Developmental Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the scientific study of human growth and change across the lifespan, from conception to old age. This course examines key theories and research findings related to physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, highlighting the dynamic interactions between biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Students will learn about the major developmental milestones and challenges individuals face at different stages of life, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Emphasis is placed on understanding how development is shaped by genetics, family, culture, and society, as well as on recognizing the diversity of developmental pathways and outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Introduction 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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16 Chapters
1915 Verified Questions
1915 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erik Erikson,during adolescence,people are in the ________ stage of development.
A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)initiative versus guilt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)identity versus identity confusion
Answer: D
Q2) The ________ is the Freudian structure of personality that consists of instincts and is totally unconscious.
A)superego
B)ego
C)id
D)subconscious
Answer: C
Q3) The first step in the scientific method is
A)collecting relevant data.
B)revising the working theory.
C)conceptualizing a problem.
D)using statistics to draw conclusions.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Norah and Bob are elated,as they have just brought their twins home.After trying to have a baby of their own for eight years,they opted for fertility treatment a year ago.Their gametes were harvested and fertilized artificially; and the successfully fertilized eggs were placed back in Norah's uterus.The pregnancy was fairly uneventful after that,although Norah had to go for frequent medical checks and take many precautionary measures.Norah and Bob used the ________ technique of assisted reproduction.
A)artificial insemination
B)in vivo fertilization
C)in vitro fertilization
D)gamete intrafallopian transfer
Answer: C
Q2) Niche-picking genotype-environment correlations occur when
A)biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child.
B)children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating.
C)children behave in ways that elicit certain types of environment.
D)children behave in ways that reflect the inherited disposition of their biological parents.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following exercises is recommended the LEAST for the latter part of pregnancy?
A)bicycling
B)walking
C)swimming
D)jogging
Answer: D
Q2) What common acne medication is prescribed to teenagers but also appears on the prohibited list of drugs that should never be taken during pregnancy?
A)isotretinoin
B)progestin
C)streptomycin
D)tetracycline
Answer: A
Q3) During which prenatal period are the placenta and the umbilical cord formed?
A)zygotic
B)germinal
C)embryonic
D)fetal
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Apgar Scale involves newborns receiving a score of 0,1,or 2 on five health signs,with a score of at least ________ required to assume that the newborn's condition is good.
A)5
B)3
C)7
D)10
Q2) Which of the following differentiates between the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)?
A)The NBAS must be used within minutes after birth to be accurate,while the NNNS can be used for infants between 0 and 3 years of age.
B)The NBAS was developed to assess normal,healthy,full-term infants,while the NNNS was developed to assess the "at-risk" infant.
C)The NBAS can be used in conjunction with prenatal diagnostic tests,while the NNNS can be used only after the birth of the baby.
D)The NBAS is used only for low birth weight infants,while the NNNS is used for preterm and small for date infants.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chemicals released by the terminal buttons that connect axons and dendrites of successive neurons and help in the passing of information from neuron to neuron across the synapse are called A)neurotransmitters.
B)pheromones.
C)cytokines.
D)synomones.
Q2) Infants who spent more time sleeping at night as opposed to the day showed A)higher executive function at age 4.
B)greater tolerance for pain at age 3.
C)higher levels of distress in the presence of strangers at 18 months.
D)higher than average levels of separation anxiety at 8 months.
Q3) What are the changes seen in the grasping reflex when the infant develops fine motor skills?
Q4) The dynamic systems view of motor development states that the developing of motor skills is a(n)________ process.
A)passive
B)active
C)rapid
D)taught
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rachel looks at their neighbor walking their dog and exclaims "not monkey" in a loud and urgent tone.This is an example of A)two-word utterances.
B)word of mouth.
C)babbling.
D)pragmatics.
Q2) Research on habituation has shown that
A)continual stimulation over extended periods of time using the same object is the best way to elicit a child's attention.
B)the extent to which infants can see,hear,smell,taste,and experience touch cannot be empirically studied.
C)it is important for parents to do novel things and to repeat them often until the infant stops responding.
D)habituation is inadequate as a variable in studying an infant's maturity and well-being.
Q3) Distinguish habituation from dishabituation.What is the significance of these concepts in the context of cognitive development in infants?
Q4) What are the milestones of the sixth sensorimotor substage given by Piaget?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A basic cry in which excess air is forced through the vocal cords is known as the ________ cry.
A)anger
B)pain
C)hunger
D)colicky
Q2) What is reciprocal socialization?
Q3) Physiological characteristics have been linked with different temperaments.In particular,a(n)________ temperament is associated with a unique physiological pattern that includes a high and stable heart rate,a high level of the hormone cortisol,and high activity in the right frontal lobe of the brain.
A)inhibited
B)extraverted
C)negative
D)uninhibited
Q4) Which of the following is characterized as a negative emotion?
A)joy
B)love
C)enthusiasm
D)anxiety
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurons communicate with each other through chemical substances that carry information between the neurons across gaps,called
A)synapses.
B)karyotypes.
C)phenotypes.
D)triglycerides.
Q2) ________ before bedtime is a type of activity that often contributes to less resistance in going to bed.
A)Encouraging a child to watch television
B)Playing outdoor games with a child
C)Encouraging a child to engage in vigorous activity
D)Playing quietly with a child in the bath
Q3) Which of the following is a neuronal change that occurs in early childhood?
A)decreased dopamine production
B)increased myelination
C)increased decay of healthy brain tissue
D)decreased localization of executive functions
Q4) Describe some influences on children's safety.
Q5) Why is the maturation of the prefrontal cortex crucial to development in early childhood?
10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a task,children are asked to say the word "night" when they see a picture of a sun,and the word "day" when they see a picture of a moon and stars.This is an example of a(n)________ task.
A)short-term memory
B)executive function
C)sustained attention
D)social referencing
Q2) Four-year-old Doug is driving his parents crazy with all his questions.He asks why everything is the way it is,then why things aren't some other way.His parents might be comforted to know that such questioning is characteristic of the
A)intuitive thought substage.
B)zone of proximal development.
C)symbolic function substage.
D)operational stage.
Q3) The zone of proximal development (ZPD)is a term for
A)the measure of cognitive ability.
B)the range of tasks that can be learned only with the assistance of adults.
C)a child's level of interpersonal skills.
D)social-relationship-building skills and abilities.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children whose parents are ________ tend to be fearful,be anxious,and have weak communication skills.
A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)neglectful
D)indulgent
Q2) According to research on gay and lesbian parenting,children raised in adoptive gay father families (as compared to heterosexual parent families)are
A)more likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems.
B)less likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems.
C)more likely to adopt a homosexual sexual identity in adulthood.
D)less likely to be accepted by their peers.
Q3) A research review of 26 studies determined that mild spanking (not severe or predominant use)
A)did not compare unfavorably with alternative discipline practices.
B)showed positive outcomes for children's behavior as adults.
C)resulted in a lower incidence of behavior problems at 5 years old (when the spanking occurred at 3 years old).
D)proved a more effective punishment than the use of time out.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) From 1 to 3 years of age,infants and toddlers should typically consume about ________ calories per day.
A)300
B)550
C)2,400
D)1,300
Q2) Overweight children are at risk of which of the following diseases?
A)diabetes
B)myopia
C)pleurisy
D)marasmus
Q3) During the middle and late childhood years,children gain about 5 to 7 pounds a year.The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the A)total volume of baby fat.
B)waist circumference.
C)size of the skeletal and muscular systems.
D)head circumference.
Q4) What treatment is recommended by experts for children who are overweight?
Q5) How does heredity affect children's weight?
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children with a helpless orientation often attribute their difficulty to A)bad luck.
B)uncaring adults.
C)poor efforts.
D)a lack of ability.
Q2) Compare and contrast critical thinking and creative thinking.
Q3) Paul has an IQ of 72.He lives in his own apartment,has a job,and supports himself.He has an active social life with many friends,with whom he goes bowling and goes out to eat frequently.According to the definition of intellectual disability,Paul is ________ intellectually disabled.
A)mildly
B)not
C)severely
D)moderately
Q4) Miko is asked to come up with as many uses of a paper clip as possible.This exercise requires the use of A)memory strategies.
B)reconstructive memory.
C)schematic thinking.
D)divergent thinking.
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During middle and late childhood,lower levels of internalized symptoms,such as depression and anxiety,are linked to a(n)________ attachment.
A)insecure-avoidant
B)insecure-resistant
C)insecure-disorganized
D)secure
Q2) ________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.
A)Controversial
B)Neglected
C)Targeted
D)Average
Q3) Briefly describe the role of parents as managers.
Q4) Describe the six functions of children's friendships.
Q5) Distinguish between the constructive and direct instruction approaches to student learning.
Q6) What are the five different peer statuses?
Q8) What are the three common types of stepfamily structure? Page 15
Q7) List and define Lawrence Kohlberg's three levels of moral development.
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study that compared a wide range of factors,which of the following was found to be the strongest predictor of a lower risk for being overweight?
A)diet quality
B)amount of screen time
C)participation in sports
D)other physical activity
Q2) In terms of contraceptive use,which of the following is TRUE?
A)Contraceptive use increased significantly between 2003 and 2011.
B)Younger adolescents are more likely to use contraceptives.
C)Older adolescents are more likely to use contraceptives.
D)A large age gap between partners increases the use of contraceptives.
Q3) Regarding substance abuse in adolescence,which of the following is TRUE?
A)Use of alcohol by high school seniors is higher now than it was in 1980.
B)Cigarette smoking has dropped nearly 50 percent since 1996 among eighth-graders.
C)Binge drinking is more common among females than males.
D)Most teens view cigarette smoking in a positive light.
Q4) Discuss the benefits and problems associated with early and late maturation for girls.
Q5) Describe AIDS and its treatment options.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE about adolescent decision making?
A)Adolescence is a time of decreased decision making.
B)Adolescents make better decisions when they are emotionally aroused than when they are calm.
C)Young adolescents are less likely to generate different options than are children.
D)Adolescents need more opportunities to practice and discuss realistic decision making.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the top-dog phenomenon?
A)It refers to an adolescent's tendency to indulge in risk-taking behavior in order to maintain the top position among his or her peers.
B)It refers to the shock of moving from the top position in a previous school to the lowest position in the next school.
C)It refers to adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are.
D)It refers to an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility.
Q3) Describe some of the challenges of the transition from elementary school to middle school.
Q4) Describe the key changes in adolescent information processing and cognition.
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suicidal behavior is MOST likely to occur in A)middle childhood.
B)late childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)emerging adulthood.
Q2) According to the study conducted by Brown & Lohr,members of which of the following crowds are most likely to have the highest self-esteem?
A)jocks (athletically oriented)
B)normals (middle-of-the-road students who made up the masses)
C)druggies (known for illicit drug use)
D)nobodies (low in social skills or intellectual abilities)
Q3) How does the suicidal behavior of female adolescents differ from that of male adolescents?
Q4) What is a psychological moratorium?
Q5) Mutuality and permeability are two dimensions of A)identity diffusion.
B)self-concept.
C)individuality.
D)connectedness.
Q6) List at least four causes of juvenile delinquency.
Page 19
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