.
D)repression.
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