Developmental Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns and processes of human growth and change across the lifespan, from infancy through old age. This course examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of individuals, emphasizing major theoretical perspectives, research methods, and key milestones at each stage of life. Students will analyze how genetic, environmental, and cultural factors influence human development, and assess the impact of early experiences on later outcomes. Topics include language acquisition, attachment, identity formation, moral development, and aging, with application to real-world settings and contemporary issues.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Human Development 13th Edition by Diane E. Papalia
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19 Chapters
2586 Verified Questions
2586 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Atkinson focuses her studies on factors such as school,family,and peers.She is most interested in
A) inherited characteristics.
B) environmental factors.
C) maturational factors.
D) personality characteristics.
Answer: B
Q2) Kaylie is struggling to learn German in college.Her struggles provide evidence for which concept?
A) Critical period
B) Plasticity
C) Imprinting
D) Resilience
Answer: A
Q3) What stage of development focuses on attachment and acquiring motor skills?
A) Early childhood
B) Middle childhood
C) Infancy
D) Prenatal
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Theory and Research
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud's research stressed the importance of A) conscious behavior.
B) the role of heredity in parenting.
C) ways in which early relationships affect later ones.
D) the lack of use of recalling childhood experiences.
Answer: C
Q2) The greatest difference between a laboratory experiment and a field experiment is the degree of A) control.
B) manipulation.
C) random assignment.
D) correlation.
Answer: A
Q3) The process of modeling,or observing and imitating others,is referred to as A) classical conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) efficacious learning.
D) psychoanalytical learning.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Forming a New Life
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A procedure that can be used within the first trimester of pregnancy to test fetal cells for defective conditions is
A) amniocentesis.
B) chorionic villus sampling.
C) maternal blood test.
D) All of these
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
A) Two people can share the same genotype but have different phenotypes.
B) If two people have the same phenotype, then they must have the same genotype.
C) Dominant genes are expressed in your genotype; recessive genes are expressed in your phenotype.
D) Almost all people share the same phenotype but differ greatly in their genotype.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Birth and Physical Development During the First
Three Years
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since 1915 the maternal mortality rate has dropped from nearly 608 deaths per 100,000 live births to approximately _____ deaths per 100,000 live births in 2003.
A) 6
B) 12
C) 28
D) 42
Q2) What is the major determining factor in body type?
A) Genes
B) Vitamins
C) Medical history
D) Nutrition
Q3) Which of the following statements about the brain of the newborn is NOT true?
A) It has reached about 25% of adult weight at birth.
B) The brain grows rapidly soon after birth.
C) Its cells migrate to form networks.
D) Outer layers of the cortex develop before the inner layers.
Q4) List two of the risk factors that babies face in the first year and give an example of each.List three specific dangers that low-birth-weight babies have to face during the early months after birth.
6
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development During the First Three Years
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your text,what is the most effective use of developmental tests such as the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development?
A) To identify gifted children before they enter school
B) To provide kindergartens with additional academic information
C) To identify potential neurological deficits or emotional disturbances
D) To better predict which children will become popular or unpopular
Q2) A baby who says "da-da-da-da" is
A) babbling.
B) using telegraphic speech.
C) using a holophrase.
D) using a language acquisition device.
Q3) Developmental test scores obtained during infancy are
A) very reliable and should be administered to all infants when they visit their pediatrician.
B) strong predictors of adult IQ.
C) good predictors of childhood IQ.
D) useful to detect early sensory and neurological deficits.
Q4) List the six approaches to studying cognitive development.Choose one to define and describe its strengths and weaknesses in explaining cognitive development.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Psychosocial Development During the First
Three Years
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define empathy and discuss the role of mirror neurons in the development of empathy.
Q2) As infant Marlie giggles,her mother makes another silly face,causing Marlie to giggle more.This scenario is typical of parents who are high in A) intelligence.
B) interactional synchrony.
C) separation anxiety.
D) pain tolerance.
Q3) Nicole wants to continue to work after her son is born but is not getting much support from her extended family.List two arguments for and against Nicole's decision to continue working.
Q4) Evaluate the research presented in your text regarding the effects of postpartum depression on early development.
Q5) ______ is a consistent and enduring characteristic of personality.
A) Excitement
B) Fear
C) Boredom
D) Temperament
Q6) Discuss emotions in newborns and the roles of crying and smiling.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Environmental health steps to prevent lead poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT
A) removal of lead from paints and gasoline.
B) screening of residents in areas where the majority of the houses were built before 1950.
C) closing school buildings.
D) encouraging parents to remove chipping or peeling paints in their homes.
Q2) The Garrol family is concerned because their 3-year-old son is still not talking.Which of the following is a possible reason for the delayed language development of about 3% of preschool children?
A) Problems in fast mapping
B) Hearing problems
C) Cognitive limitations
D) All of these
Q3) Jessica cannot bring out the information that was placed in memory.She is having trouble with
A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) retention.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When describing herself at age 4,Alicia tells you she can climb trees.If you asked her to describe herself again at age 8,she would probably tell you
A) she can also run really fast.
B) she can hit a softball.
C) she is athletic.
D) she is good at counting.
Q2) If punishment is used,it is most effective when combined with A) no explanation.
B) a full explanation.
C) a short explanation.
D) a postponed explanation, so that the child will have time to think about it.
Q3) Factors that have consistently been related to prosocial behavior include A) gender of the child.
B) parents' income.
C) age of the child.
D) social status of the family.
Q4) Sara likes dressing like her brother and plays more often with his toys instead of her own "gender-specific" toys.Examine how children develop gender roles and give two reasons why Sara may behave as she does.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bart is 10 years of age and is about 40 pounds above his ideal body weight.He is more likely to
A) feel good about himself and have a good relationship with peers.
B) be at a lowered risk of depression.
C) have higher blood pressure and cholesterol.
D) be highly involved in baseball and football.
Q2) Brent's history teacher has asked him to make a timeline for important events that occurred during the Civil War.According to Piaget,what cognitive ability will Brent need to complete this project?
A) Conservation
B) Transitive inference
C) Seriation
D) Inductive reasoning
Q3) Mickey is inattentive,impulsive,and unable to sit still.He might be
A) diagnosed as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
B) subject to frequent temper tantrums.
C) easily frustrated.
D) All of these
Q4) Piaget proposed three levels of moral reasoning.Compare and contrast each of the three levels.
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Chapter 10: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a school-age child shows evidence of temper tantrums,argumentativeness,hostility,or deliberately annoying behavior,it is called
A) oppositional defiant disorder.
B) conduct disorder.
C) hyperactivity disorder.
D) unsocial disorder.
Q2) Provide two potential positive and two potential negative effects of peer relations in childhood.
Q3) Which of the following factors is NOT usually mentioned in discussions about what influences a child's adjustment to divorce?
A) The child's age or maturity level
B) Whether the child has a healthy sense of self
C) Each particular child's temperament
D) The child's psychological adjustment before the divorce
Q4) By middle childhood it appears that empathy
A) decreases with most children.
B) becomes "hard wired" with most children.
C) increases in a few children if they had empathic parents.
D) is at the same level as it was in early childhood.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following effects can sleep deprivation have?
A) Reduce concentration and performance in school
B) Increase irritability
C) Impair driving
D) All of these
Q2) The fact that the age of onset of puberty has steadily been decreasing in developed countries for the last hundred years is called a(n)
A) miracle.
B) social construction.
C) secular trend.
D) unobserved phenomenon.
Q3) The growth spurt in girls usually begins at about the age of A) 10.
B) 12.
C) 14.
D) 16.
Q4) Discuss risk taking and its connection to the adolescent brain.
Q5) Describe what puts adolescents "at risk" of not obtaining a good education,and suggest steps schools,parents,and communities can take to address the needs of at-risk students.
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Chapter 12: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Virginia is not too happy with many of the decisions that her parents make regarding her life,but she has a good relationship with her parents and follows their lead.Virginia is likely to develop
A) good self-control and self-discipline.
B) confidence in social relationships.
C) competence in academic subjects.
D) All of these
Q2) Erikson holds that adolescence provides a psychosocial moratorium,or "time out" period,which
A) allows adolescents to regress into childishness.
B) allows adolescents time to search for commitment.
C) often adds identity confusion.
D) can precipitate an identity crisis.
Q3) James Marcia identifies four identity states or statuses,according to the presence or absence of
A) crisis and commitment.
B) foreclosure and moratorium.
C) crisis and foreclosure.
D) moratorium and commitment.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is associated with an increased rate of heart disease?
A) Weight gain
B) Moderate alcohol consumption
C) A low LDL cholesterol level in the blood
D) High-carbohydrate diet
Q2) Carol Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's study of moral reasoning is not valid since it did not include
A) males.
B) females.
C) race.
D) SES.
Q3) A heightened sense of well-being and less stress are experienced by individuals who A) are experiencing young adulthood.
B) come from large families.
C) have good medical insurance.
D) maintain healthy social relationships.
Q4) Evaluate the various criteria used by contemporary U.S.society to define adulthood.
Q5) Examine behavioral influences on health and fitness in young adulthood.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on parenthood,today's mothers spend ____ time on child care than mothers did in 1965.
A) the same
B) less
C) more
D) none of these
Q2) Characteristics of the generation of people referred to as millennials includes all of the following EXCEPT
A) heavy reliance on technology.
B) being involved in the voting process.
C) working for or in the military.
D) being highly educated.
Q3) In relationships,self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts are hallmarks of intense closeness or
A) passion.
B) compatibility.
C) affinity.
D) intimacy.
Q4) Evaluate the research on cohabitation.
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Q5) Discuss the five-factor model and provide one example of each personality trait.
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following are recommended to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in women EXCEPT
A) engage in weight-bearing exercise.
B) avoid smoking.
C) eat foods high in calcium.
D) All of these
Q2) Driving ability in middle adulthood usually
A) declines, because of physical losses.
B) is better than ever before, because of experience.
C) is no better or worse than at any other time of life.
D) declines in women but not in men.
Q3) The U.S.Preventive Task Force recommends that women have mammography screenings
A) every year after age 25 for all women who have not been pregnant.
B) every year after age 35 to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
C) beginning at age 50 unless the person has high risk factors.
D) if they have a family history of breast cancer.
Q4) What are the potential effects on women who have undergone hormone therapy (HT)?
A) Prevention of bone loss
B) Reduction of hip and other bone fractures
C) Increase in heart attacks
D) All of these Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A midlife review for Donald may include all of the following EXCEPT
A) regret over failure to achieve his dream of becoming company president.
B) a keener awareness that his social clock is ticking and he has still not had a child.
C) a midlife crisis.
D) the imminence of developmental deadlines.
Q2) According to the text,generativity can be expressed in the middle years through A) teaching.
B) creativity.
C) travel.
D) politics.
Q3) Margo,who is in her early twenties,is about to marry.If current literature is correct,when might she expect the most stress and unhappiness in her marriage?
A) As a newlywed
B) During the childrearing years
C) After the children leave home
D) In late adulthood
Q4) Describe two advantages and two disadvantages associated with cohabitation in middle-aged adults.
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Page 19
Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recalling who the president is and the name for the capital of Japan are examples of _____ memory.
A) implicit
B) episodic
C) autobiographical
D) semantic
Q2) The finding that human cells can divide about 50 times before they stop dividing and die is called the
A) survival curve.
B) tertiary boundary.
C) reserve limit.
D) Hayflick limit.
Q3) According to your text,at this point in time the only definitive method available to diagnose Alzheimer disease is
A) via a PET scan.
B) after the person is dead.
C) by employing fMRI technology.
D) by examining the patient's family tree.
Q4) Describe the visual and hearing changes among the elderly.
Q5) List and describe the changes in short-term memory among older adults.
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Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicholas and his wife have decided to stay in their home,have sufficient income,and have a caregiver visit once a week.This type of aging is referred to as which of the following?
A) Independent aging
B) Stable aging
C) Aging in place
D) Aging together
Q2) Which theory states that the more participatory and involved older adults are,the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives?
A) Activity theory
B) Recollection theory
C) Reminiscence theory
D) Recall theory
Q3) All of the following features would be desirable in a nursing home EXCEPT
A) privacy for social activity.
B) a hospital-like atmosphere.
C) opportunities for socialization.
D) a full range of social and therapeutic services.
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21
Chapter 19: Dealing With Death and Bereavement
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109 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emille has voiced his concern regarding the assisted suicide proposed by his mother's doctor.Emille feels that the doctor's recommendation stems from the knowledge that his mother is poor.Emille's concern reflects which argument against assisted suicide?
A) Medical
B) Ethical
C) Legal
D) All of these
Q2) Choose two cultures mentioned in your text and describe how they handle death and dying.
Q3) About how long after the death of a loved one do most of the negative feelings associated with the death diminish?
A) Two years
B) One year
C) Three months
D) Six months
Q4) List the five stages in coming to terms with death outlined by Kübler-Ross.Choose two of the stages and provide examples of each.
Q5) Define terminal drop and how it relates to predicting death.
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