Developmental Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the psychological growth and changes individuals experience throughout the lifespan, from conception through old age. This course examines theories and research related to cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development, emphasizing the interplay between genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. Students will gain insights into developmental milestones, attachment, language acquisition, identity formation, and aging, along with contemporary issues such as the impact of technology and diverse family structures on development.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Human Development A Life Span View 2nd Edition by Robert V. Kail
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16 Chapters
2342 Verified Questions
2342 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are studying flirting behavior in college students by sitting quietly at the college snack bar and watching students as they interact with each other, all the while pretending to read a newspaper, you are engaging in a form of naturalistic observation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A(n) _______________ variable in an experiment is the condition that is manipulated by the researcher.
Answer: independent
Q3) Which of the following are the two general designs used by human development researchers?
A) experimental studies and quasi-experimental studies
B) observational studies and self-report studies
C) case studies and self-report studies
D) correlational studies and experimental studies
Answer: D
Q4) The _______________ of a measure refers to whether it actually measures what researchers think it measures.
Answer: validity
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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal
Development, and Birth
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key lesson learned by the fact that thalidomide showed no impact when tested on pregnant rats but led to birth defects in humans is that
A) teratogens impact different genotypes differently.
B) teratogens impact specific aspects of development.
C) teratogen effects may not emerge until later in life.
D) teratogen effects are the same regardless of the time when the individual is exposed.
Answer: A
Q2) When a phenotype reflects the combined activity and influence of many separate genes, the pattern is known as _______________ inheritance.
Answer: polygenic
Q3) Genetically, identical twins and fraternal twins share the same amount of genes. The enhanced similarities seen in identical twins are a result of environmental factors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Low birth weight can usually be prevented by good _______________ care. Answer: prenatal
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Chapter 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical,
Perceptual, and Motor Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to the sense of smell of a newborn baby, which of the following statements is the MOST accurate?
A) Newborns are basically "nose-deaf," as their sinuses will not be completely clear of fluid from the pregnancy until several weeks after birth.
B) Newborns have a keen sense of smell, and can recognize familiar and comforting scents.
C) Newborns have a very rudimentary sense of smell suitable only to keep them from eating potentially poisonous substances.
D) A newborn's sense of smell is as sharp as that of an adult, but their lack of exposure to different odors is the reason why they don't "use" their smell sense very much.
Answer: B
Q2) Roughly half of a newborn's sleep time is spent in the ____ stage.
A) rapid eye movement (REM)
B) nonREM-1
C) nonREM-2
D) nonREM-3
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language:
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the concept of naive biology, making sure to include the basic elements that typify the theories of four-year-old children in this domain.
Q2) Piaget believed that children are like little
A) blank slates, who come into the world with no existing cognitive skills.
B) artists, constructing their own beautiful canvases.
C) performers, constantly vying for attention.
D) scientists, creating theories about how the world works.
Q3) Piaget's theory is often criticized for having overestimated the cognitive skills of infants and young children and for underestimating the cognitive skills of adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The idea that number names must be counted in the same sequence, without change, defines the ____.
A) stable-order principle
B) one-to-one principle
C) cardinality principle
D) universality principle
Q5) A(n) _______________ is an early infant vowel-like sound.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phil and Lil are both playing with dolls in the same room. Use them in examples of parallel, simple social, and cooperative play.
Q2) Jessminder is a two-year-old girl who is exploring her world. She can walk very well, and frequently tries to walk away from her parents to go look around. According to Erikson, Jessminder is attempting to develop a sense of ____.
A) initiative
B) industry
C) basic trust
D) autonomy
Q3) According to Erikson, the first three stages of psychosocial development involve the crises of basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, and initiative vs. guilt.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Joy, anger, fear, interest, disgust, distress, sadness, and surprise are considered to be _______________ emotions.
Q5) During the preschool years, children begin to understand that gender is _______________, that is, boys become men and girls become women.
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Chapter 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Nyah, nyah, nyah, nyah," Diane says to her younger sister Rhonda. "I have reached the formal-operational stage of thinking, so according to Piaget, I can now think ____ and you can't!" As ridiculous as this conversation is, if Diane is 13 and Rhonda is 9, what would the correct answer be?
A) logically
B) hypothetically
C) tangibly
D) postformally
Q2) Why do so many more girls than boys study gymnastics in their early teenage years?
A) Parents actively discourage boys from such activities, so girls naturally dominate the sport.
B) Girls excel in gross motor skills that require flexibility and balance.
C) Boys get messages from their peers that gymnastics is not a "manly" activity.
D) Gymnastics schools accept girls as early as 5 years of age, but boys will not be accepted until at least 12.
Q3) On gross motor skills that emphasize ________________, boys tend to have an advantage over girls.
Q4) Compare and contrast metacognitive knowledge and metamemory.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents tend to be more affectionate with and more punitive toward
A) "middle" children.
B) first-born children.
C) their youngest child.
D) any child, almost randomly
Q2) There have recently been several high-profile cases of 'cyber-bullying,' where adolescents used social networking websites to torment a peer. In one instance, the bullies called a young girl names, interrupted her friendships with other classmates, and led her to feel very depressed and isolated. Which of the following is the type of aggression that was used in these cases?
A) relational
B) vigilant
C) instrumental
D) peer-delimited
Q3) One of these things is not like the others. Can you spot the "odd man out"?
A) blended family
B) reconstituted family
C) reconstructed family
D) remarried family
9
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Chapter 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive
Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to children and adults, adolescents are much more concerned about their overall appearance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which word best encapsulates why adolescents become more adept at problem solving and specific skill mastery as compared to young children?
A) scaffolding
B) analysis
C) experience
D) metamemory
Q3) Suppose you were to compare the photos from your senior year of high school to the photos from your grandparents' senior year of high school. What would you expect to see?
A) Far fewer overweight and obese adolescents in your grandparents' photos
B) About the same number of obese and overweight adolescents in both sets of photos
C) More obese and overweight males but fewer obese and overweight females in your grandparents' photos
D) Far more obese and overweight adolescents in your grandparents' photos
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Chapter 9: Moving into the Adult Social World:
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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145 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.
A) foreclosure
B) achievement
C) diffusion
D) moratorium
Q2) _______________ tends to become more differentiated as children become adolescents, and develop the ability to evaluate themselves in many different domains.
Q3) Youngsters who are temperamentally difficult, overly emotional, or inattentive are more likely than their peers to engage in aggressive actions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe three major reasons why an adolescent should not work long hours while in school. Why do so many adolescents work in spite of these consequences?
Q5) Discuss three reasons why sexually active adolescents do not use birth control..
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Chapter 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Binge drinking is defined as drinking five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more drinks in a row for women, all within the past two weeks.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A bar or bat mitzvah, graduating from high school, and getting married are all examples of rites of ________________.
Q3) Christina is a real character. Although she is in her early twenties, she has not "slowed down" in her need for more and more intense experiences. In the last year she has gone skydiving, bungee jumping from a bridge, has gone drag racing with her boyfriend, and has experimented with some new drugs. Christina's behaviors are an example of
A) identity confusion.
B) maturational fixation.
C) plasticity.
D) edgework.
Q4) According to the ________________ Integration Theory (P-FIT), intelligence is contributed to by an elaborate network of neurons found in two different lobes of the cerebrum.
Q5) The amount of energy the body needs is called ________________.
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Chapter 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
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145 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) For most adults, the decision to remain single is
A) something that they have felt strongly about since childhood.
B) a kneejerk reaction to heartbreak.
C) a gradual one that develops over time.
D) a result of being unable to find a suitable marriage partner.
Q2) Dennis and Meg have been married for six years. Each of them makes their own contributions to their home, even though those contributions are different. Dennis feels that Meg "does her share," and Meg feels the same way about Dennis. According to _______________ theory, their marriage will be more likely to be satisfying and happy.
Q3) The final stage of friendship, according to the developmental model presented in your chapter, is
A) ending.
B) solidification.
C) crystallization.
D) tempering.
Q4) _______________ environments may be a more comfortable medium for people who are shy to make friends in an atmosphere of greater anonymity, where intimacy and interaction levels can be controlled.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is age discrimination, and how can it manifest itself in the workplace?
Q2) A study of occupational selection by men and women that was conducted in India found that when a man and woman held the same position, the man was likely to earn higher "respectability" ratings from
A) other men but not women.
B) both other men and women.
C) women but not other men.
D) neither other men nor women.
Q3) A mentor, or a(n) ____ coach, is part teacher, part sponsor, part model, and part counselor who facilitates on-the-job learning to help the new hire do the work required in his or her present role and to prepare for future roles.
A) guidance
B) on-the-job
C) vocational
D) executive
Q4) Twenty-five-year-old Claire and her uncle, 50-year-old Dane, are both about to lose their jobs. How will the impact on their lives and sense of self be similar? In what ways will their reactions likely differ? What should Claire and Dane each do to move on with their employment paths?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Making It in Midlife: The Unique Challenges of Middle Adulthood
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carrie is a paramedic who responded to an emergency call for a child in distress. Tragically, the child did not survive an allergic reaction to a medication that he was given although Carrie worked tirelessly to revive him. Carrie is now experiencing a psychological disorder that is interrupting her life. The condition Carrie is experiencing is probably
A) somatization disorder.
B) post-traumatic stress disorder.
C) centration and tear disorder
D) major depressive disorder.
Q2) The _______________ of intelligence refers to those aspects of intelligence that reflect crystallized intelligence.
Q3) Developmental changes that contribute to everyday life running smoothly are part of ____ adjustment.
A) cognitive
B) personality
C) neuropsychological
D) stability
Q4) Severe loss of bone _______________ results in osteoporosis, a disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
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146 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most frequently used interventions to remediate the kinds of memory problems that older adults face are _____ interventions.
A) implicit-internal
B) explicit-external
C) explicit-internal
D) implicit-external
Q2) Differentiate between the causes of early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Q3) As a demographer, Sherwood would be most interested in studying
A) implicit memory and how it changes with age.
B) the number of neural connections contained in the central nervous system.
C) the distinction between presbyopia and presbycusis.
D) how the number of young people in a population has changed over the past 50 years.
Q4) ____ is best explained by the wear-and-tear theory of aging.
A) AIDS
B) Joint deterioration during osteoarthritis
C) Misshapen blood cells in sickle-cell disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
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Chapter 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial,
Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues
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145 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Henry is 95 years of age and lives alone since his wife died three years ago. Every morning he gets up, takes a shower, and goes for a walk. He comes home, takes his daily medication, and has a healthy breakfast. He watches a little television, takes an hour-long nap, and then sits in his yard and reads or chats with neighbors as they stroll by. He has lunch, watches sports on television for a while, and then relaxes until dinner time. Sometimes he cooks, and sometimes he goes out to dinner. Before bed he takes his evening medications, brushes his teeth, and goes to sleep. Clearly, Henry's level of ________ health is quite high!
A) appropriate
B) functional
C) daily
D) instrumental
Q2) Financial or material exploitation is the most commonly seen form of elder abuse in the United States of America.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Erikson felt that our attempts to look back at our years to determine the type of existence we've had is called a(n) ________.
Q4) ________ is the most commonly reported form of elder abuse.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological side of coming to terms with a loss is called _______________.
Q2) Bodily needs, psychological security, interpersonal attachments, and spiritual energy and hope are the four components of the ________ theory of dying.
A) contextual
B) structural
C) interpersonal
D) cultural
Q3) The metaphor of a(n) ____ is often used to describe the duration of time between being given a fatal diagnosis and death itself.
A) end-of-life scenario
B) death trajectory
C) hospice
D) final scenario
Q4) Whichdiscipline refers to the study of death, dying, grief, bereavement, and social attitudes toward these attitudes?
A) erotology
B) thanatology
C) geropsychiatry
D) orthopsychiatry
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