Dental Hygiene Radiology
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Dental Hygiene Radiology introduces students to the fundamental principles and practices of dental radiology as they pertain to dental hygiene. The course covers the physics of x-radiation, radiation biology, safety protocols, and infection control specific to radiographic procedures. Students learn techniques for exposing, processing, and mounting dental radiographs, as well as interpreting common radiographic findings. Emphasis is placed on the accurate and safe application of extraoral and intraoral radiographic methods, regulatory guidelines, patient management, and the role of radiography in comprehensive dental care.
Recommended Textbook
Dental Radiography Principles and Techniques 5th Edition by Joen Iannucci DDS MS
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885 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Radiation History
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
A)Otto Walkoff
B)Wilhelm Roentgen
C)Edmund Kells
D)Weston Price
Answer: C
Q2) The x-ray was discovered by
A)Heinrich Geissler
B)Wilhelm Roentgen
C)Johann Hittorf
D)William Crookes
Answer: B
Q3) Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
A)C.Edmund Kells
B)Franklin W.McCormack
C)F.Gordon Fitzgerald
D)Howard Riley Raper
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Radiation Physics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionization?
A)Radio waves
B)Visible light
C)Ultraviolet light
D)X-rays
Answer: D
Q2) Your patient had x-rays taken in her previous dental office.She notices that the long metal tube at the end of the x-ray head is longer than it was at the other office.What explanation would you give for the purpose of the tube,or cone,attached to the x-ray head?
A)It surrounds the x-ray tube,protects the x-ray tube,and grounds the high-voltage components.
B)It seals the oil in the tubehead and acts as a filter to the x-ray beam.
C)It filters out the nonpenetrating,longer-wavelength x-rays.
D)It aims and shapes the x-ray beam.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Radiation Characteristics
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are going to take dental images on your patient.He is larger than average.What machine setting adjustment should you make prior to taking dental images?
A)Increase kV.
B)Increase mA.
C)Increase impulses.
D)You don't need to make any adjustments.
Answer: C
Q2) You have taken your first dental image on your patient.The contrast is high and you are looking for periodontal disease.You are using a DC machine and you have control of your settings.You have a 60- to 70-kV range and a 6- to 8-mA range.You had the kV set at 60,the mA set at 7,and the impulses set at 6/100.While leaving all other settings the same,which setting would you adjust to create better contrast for detecting periodontal disease?
A)Increase kV to 70.
B)Increase mA to 8.
C)Decrease mA to 6.
D)Increase time to 7/100.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient is concerned about being exposed to dental x-rays.Which of the following could you tell your patient to alleviate her fears?
A)We take x-rays once a year,it is safe,and that is all your insurance will pay for.
B)Your risk of getting cancer from dental x-rays is only 2 times greater than getting cancer spontaneously.
C)The risks from dental imaging are not significantly greater than the risks of other everyday activities in modern life.
D)Three fourths of the radiation exposure you will have throughout your life will come from background radiation.
Q2) The potential risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer in an individual is about _________ the risk of a person developing cancer spontaneously.
A)1/10
B)1/100
C)1/1000
D)1/1,000,000
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6
Chapter 5: Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lead apron
A)is recommended for intraoral exposures.
B)is not recommended for extraoral exposures.
C)is an option;use is not mandated by any state or federal law.
D)is used to protect the thyroid gland.
Q2) Which of the following can you do after x-ray receptor exposure to reduce(s)the amount of x-radiation your patient receives?
A)Proper placement of the lead apron
B)Proper image retrieval
C)Proper instrument technique
D)Selecting proper exposure settings
Q3) According to the current recommendations (2003)of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,the current MPD for occupationally exposed persons is ___________/year.
A)500 millirem
B)5.0 rem
C)50 rem
D)5000 rem
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Chapter 6: Dental X-Ray Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____________ allow(s)for positioning of the tubehead.
A)control devices
B)extension arm
C)control panel
D)exposure button
Q2) The Rinn XCP is a
A)beam alignment device.
B)Styrofoam bite-block.
C)snap-on metal collimating device.
D)Uni-bite.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true of the receptor holder?
A)It is used to align an extraoral dental x-ray receptor.
B)It requires the patient to stabilize the receptor in the mouth.
C)It is required when using the intraoral paralleling technique.
D)It is required when using the intraoral bisecting technique.
Q4) A _____________ eliminates the need for the patient to stabilize the receptor.
A)PID (position-indicating device)
B)receptor holder
C)control panel
D)beam alignment device
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Chapter 7: Dental X-Ray Film
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which component of x-ray film has a suspension of millions of microscopic silver halide crystals?
A)Film base
B)Adhesive layer
C)Gelatin
D)Halide crystals
Q2) The invisible pattern of stored energy on the exposed film is called the A)variable density pattern.
B)latent image.
C)x-ray photon.
D)emulsion.
Q3) Which type of intraoral film is best for visualizing interproximal surfaces?
A)Periapical
B)Bite-wing
C)Occlusal
D)Periapical and occlusal
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Chapter 8: Dental X-Ray Image Characteristics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The range of useful densities seen on a dental image is termed the A)film contrast.
B)subject contrast.
C)scale of contrast.
D)kilovoltage peak.
Q2) When a high operating kilovoltage is used,(low/high)subject contrast and (many shades of gray/areas of black and white)are seen on the dental image.
A)Low subject contrast;many shades of gray
B)Low subject contrast;areas of black and white
C)High subject contrast;many shades of gray
D)High subject contrast;areas of black and white
Q3) The typical stepwedge is constructed of A)aluminum.
B)steel.
C)wood.
D)copper.
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Chapter 9: Dental X-Ray Film Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major advantage of automatic film processing versus manual film processing is A)less processing time is required.
B)time is manually controlled.
C)water temperature is manually controlled.
D)more sophisticated equipment is used.
Q2) All excess chemicals are removed from the emulsion during A)development. B)rinsing.
C)fixation.
D)washing.
Q3) Normal use of processing chemistry is defined as ____ intraoral films per day. A)18
B)30
C)50
D)60
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11
Chapter 10: Quality Assurance in the Dental Office
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Sample Questions
Q1) A film-screen contact test is used to test the A)output of the x-ray machine.
B)quality of intraoral films.
C)cassette holder for extraoral films.
D)freshness of extraoral film.
Q2) If the film clears in ____ minutes,the chemistry is of adequate strength.
A)2
B)6
C)8
D)14
Q3) The clearing test is used to monitor A)developer strength.
B)fixer strength.
C)water bath temperature.
D)processing speed.
Q4) To perform the coin test,the film and coin are exposed to A)the safelight.
B)the darkroom ceiling or white light.
C)the light with the darkroom door open.
D)no light at all.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Dental Radiographs and the Dental
Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assigned responsibilities of dental auxiliaries in regard to dental imaging may include
A)diagnosing disease on dental images.
B)prescribing dental images.
C)education of patients about dental imaging.
D)creating a treatment plan based on the findings of dental images.
Q2) (1)It is your responsibility to maintain competence in taking dental images;taking continuing education courses is one example.(2)You should always do your best to properly position and expose receptors in a manner that is accurate,time efficient,and comfortable for your patient.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true,and the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false,and the second statement is true.
Q3) Dental images enable the dental professional to see ___________ conditions that may otherwise go undetected.
A)rare
B)common
C)occasional
D)many
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) If,while treating your patient,your nonverbal messages are consistent with your verbal messages,your patient is more likely to A)relax.
B)be distrustful.
C)be apprehensive.
D)be fearful.
Q2) Communication is defined in the text as
A)having a conversation.
B)establishing a connection.
C)the process by which information is exchanged between two or more persons.
D)two or more persons in the same location or room.
Q3) Which of the following would be an example of the use of interpersonal skills rather than technical skills with patients?
A)Proper maintenance of processing equipment
B)Discussing the rationale for use of dental images
C)Correct receptor positioning
D)Preventing light leaks in the darkroom
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14
Chapter 13: Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Original dental images are the property of
A)the dentist.
B)the patient.
C)both patient and dentist.
D)the government.
Q2) The frequency for taking images on your pediatric patients should be based on
A)their age.
B)the individual needs of the child.
C)a 6-month interval for bite-wing images.
D)a 12-month interval for bite-wing images.
Q3) How frequently should you take dental images on your patients?
A)Based on the patient's needs
B)Every 6 months
C)Every 12 months
D)Every 24 months
Q4) Which of the following types of questions must be answered only by the dentist?
A)The need for dental images
B)X-ray exposure
C)Questions about diagnosis
D)The safety of dental x-rays
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Chapter 14: Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you take dental images on your patient before getting his informed consent,your patient can legally claim
A)negligence.
B)malpractice.
C)malpractice or negligence.
D)disclosure.
Q2) The standard of care can be defined as the quality of care that is provided by dental practitioners in _______ locality under _________________ conditions.
A)any;similar or very different
B)a similar;the same or similar
C)any;the same or similar
D)a similar;similar or very different
Q3) Which of the following constitutes a person who can provide legal informed consent?
A)An individual under the influence of drugs or alcohol
B)An adult (over the age of 18)who is of sound mind
C)An individual who under duress has consented to the treatment
D)An individual who received an incomplete description of the proposed treatment
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Chapter 15: Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infection control is critical in your dental operatory because pathogens can be transmitted easily through which of the following
1)your patient to you.
2)you to your patient.
3)from one patient to another patient.
A)1,2,3
B)1,3
C)2,3
D)1,2
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding your usage of disposable medical gloves?
A)You may rewash you gloves between patients until they show visible damage.
B)You can use nonsterile gloves for examinations and nonsurgical procedures.
C)You do not need to wash your hands before gloving.
D)You do not need to wash your hands between patients.
Q3) Commercially available barrier envelopes
A)minimize contamination before exposure of the film.
B)minimize contamination after exposure of the film.
C)are made of a material that blocks the passage of photons.
D)are made of a material that blocks the passage of electrons.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Introduction to Radiographic Examinations
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have been asked to take a dental image of your patient's mandible.Which type of image would you take?
A)Periapical
B)Bite-wing
C)Occlusal
D)Lateral jaw
Q2) How many dental images would you take for a CMR on your edentulous patient?
A)4
B)7
C)14
D)18
Q3) CMS stands for
A)complete mouth restorative series.
B)complete mouth series.
C)complete mouth restorative service.
D)complete mouth service.
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18
Chapter 17: Paralleling Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) Image magnification can be decreased when the _______________ is increased.
A)target-object
B)object-receptor
C)target-receptor
D)operator-patient
Q2) (1)The dental radiographer should be careful not to stimulate the patient's gag reflex.(2)Once the gag reflex is stimulated,the patient may gag on receptors that could normally be tolerated.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q3) The lingual cusp of the first premolar usually obscures the distal contact of the canine on the ________________ exposure.
A)maxillary canine
B)maxillary incisor
C)mandibular canine
D)mandibular incisor
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Chapter 18: Bisecting Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary disadvantage of the bisecting technique when contrasted with the paralleling technique is
A)longer exposure times.
B)dimensional distortion.
C)requirement of a receptor holder.
D)greater magnification.
Q2) Which of the following commercially available receptor holders is recommended for one-time use only?
A)Rinn XCP instruments
B)Rinn BAI instruments
C)Stabe bite-block
D)Snap-A-Ray receptor holder
Q3) When the bisecting technique is used,foreshortening will occur if the central ray is directed perpendicular to the A)plane of the receptor.
B)imaginary bisector.
C)long axis of the tooth on the same arch.
D)long axis of the tooth on the opposite arch.
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Chapter 19: Bite-Wing Technique
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Q1) Which of the following exposure sequences is recommended for the patient who requires both periapical and bite-wing images?
1)Bite-wing exposures
2)Anterior periapical receptors
3)Posterior periapical receptors
A)1,2,3
B)2,1,3
C)2,3,1
D)3,1,2
Q2) When determining vertical angulation,if the position-indicating device (PID)is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed _______,the vertical angulation is termed _________.
A)upward;positive
B)downward;positive
C)upward;negative
D)downward;negative
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21
Chapter 20: Exposure and Technique Errors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following choices may be the cause of an unexposed film or receptor?
A)Excessive exposure time
B)Failure to turn on the x-ray machine
C)Excessive kilovoltage
D)Excessive milliamperage
Q2) When the occlusal plane appears tipped or tilted,the error is a(n)
A)incorrect horizontal angulation.
B)incorrect vertical angulation.
C)dropped receptor corner.
D)elongated image.
Q3) To prevent underexposure,check and increase ___________ as needed.
1)exposure time
2)kilovoltage
3)milliamperage
A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)1,3
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Chapter 21: Occlusal and Localization Techniques
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Q1) The pediatric projection is recommended for use in children ____ years old or younger.
A)2
B)5
C)8
D)10
Q2) When the right-angle technique is used,an occlusal receptor is exposed directing the central ray at ____ degrees to the receptor.
A)20
B)45
C)65
D)90
Q3) Which of the following is a maxillary occlusal projection but not a mandibular occlusal projection?
A)Topographic occlusal projection
B)Lateral occlusal projection
C)Cross-sectional occlusal projection
D)Pediatric projection
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Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging
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Q1) The collimator used in panoramic imaging has an opening in the shape of a _____________ slit.
A)narrow horizontal
B)narrow vertical
C)wide horizontal
D)wide vertical
Q2) Green-sensitive film must be paired with intensifying screens that produce ________ light.
A)yellow
B)blue
C)red
D)green
Q3) In panoramic imaging,the pivotal point,or axis,around which the cassette carrier and x-ray tubehead rotate is termed a
A)terminal hinge axis.
B)rotation center.
C)tipping point.
D)germinal center.
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Chapter 23: Extraoral Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) The beam should be directed _______________ degrees for the ramus of the mandible projection.
A)downward at 15 to 20
B)upward at 15 to 20
C)downward at 45
D)upward at 45
Q2) Which of the following choices is a type of lateral jaw projection?
A)Lateral cephalometric projection
B)Reverse Towne projection
C)Waters projection
D)Body of the mandible projection
Q3) For the transcranial projection,the central ray is directed toward a point _____ inches above and 0.5 inches behind the opening of the ear canal.
A)0.5
B)1.0
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25
Chapter 24: Imaging of Patients With Special Needs
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Q1) When taking images on a patient with a hearing disability,you should wear your mask because of infection control guidelines.
A)Both parts of the statement are true.
B)Both parts of the statement are false.
C)The first part of the statement is true;the second part of the statement is false.
D)The first part of the statement is false;the second part of the statement is true.
Q2) Your patient is edentulous and has very little alveolar ridge remaining.Which technique would you use for a periapical examination on your patient?
A)Bisecting
B)Paralleling
C)Occlusal
D)Interproximal
Q3) A size ____ receptor is typically used for the edentulous examination. A)0
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Chapter 25: Digital Imaging
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Q1) Which of the following would be a reason to switch from film to direct digital imaging?
A)The digital network makes it more difficult to store images.
B)The digital image cannot be incorporated into the electronic record.
C)Images cannot be electronically transmitted to other dental professionals.
D)Digital images can be printed when needed.
Q2) With digital imaging,the term ___________ is used to describe the pictures that are produced.
A)radiograph
B)x-ray film
C)image
D)phosphor
Q3) (1)A primary advantage to digital imaging is the superior gray-scale resolution that results.(1)Digital imaging uses up to 32 shades of gray.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
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Chapter 26: Three-Dimensional Digital Imaging
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Q1) The number of gray-scale colors available to be chosen for each pixel in the image is called
A)two-dimensional volume rendering.
B)three-dimensional volume rendering.
C)spatial resolution.
D)contrast resolution.
Q2) The specialized equipment necessary for three-dimensional imaging that accepts the raw data and converts it to a stack of axial images called DICOM images is called the
A)computer.
B)control panel.
C)imaging hardware.
D)CBCT machine.
Q3) The reconstruction of raw data into images when imported into viewing software to create three anatomic planes of the body is called
A)multiplanar reconstruction.
B)axial plane.
C)coronal plane.
D)sagittal plane.
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Chapter 27: Normal Anatomy: Intraoral Images
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Q1) An empty space within the bone is known as a A)canal.
B)foramen.
C)fossa.
D)sinus.
Q2) The ______________ is found in the submandibular fossa.
A)inferior alveolar nerve
B)submandibular salivary gland
C)mylohyoid muscle
D)lingual nerve
Q3) On a dental image,the alveolar crest is typically located _________ mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces.
A)0.5 to 1.0
B)1.5 to 2.0
C)2.0 to 3.0
D)1.5 to 3.0
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Chapter 28: Film Mounting and Viewing
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Q1) According to your text,when viewing radiographs in sequential order,the third step in viewing radiographs should begin with the
A)mandibular left side.
B)mandibular right side.
C)maxillary left side.
D)right molar bitewings.
Q2) Radiographs are intended to be placed in a film holder in
A)the order in which they were exposed.
B)the order in which they were processed.
C)anatomic order.
D)the order prescribed by the American Dental Association (ADA)nomenclature.
Q3) (1)The text recommends that you choose a particular order for viewing the mounted radiographs to prevent skipping a radiograph.(2)When viewing radiographs,you should look carefully at each film so that you only have to look at the set of radiographs once.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
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Chapter 29: Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Images
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Q1) The anterior nasal spine is a pointed,bony protrusion of the maxilla situated ____________ the nasal fossa.
A)in front of and above
B)in front of and below
C)behind and above
D)behind and below
Q2) The mastoid process is a sizable curved __________ that ______ seen on periapical images.
A)radiolucency;is
B)radiolucency;is not
C)radiopacity;is
D)radiopacity;is not
Q3) Mandibular canal
A)Label I
B)Label H
C)Label J
D)Label A
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Chapter 30: Introduction to Image Interpretation
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Q1) After exposing you patient's dental images,you would most likely examine the images in which of the following areas?
A)Business office
B)Darkroom
C)Operatory
D)Reception room
Q2) The definition of interpret is to
A)establish a diagnosis.
B)offer an explanation.
C)process radiographs.
D)mount radiographs.
Q3) Dental image interpretation enables the dental professional to play a vital role in the detection of _________ of the teeth and jaws that cannot be identified clinicall y.1.lesions
2)diseases
3)conditions
A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)1,3
D)1 only
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Chapter 31: Descriptive Terminology
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Q1) (1)It is important to document all pathology according to location,size,and appearance.(2)Describing a lesion as poorly defined and irregular is an example of documenting the size of the pathology.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q2) Your patient is looking at his dental image and wants to know what the space between the roots of tooth number 29 and 30 is called.Which of the following is the correct term?
A)Periapical
B)Inter-radicular
C)Pericoronal
D)Edentulous zone
Q3) A unilocular lesion with corticated borders is usually indicative of a __________ process.
A)benign slow-growing
B)benign rapidly growing
C)malignant slow-growing
D)malignant rapidly growing
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Chapter 32: Identification of Restorations, dental Materials, and Foreign Objects
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Q1) Which of the following is the most common restorative material used in dentistry?
A)Porcelain
B)Cast gold
C)Amalgam
D)Acrylic
Q2) You are having difficulty determining whether the radiolucent area on tooth number 7 on the dental image is decay or a composite restoration.Which of the following should you do?
A)Ask your patient.
B)Perform a clinical examination.
C)Search on the Internet.
D)Look in a textbook.
Q3) Porcelain restorations are
A)radiolucent.
B)slightly radiolucent.
C)slightly radiopaque.
D)radiopaque.
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Chapter 33: Interpretation of Dental Caries
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Q1) Which of the following carious lesions cannot be found on a dental image and must be identified clinically?
1)Incipient
2)Moderate
3)Severe
A)1,2,3
B)1,3
C)2,3
D)1 only
Q2) You are viewing your patient's bite-wing images.He has an interproximal carious lesion that is almost to the pulp.What is the classification of the lesion?
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
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Chapter 34: Interpretation of Periodontal Disease
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Q1) The normal periodontal ligament space appears as a ______________ line.
A)thin radiopaque
B)thin radiolucent
C)thick radiopaque
D)thick radiolucent
Q2) Severe bone loss is defined as a loss of __________.
A)1 to 2 mm
B)2 to 3 mm
C)3 to 4 mm
D)5 mm or greater
Q3) You suspect your patient has periodontal disease in the molar regions.Which of the following dental images should you take?
A)Horizontal bite-wing
B)Vertical bite-wing
C)Panoramic
D)Periapical
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Chapter 35: Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions
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Q1) Absorption of a tooth that is occurs from the inside out is called ___________ resorption.
A)physiologic
B)pathologic
C)external
D)internal
Q2) The periapical abscess
A)refers to a tooth with an infection in the pulp.
B)is a purulent inflammation within the periodontal tissues.
C)is treated with deep scaling and debridement.
D)when it heals,the tooth is still vital.
Q3) Condensing osteitis is seen ________ the apex of a __________ tooth.
A)below;vital
B)below;nonvital
C)above;vital
D)above;nonvital
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