Developmental Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the systematic psychological changes that occur in human beings throughout the lifespan, from infancy through old age. The course examines major theories, research methods, and empirical findings related to cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development. Topics include attachment, language acquisition, moral reasoning, identity formation, and the impact of family, school, and culture on growth and development. Emphasis is placed on both typical and atypical developmental trajectories, as well as the factors that promote healthy development and those that pose risks.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 9th Edition by Carol
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17 Chapters
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2038 Flashcards
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Page 2
K. Sigelman
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Environmental impacts include all _____ that influence our development.
A)external physical and social conditions
B)external genetic and social conditions
C)internal physical and social conditions
D)internal genetic and social conditions
Answer: A
Q2) Development of the idea of adolescence occurred as
A)more industrialization and an educated labor force required laws that restricted child labor and made schooling compulsory.
B)recognition of the risks associated with early childbearing led to increases in the age at which females could be married.
C)the criminal justice system recognized that teenagers,while different from children,did not possess the reasoning capabilities of adults.
D)the westward expansion of the United States created a need for a young,strong,healthy workforce.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The preschool-aged child is typically in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?
A)Intimacy versus isolation
B)Identity versus role confusion
C)Initiative versus guilt
D)Integrity versus despair
Answer: C
Q2) Lisa and Lyle both want to stay up past their bedtimes to watch a show on TV.When their parents say "No," Lisa throws a fit,while Lyle says,"Please? I'll brush my teeth and get into PJs so that I can just pop into bed the minute the show is over!" From a Freudian perspective,Lisa is responding from her _____,while Lyle is communicating through his
A)id;ego
B)ego;superego
C)id;superego
D)ego;id
Answer: A
Q3) Erikson suggested that humans develop over a series of psychosexual stages.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is a common criticism of twin studies?
A)Twin studies are better suited to identify environmental influences than genetic influences.
B)Fraternal twins tend to be treated more similarly than identical twins.
C)Twin studies overestimate the role of prenatal experiences on development.
D)The environment may be the more dominant influence on the similarity being studied in twins.
Answer: D
Q2) Which is the most genetically complex structure?
A)A gene
B)A chromosome
C)A zygote
D)A sperm
Answer: C
Q3) Who is LEAST likely to have a chromosomal abnormality?
A)Thom,who has a total of 22 pairs of chromosomes
B)Rodrigo,who has a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes
C)Priya,who has a total of 24 pairs of chromosomes
D)Ellie,who has a total of 25 pairs of chromosomes
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whose fetus is currently experiencing the strongest expansion in number of neurons?
A)Maura,who is 3 weeks pregnant
B)Yelena,who is 11 weeks pregnant
C)Trenelle,who is 18 weeks pregnant
D)Vuoung,who is 24 weeks pregnant
Q2) Maternal smoking appears to increase the risk of an infant experiencing sudden infant death syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain how fetal programming can impact the development of a child.Provide two examples each for the mother and the father,and be sure to include examples of both positive and negative programming.
Q4) Describe the three-stage process of childbirth.Be sure to discuss the C-sections and other interventions.
Q5) In some cultures,childbirth is seen as a shameful event.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, and Health
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119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants may spend so much time in REM sleep because REM sleep is
A)needed for the formation of a strong id.
B)important for learning and memory processes.
C)critical for normal muscle and reflex development.
D)necessary to ensure the infant continues to breathe during sleep.
Q2) Which of the following plays a key role in scaffolding in older adults?
A)pituitary gland
B)androgens
C)prefrontal cortex
D)telomeres
Q3) When lying flat,babies can hold their heads up before they can lift their hips or legs.This illustrates the _____ direction of growth.
A)cephalocaudal
B)cephalodistal
C)proximodistal
D)proximocaudal
Q4) Explain how human health is multidimensional and marked by both gains and losses.Provide examples to illustrate the principles and your reasoning.
Q5) Discuss the three principles of growth,providing examples of each.
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory threshold is defined as the A)minimum amount of stimulation that can be detected. B)maximum amount of sensory stimulation that can be tolerated before pain is experienced.
C)maximum number of senses that can be stimulated before the person is confused. D)minimum amount of energy produced by a neuron.
Q2) One-month-old infants were given either a smooth pacifier or one with hard nubs on which to suck.Although they had not seen the pacifier while sucking on it,when given the opportunity to look,the infants stared longer at the type of pacifier that they had sucked on.This shows that they have A)cross-modal perception.
B)evoked potential.
C)inter-sensory sensation.
D)dynamic systems.
Q3) Gibson's theory proposes that the features of an object reveal its A)affordances.
B)assimilations.
C)accommodations.
D)affectations.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cognitive skill would a formal operations thinker possess that a concrete operational thinker would lack?
A)Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
B)Seriation
C)Transformational thought
D)Class inclusion
Q2) When Vygotsky referred to the concept of scaffolding,he was speaking about
A)guided assistance that a skilled individual provides to a less skilled individual.
B)the "intellectual ladder of success" that children are innately driven to climb.
C)the importance of allowing children to "learn on their own" without adult interference.
D)the structures of the mind that hold together lower levels of thought and higher levels of thought.
Q3) When using hypothetical-deductive reasoning,you begin by generating all possible hypotheses.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Working memory is an active form of short-term memory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The tendency to keep making the same mistake over and over is referred to as making a(n)_____ error.
A)perseveration
B)mediation
C)utilization
D)organization
Q3) _____ memories always involve personal experiences.
A)Procedural
B)Episodic
C)Implicit
D)Cued-recall
Q4) Which of the following terms best describes the advanced memory capabilities of an expert?
A)cross-functional
B)domain-specific
C)context-neutral
D)time-dependent
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Victor has been classified as a gifted child by the school counselor.In what aspect would Victor demonstrate a high degree of social intelligence?
A)language
B)maturity
C)perseverance
D)memory
Q2) His steady hands make Dr.Greene a top-notch surgeon.Given this information,Dr.Greene would appear to have a high level of _____ intelligence.
A)bodily-kinesthetic
B)naturalistic
C)linguistic
D)interpersonal
Q3) What is the psychometric approach to intelligence,and how do the Spearman and Cattell & Horn models reflect this approach?
Q4) What factors contribute to the development of wisdom and creativity in adulthood? Provide examples to support your thinking.
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11
Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unskilled readers tend to _____ more than skilled readers.
A)rely on phonological cues
B)make sure their eyes "hit" all words
C)use context to help identify words
D)connect letters and sounds
Q2) Students who work at a job while in high school can gain personal benefits but at the expense of academic performance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Based on statistics,which of the following plays a key role in low adult literacy rates?
A)genetics
B)education
C)citizenship
D)culture
Q4) Which word consists of three morphemes?
A)Cat
B)Volcano
C)Previewing
D)Breakfast
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) While she does not scream when her parents attempt to cuddle with her,Marwa does tend to look away and demonstrate some discomfort with this activity.With regard to temperament,Marwa is best classified as A)diffused.
B)difficult.
C)slow-to-warm-up.
D)foreclosed.
Q2) When talking to his grandmother on the phone,Riley says,"I am four years old,I am a boy,and I have red hair." This statement best illustrates the concept of A)a looking-glass self.
B)self-esteem.
C)diffusion status.
D)categorical self.
Q3) Which is likely to contribute most to change in personality across the lifespan?
A)Consistent environments
B)Genetic inheritance
C)Long-lasting childhood experiences
D)Poor person-environment fit
Q4) In what ways might one's culture and ethnic identity impact self-concept?
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research by Morrongiello and Hogg (2004)found that when asked to prevent future risky behavior in a child who had misbehaved in some dangerous way (e.g. ,bicycling fast down a hill),moms reported that they would A)set more rules for both boys and girls.
B)not intervene with the boys but would set more rules with girls. C)not intervene with the girls but would set more rules with boys. D)not intervene with either boys or girls as risky behavior was "in their blood."
Q2) Five-year-old Preetha draws clear lines between what types of games boys and girls should play and makes every effort to avoid playing with boys like her neighbor Kevin.Research has shown that preschoolers with attitudes like Preetha tend to be A)aggressive.
B)shy.
C)rejected by peers.
D)well adjusted.
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts of gender constancy,gender stability,and gender consistency.Be sure to identify a life period when each occurs,and give examples to support your thinking.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Matthew works regularly with an autism counselor at his school.Today the focus is practicing emotional response,because Matthew generally has no reaction if a classmate displays sadness or anger or joy.Matthew's behavior is a symptom of his
A)love withdrawal
B)moral disengagement
C)mind blindness
D)conduct disorder
Q2) Kohlberg's highest stage of moral reasoning involves
A)authority and social order-maintaining morality.
B)individual rights and democratically accepted law.
C)individual principles of conscience.
D)instrumental hedonism.
Q3) What important advance in social cognition generally occurs at age 11 or 12?
A)Children begin to describe others in terms of the activities they engage in.
B)Children begin to describe others in terms of inner psychological traits and characteristics.
C)Children begin to attempt to explain why people do what they do.
D)Children begin to focus heavily on others' physical appearance in their descriptions of them.
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Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heather hangs with a group of four other girls who,just like her,all wear the trendiest fashions.According to Dunphy (1963),this group is best classified as a A)population. B)crowd.
C)confidant. D)clique.
Q2) Which of the following terms best describes the process of forming attachments in humans?
A)automatic
B)unitary
C)biological
D)interactive
Q3) Which statement best describes results from research on adults' internal working models of self?
A)Early attachment styles have little bearing on love relationships.
B)Internal working models predict the capacity for exploration in adulthood.
C)There appears to be little intergenerational transmission of attachment styles.
D)Internal working models are not subject to revision.
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Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement concerning the childrearing family is true?
A)Conflicts between parents and children tend to decrease between childhood and adolescence.
B)The stress of caring for a toddler tends to be greater than caring for an infant.
C)Parents with teens tend to be less likely to question their own life path.
D)Parents of teens tend to be unaffected when the teenager is having personal problems.
Q2) If a family is a system,then the mother and child functioning together are a(n)________.
A)dyad
B)transaction
C)subsystem
D)complement
Q3) Statistically speaking,who is at greatest risk for abusing their child?
A)Javon,a young,employed male with two children
B)Rene,a young,unemployed single woman with four children
C)Doug,a middle-aged,poor,single father of one
D)Maritza,a middle-aged,married,working mother of five
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will likely experience more internalizing problems?
A)Malik,a 7-year-old boy
B)Nina,a 9-year-old girl
C)Avi,a 14-year-old boy
D)Tracey,a 16-year-old girl
Q2) How are cultural considerations handled in the DSM-5 section on depression?
A)It has separate diagnostic criteria to be used in each of the industrialized nations.
B)It indicates that individuals from certain cultures report somatic ailments more than psychological ailments.
C)It notes that in many cultures the preferred treatment of depression is "spiritual cleansing."
D)It emphasizes that cultural and developmental variations are irrelevant to diagnosis and treatment.
Q3) What would qualify 17-year-old Daniel as engaging in binge drinking?
A)Consuming at least three different types of alcohol in one sitting
B)Consuming alcohol for five days in a row
C)Consuming alcohol with at least three peers present
D)Consuming more than five drinks in a row in a single drinking session
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,the average life expectancy is currently about _____ years.
A)72
B)79
C)84
D)86
Q2) The sense of separation anxiety described in the Parkes/Bowlby attachment model of bereavement is most closely associated with the _____ reaction.
A)reorganization
B)numbness
C)yearning
D)disorganization/despair
Q3) After her husband dies,Carmen finds herself unable to sleep and very preoccupied with thoughts of her husband and the events surrounding his death.Carmen is best described as experiencing what Parkes/Bowlby referred to as
A)yearning
B)numbness
C)reorganization
D)disorganization and despair
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