Dental Hygiene
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Dental Hygiene is the study and practice of preventive oral health care, focusing on techniques to clean teeth, maintain oral health, and educate patients on the link between oral hygiene and overall well-being. The course covers areas such as dental anatomy, oral pathology, periodontology, patient assessment, infection control, oral health promotion, and the use of dental instruments and equipment. Students learn to perform dental cleanings, take dental radiographs, assist in dental procedures, and provide guidance on nutrition and lifestyle choices that affect oral health. Emphasis is placed on ethical and professional conduct, effective communication, and critical thinking required for successful practice in dental hygiene.
Recommended Textbook
Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist 4th Edition by Dorothy A. Perry
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Chapter 1: Historical Perspectives on Dental Hygiene and Periodontology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first school of dentistry affiliated with a university was established in:
A) Boston
B) Chicago
C) Baltimore
D) New York
E) Bridgeport
Answer: A
Q2) The first hygienist was:
A) Ambroise Paré
B) Irene Newman
C) Grace Rogers Spaulding
D) Gillette Hayden
Answer: B
Q3) Who was the first person known to have developed toothpaste?
A) Aristotle
B) Hippocrates
C) Albucasis
D) Pliny the Elder
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Periodontium: Anatomic Characteristics and Host
Response
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Q1) The slight depression in the gingiva located between the buccal and lingual interdental papillae is called the:
A) Col
B) Gingival space
C) Gingival groove
D) Embrasure space
Answer: A
Q2) Effector molecules perform all of the following functions except one.Which function is the exception?
A) Decrease the immune response.
B) Cause cell-to-cell communication.
C) Cause the production of antibodies.
D) Stimulate systems to eliminate foreign substances.
Answer: A
Q3) The function of Langerhans cells is ____________________________________.
Answer: Phagocytic LangerhAnswer cells are phagocytic (phagocytosis),which is the removing of cellular debris.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which index has both a debris and calculus index that can be combined for an oral hygiene index?
A) O'Leary Plaque Index
B) Silness-Löe Plaque Index
C) GI developed by Löe and Silness
D) OHI-S of Greene and Vermillion
Answer: D
Q2) The level of disease in a population is known as:
A) Incidence
B) Prevalence
C) Risk factors
D) Severity
E) Sample
Answer: D
Q3) When conducting research,an entire set of individuals is known as:
A) Sample
B) Population
C) Cohort
D) Generalizable
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases
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Q1) Streptococci are the predominant type of bacteria located in which oral microbial ecosystem?
A) Tongue
B) Oral mucosal surfaces
C) Saliva
D) Supragingival tooth surfaces
E) Subgingival tooth surfaces
Q2) All of the following are factors in the virulence of gram-negative bacteria except one.Which factor is the exception?
A) Enzymes
B) Fimbriae
C) Leukotoxins
D) Cell membrane
E) Lipopolysaccharides
Q3) Morphotype refers to bacterial shapes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Calculus and Other Disease-Associated Factors
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Q1) How long does it take for plaque biofilm to begin to mineralize?
A) Less than 24 hours
B) 24 to 72 hours
C) 36 to 48 hours
D) 72 to 96 hours
E) More than 96 hours
Q2) The toxic effects of tobacco are caused by:
A) Changes in gingival epithelium and mucosal cells
B) Decreases in the vascular reaction to inflammation
C) Reduced ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) to phagocytize substances
D) All of the above
Q3) Calculus becomes firmly attached to the tooth surfaces through which mechanism(s)?
A) Serum attachment
B) Pellicle attachment
C) Mechanical attachment
D) Mechanical and pellicle attachments
E) Mechanical, pellicle, and serum attachments
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Chapter 6: Gingival Diseases
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Q1) Mucous membrane pemphigoid
A)Blistering and sloughing gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition.The epithelium peels away when rubbed (Nikolsky sign), leaving the tissue raw and bleeding.This condition can be very painful and can affect other areas besides gingival tissues.
B)This condition has pronounced hemorrhagic, swollen, and tender gingival tissues that develop over a short period.
C)This gingival reaction to food impaction is localized and painful.Its onset is sudden.
D)This chronic disease affects the skin and mucous membranes of middle-aged adults.The most common form exhibits intraorally as lacy white lines known as Wickham's striae.It has a bumpy appearance.A rare form of this disease exhibits painful, white lesions with raw, red areas.
E)Sloughing of the gingival tissue is characteristic of this condition, leaving a painful, raw, and red surface.This condition affects only gingival tissue.
F)Examples of this condition include burns from hot foods, chemical burns, and cuts.
Q2) _________________________ is the major clinical indicator of gingivitis.
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Chapter 7: Periodontal Diseases
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Q1) The most important host factor in determining the progression of periodontitis and bone loss is:
A) Effective scaling and root planing
B) Corrosive factors in dental calculus
C) Bacteria acid eroding the crestal alveolar bone
D) Direct tissue damage by the bacteria in plaque
E) Inflammation from the host response to plaque antigens
Q2) Explain the effects of cigar smoking and smokeless tobacco.
Q3) Which oral diseases are caused by pathogenic bacterial plaque biofilm inhabiting the oral cavity and subgingival environment?
A) Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease
B) Periodontitis and preterm birth
C) Periodontitis and bacterial pneumonia
D) Periodontitis and diabetes
E) All of the above f. None of the above
Q4) A
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Clinical Assessment
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Q1) Bleeding on probing is considered a clinical indication of active periodontal disease.The lack of bleeding on probing means that the particular site in the periodontium is unlikely to lose attachment.
A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.
Q2) The most accurate assessment of periodontal support for the tooth is:
A) Sulcus depth
B) Attachment loss
C) Probing pocket depth
D) Gingival pocket depth
Q3) Inflammation of the soft tissue around an implant is _________________.
Q4) Plaque biofilm control records can be used to record a patient's plaque control over time.These records can also be used as educational and reinforcement tools.
A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.
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Chapter 9: Systemic Factors Influencing Periodontal Diseases
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Q1) Dental hygienists should routinely take blood pressure readings for adult patients at each visit.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus account for approximately what percent of all those with diabetes?
A) 10% to 20%
B) 40% to 50%
C) 60% to 70%
D) 80% to 90%
Q3) When administering routine dental care to patients with congestive heart failure who are under good medical control,the dental chair should be placed in what position?
A) Erect
B) Supine
C) Reclining
D) Erect or partially reclining
E) As reclined as the patient can tolerate
Q4) The ischemic heart disease of ______________ can be both predictable and controlled with medications.
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Chapter 10: Treatment Planning for the Periodontal Patient
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Q1) ________________ is permission to proceed with treatment that the patient grants to the clinician.
Q2) What is the correct order for the dental hygiene process of care?
A) Diagnosis, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation
B) Assessment, evaluation, diagnosis, planning, implementation
C) Evaluation, assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation
D) Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
E) Planning, assessment, evaluation, diagnosis, implementation
Q3) Patient education takes place during which phase of the treatment plan?
A) Restorative
B) Preliminary
C) Etiologic treatment
D) Maintenance
E) Surgical
Q4) What three things should the patient always be informed of before treatment?
Chapter 11: Occlusion and Temporomandibular Disorders
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Q1) The dental hygienist should perform a TMJ disorder screening examination for each patient and then:
A) Provide a preliminary diagnosis.
B) Provide a follow-up examination with a comprehensive evaluation.
C) Refer the patient to the dentist if orthofunction is present.
D) Refer the patient to the dentist if signs and symptoms of a TMJ disorder are present.
Q2) TMJ disorders are a grouping of musculoskeletal conditions that produce pain or dysfunction in the masticatory system.A problem occurring with the TMJ is known as extracapsular.
A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.
Q3) Trismus
A)Spasm in the masticatory muscles associated with a disturbance in the trigeminal nerve
B)Grinding or gnashing of the teeth
C)Grating noise in the TMJ
D)Vibration or movement of a tooth when in function
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Plaque Biofilm and Disease Control for the
Periodontal Patient
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Q1) Bass technique
A)Bristles are directed apically at a 45-degree angle to the long axis of the tooth, using short vibratory strokes.The focus of this technique is on sulcular cleaning.
B)Bristles are directed coronally at a 45-degree angle to the long axis of the tooth.Bristles are repeatedly pressed against the gingival margin and then lifted away.The focus of this technique is to massage the tissue and to increase blood flow.
C)This technique is the simplest.Bristles are placed on the teeth and moved back and forth.This technique does not focus on cleaning the gingival margin.
D)Bristles are directed apically but not at a right angle to the gingival.Pressure is applied to flex the bristles and blanch the tissues.The focus of this technique is to increased blood flow through gingival stimulation and to use salt water and sodium bicarbonate solutions.
Q2) Ultimately,the patient is responsible for long-term maintenance of his or her teeth and gingival health.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
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Q1) The periodontium can be probed without penetrating through immature connective tissue for approximately how long after the periodontal débridement appointment?
A) 4 to 6 days
B) 1 to 2 days
C) 4 to 6 weeks
D) 1 to 2 weeks
Q2) Which of the following nonsurgical approaches will reduce the bacterial flora of the periodontal pocket?
A) Irrigation
B) Hand scaling
C) Electric-powered scaling
D) All of the above
Q3) Office-applied desensitizing agents can be expected to provide relief for approximately how long?
A) 1 day
B) 1 week
C) 2 weeks
D) 1 month
Q4) The rationale for nonsurgical periodontal therapy is
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Periodontal Surgery
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Q1) The value of a tooth is a significant consideration when determining the need for periodontal surgery.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term for a periodontal bone graft that is made from bovine or porcine bone material is:
A) Allograft
B) Alloplast
C) Autograft
D) Xenograft
Q3) What are two of the six primary advantages of periodontal surgery as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment?
Q4) Patients frequently report which side effect after periodontal surgery?
A) No discomfort
B) Tooth sensitivity
C) Flap displacement
D) Swelling and infection
E) Pleasant taste sensation
Q5) Attachment loss is measured from the ___________ to the _____________.
Page 17
Q6) What are three of the seven goals for periodontal surgery?
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Chapter 15: Dental Implants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most conventional length for an implant is:
A) 4 to 10 mm
B) 6 to 12 mm
C) 8 to 14 mm
D) 10 to 16 mm
Q2) Osseointegration is defined as:
A) An osseous defect in the bone that surrounds one or more teeth
B) Inflammation in and around the area of a dental implant
C) Growth action of the bone tissue directly to the implant surface
D) The official name of the screw that secures the abutment to the implant
Q3) All of the following are criteria for implant success except one.Which criterion is the exception?
A) Absence of mobility
B) Presence of radiolucency
C) Less than 4 mm bone loss
D) Absence of marginal bone loss
E) Absence of soft-tissue complications
Q4) Rough-surface implants show a higher rate of bone apposition and growth.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Periodontal Emergencies
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Q1) A periapical abscess must be treated as soon as possible.Periapical abscesses can lead to life-threatening situations.
A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.
Q2) Once an abscess drains and is no longer causing discomfort,treatment may be delayed for several months.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The periodontal emergency that occurs in an otherwise healthy periodontium is usually:
A) Pericoronitis
B) Gingival abscess
C) Periapical abscess
D) Acute periodontal abscess
E) Chronic periodontal abscess
Q4) Suppuration is always found in patients with acute periodontal abscesses.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Periodontal Maintenance and Prevention
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Q1) During the maintenance appointment,a periodontal evaluation is mandatory to assess the current periodontal status of the patient.What components are included in the periodontal evaluation?
A) Probe depths, bleeding assessment, furcations, and mucogingival involvement
B) Probe depths, gingival recession, bleeding assessment, furcations, and mucogingival involvement
C) Probe depths, gingival recession, bleeding assessment, furcations, mobility, and mucogingival involvement
D) Probe depths, gingival recession, bleeding assessment, furcations, mobility, mucogingival involvement, and plaque biofilm and calculus assessment
Q2) To prevent disease,the role of the dental hygienist does not include the need to emphasize the significance of personal oral hygiene or to review the appropriate plaque biofilm removal techniques during each maintenance visit.
A)True B)False
Q3) The major objective of periodontal therapy is to ________________.
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Chapter 18: Prognosis and Results After Periodontal Therapy
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Q1) Sometimes,individual teeth that can be successfully treated for periodontal disease cannot be restored.The prognosis for the individual tooth would be:
A) Good to excellent
B) Fair to poor
C) Questionable
D) Cannot be determined
Q2) Attachment loss and furcation involvement (Class I),likely patient cooperation,and controlled systemic factors all describe which one of the following categories of individual tooth prognoses?
A) Excellent
B) Good
C) Fair
D) Poor
E) Questionable f. Hopeless
Q3) The prognosis is not a major consideration when treatment planning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The clinical condition that is considered a risk predictor for patients on periodontal maintenance is ________________________________.
Page 21
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