Developmental Psychology Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Developmental Psychology explores the patterns of growth, change, and stability that occur throughout the human lifespan. The course examines physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development from infancy through old age, drawing on major theoretical perspectives and current research. Topics include language acquisition, moral reasoning, identity formation, family and peer influences, and the impact of culture and environment. By integrating empirical studies with applied examples, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how individuals develop and the factors that shape their developmental trajectories.
Recommended Textbook
Children 13th Edition by John Santrock
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16 Chapters
1905 Verified Questions
1905 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the purposes of organization and understanding,a child's development is commonly described in terms of periods,which are given approximate age ranges.What are the various periods of a child's development? List out a few characteristics of each period.
Answer: The most widely used classification of developmental periods describes a child's development in terms of the following sequence:
Q2) Ben watches his mother make chocolate-chip cookies and knows she does not want him to eat any of the cookies before dinner.He is seriously tempted to help himself to a cookie or two once his mother leaves the room but decides not to because it is not right to do so.Identify Ben's Freudian structure of personality at work in this situation.
A)Superego
B)Ego
C)Id
D)Subconscious
Answer: A
Q3) Describe the three main types of research designs.What are the advantages and disadvantages of these research designs?
Answer: The three main types of research designs are:
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Q1) The XYY syndrome is characterized by the
A)male having an extra Y chromosome.
B)female having an extra Y chromosome.
C)males having an extra X chromosome.
D)female having a missing X chromosome.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE with regard to one's genotype?
A)It is apparent in one's physical make-up.
B)It refers to one's actual genetic material.
C)It can be observed through one's intelligence and personality.
D)Each genotype translates into only one phenotypic expression.
Answer: B
Q3) According to your text,_____ are the building blocks of one's phenotype.
A)proteins
B)vitamins
C)bones
D)calories
Answer: A
Q4) Describe any two sources of variability that the human genetic process creates.
Answer: Students' answers may vary.
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the important events and facts pertaining to each of the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: Students' answers may vary. The important events of the three periods of prenatal development are:
Q2) A pregnant mother who takes high doses of aspirin during pregnancy is at risk for A)maternal and fetal bleeding.
B)type 2 diabetes.
C)cognitive impairment.
D)low birth weight.
Answer: A
Q3) After _____ is complete,teratogens can no longer cause anatomical defects.
A)morphogenesis
B)organogenesis
C)histogenesis
D)embryogenesis
Answer: B
Q4) Laura contracted AIDS a few months before her pregnancy.What are the ways her child can get infected?
Answer: Laura's child can get infected with HIV/AIDS in three ways:
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Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast infants who have low birth weight with those who are small for date.
Q2) Holly Brooks has just received a call from Lisa,one of her clients,informing her that she is in labor and will be arriving at the hospital shortly.Holly changes her plans for the day and reaches the hospital to assist Lisa throughout her labor.She reminds Lisa of all the relaxation techniques they had practiced,and she provides her with support and encouragement when the pain becomes intolerable for Lisa.She also communicates Lisa's needs and concerns to the doctor delivering her baby.Once the baby is born,Holly places the baby on Lisa's chest and smiles.Holly is Lisa's A)obstetrician.
B)gynecologist.
C)doula.
D)emergency physician.
Q3) What is afterbirth? What are the events associated with afterbirth?
Q4) The process by which the uterus returns to its prepregnant size is called A)dilation.
B)contraction.
C)prolapse.
D)involution.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of proximodistal pattern of growth?
A)Abbey learning to sit first before learning to stand or crawl
B)Alex learning to move his eyes before learning his first words
C)Colin learning to stare at moving objects before trying to touch them with his hands
D)Polly learning to grab the objects with her whole hands before learning to pick them up with her fingers
Q2) Ogden,a child psychologist,has an empiricist approach toward perceptual development.Ogden would agree with which of the following statements?
A)The ability of perception in infants is not innate but develops with learning and experience.
B)Infants' ability to perceive the world is inborn and is influenced by their genes.
C)Infants' ability to perceive is present at birth and involves the development of distinctive features that are detected at later ages.
D)Infants' ability to perceive is present at birth and develops with the cognitive development in infants.
Q3) What is the ecological view of perception?
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of an A-not-B error?
A)Dora had a fall while climbing a chair and complained to her mother that the chair is "bad" and began hitting it.
B)Dennis cannot comprehend that a ball made out of his clay modeling set can also be used to make a box or a tower.
C)Devon's mother taught him to say "Dad" and he now uses the term to refer to any male he comes across irrespective of age or familiarity.
D)Daniel always looks below the bed when he cannot find his toy because that was the first place where his father had hidden his toy.
Q2) Which of the following statements reflects the views of Noam Chomsky on language?
A)The LAD is a physical part of the brain and not a theoretical construct.
B)Children do not have an innate ability to detect the sounds of language.
C)Children are born with an innate device to learn language.
D)Language acquisition in humans is an environmentally conditioned process that starts at birth.
Q3) What are the salient features of the core knowledge approach?
Q4) What is perceptual categorization?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erik Erikson,the first year of life is characterized by the _____ stage of development.
A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)initiative versus guilt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)trust versus mistrust
Q2) Parents who elicited talk about emotions with their toddlers had toddlers who
A)were more likely to share and be helpful.
B)were emotionally withdrawn.
C)had difficulty with their siblings.
D)showed early signs of jealousy.
Q3) Which of the following is the MOST frequent expression of an infant's fear?
A)Separation protest
B)Transition apprehension
C)Stranger anxiety
D)Social consciousness
Q4) List the three basic types of temperament described by Chess and Thomas in their classification.
Q5) What is reciprocal socialization?
Q6) What is emotion? Give one example for positive and negative emotions.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research has shown that developmental delay of motor and cognitive milestones in children is related to
A)increased count of white blood cells.
B)decreased intake of lead and other minerals.
C)increased levels of the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow.
D)decreased levels of myelination.
Q2) Longitudinal studies of childhood obesity suggest that
A)most obese children will be dangerously underweight in adulthood.
B)most obese children will be become obese adults.
C)obese children are often psychologically well-adjusted adults.
D)a few obese children will become obese adults.
Q3) Darla will only eat her peanut butter and jelly sandwich with the crust cut off.Darla would be labeled as a(n)____ eater.
A)fussy
B)peculiar
C)restricted
D)over
Q4) What is the significance of a developmentally appropriate movement curriculum?
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Preschool children's ability to control and sustain their attention has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
A)School readiness.
B)School achievement.
C)Problems with peer relationships.
D)Improved language skills.
Q2) Which of the following statements is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?"
A)It specifically describes age-related changes.
B)It adequately describes how changes in socioemotional capabilities contribute to cognitive development.
C)It overemphasizes the role of language in thinking.
D)It does not emphasize collaboration and guidance.
Q3) Pointing to a tree,young Ramal said,"Bird flied away." Ramal has broken a _____ rule of language.
A)syntactical
B)semantic
C)pragmatic
D)morphological
Q4) Briefly describe Project Head Start.
Q5) What are some strategies for using books effectively with preschool children?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) According to Jean Piaget,most preschool children are in the _____ stage of moral development.
A)postconventional
B)preoperational
C)heteronomous
D)autonomous
Q2) Gender identity is defined as the
A)expectations that prescribe how females or males should think,act,and feel.
B)process of acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
C)sense of one's own gender,including knowledge,understanding,and acceptance of being male or female.
D)genotypic and biological factors that cause differentiation on the basis of gender.
Q3) When Ashlyn describes her friend as funny,Ashlyn is describing a ______ trait.
A)physical
B)psychological
C)cognitive
D)moral
Q4) What are the negative effects of television on children?
Q5) Define the terms gender identity,gender roles,and gender typing.
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) List some of the most common causes of serious injuries during middle and late childhood.
Q2) Dora,a seven-year-old girl,has a speech defect that involves stuttering.She also suffers from hearing problems.Her impairments can be broadly categorized as _____ disorders.
A)genetic
B)conversion
C)communication
D)attention
Q3) Orthopedic impairments involve
A)insufficient production of insulin.
B)absence of pigmentation in the skin.
C)rapid multiplication of cells.
D)restricted movement.
Q4) What are the main characteristics of cancers that affect children?
Q5) Describe two amendments made to the IDEA in 1997.
Q6) What are the causes of asthma?
Q7) How is a learning difficulty identified?
Q8) How does heredity affect children's weight? Page 13
Q9) What are the possible causes of learning disabilities?
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jacqueline and Martin Brooks,teachers can help cultivate critical thinking in their students by
A)asking them to describe the concepts covered the previous day.
B)spending more class time rehearsing topics.
C)asking them to list all the points they studied the previous day.
D)motivating them to analyze,criticize,and create.
Q2) An experimenter presents a child with two identical balls of clay.The experimenter rolls one of the balls into a long,thin piece of clay.The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long,thin piece.This Piagetian task is a test to see if the child is capable of _____ operations.
A)concrete
B)formal
C)inference
D)judgment
Q3) Which of the following is an educational implication of Piaget's theory?
A)Effective teachers facilitate,rather than direct,learning.
B)Children's distorted ideas about the world make it hard for them to learn.
C)A single curriculum will be effective for children across cultures.
D)Ongoing assessment should be avoided.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) _____ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
A)Controversial
B)Average
C)Neglected
D)Rejected
Q2) Which of the following has NOT been linked to low self-esteem?
A)Obesity
B)Anxiety
C)Arrogance
D)Delinquency
Q3) At Kohlberg's _____ level of moral reasoning,the individual recognizes alternative moral courses,explores the options,and then decides on a personal moral code.
A)postconventional
B)conventional
C)heteronomous
D)social systems
Q4) What are the five different peer statuses?
Q5) How does context affect gender differences in communication?
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the gender differences regarding body image among adolescents?
Q2) Which of the following sexually transmitted infections can be treated with penicillin?
A)Genital herpes
B)AIDS
C)Syphilis
D)Genital warts
Q3) Approximately what percentage of 15-year-olds reported having a meaningful relationship outside of their family with a caring adult that helped them to succeed?
A)5 percent
B)20 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent
Q4) Explain the role of parents and peers in preventing adolescent drug abuse.
Q5) What are the physical changes that occur in females during puberty?
Q6) What are the physical changes that occur in males during puberty?
Q7) Explain the role of melatonin in sleep regulation in older adolescents.
Q8) Explain the pattern of the pubertal growth spurt in boys and girls.
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Q9) Briefly describe sexually transmitted infections.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Recent research on moral reasoning and cohort effects have revealed that moral reasoning among college students
A)is reaching post-conventional levels on most campuses.
B)is declining down to the conventional level.
C)is declining down to the lowest level,personal interests.
D)may be at an all-time high in recorded history.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about Piaget's formal operational stage?
A)This stage is characterized by the ability to reason logically about specific or concrete examples.
B)This stage is characterized by the ability to classify things into different sets or subsets.
C)This stage is characterized by the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions.
D)This stage is characterized by the ability to create a hypothesis and deduce its implications.
Q3) Briefly describe the role of exploration,decision making,and planning in adolescents' career choices.
Q4) What is an integrative approach to moral education?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Aaron is in the eighth grade.Some of his close friends have recently started engaging in vandalism and writing graffiti on the walls at school.What is Aaron most likely to do?
A)He is likely to stop spending time with these friends and join a more positive peer group.
B)He is more likely to discuss such behavior with his parents than with his other friends.
C)He is likely report his friends behavior to the principal of the school.
D)He is more likely to join his friends in these behaviors than when he was in fifth grade.
Q2) In terms of identity formation,adolescents and emerging adults from East Asian countries focus on
A)developing secure romantic relationships to assist them in identity formation.
B)identification and imitation of others within their cultural group.
C)self-oriented identity formation based on individual autonomy.
D)developing a unique identity that will set them apart from others within their culture.
Q3) List at least four factors related to adolescent depression.
Q4) What are cliques?
Q5) List at least four causes of juvenile delinquency.
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