

Dental Hygiene Radiology
Pre-Test Questions

Course Introduction
Dental Hygiene Radiology is a foundational course designed to familiarize students with the principles and practices of dental radiography. The course covers the theory and application of radiographic techniques, including the safe operation of radiographic equipment, interpretation of radiographic images, and the implementation of infection control protocols. Students learn about the biological effects of radiation, radiation protection methods, film processing, digital imaging, and the identification of normal and abnormal anatomical structures. Emphasis is placed on patient safety, accurate imaging, and effective communication of findings within the scope of dental hygiene practice.
Recommended Textbook
Dental Radiography Principles and Techniques 5th Edition by Joen Iannucci DDS MS
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35 Chapters
885 Verified Questions
885 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Radiation History
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Current fast radiographic film requires ____ % less exposure time than the initial exposure times used in 1920.
A)33
B)98
C)73
D)2
Answer: D
Q2) The x-ray was discovered by
A)Heinrich Geissler
B)Wilhelm Roentgen
C)Johann Hittorf
D)William Crookes
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
A)Increased patient radiation exposure
B)Increased patient comfort
C)Increased speed for viewing images
D)Increased chemical usage
Answer: C
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Page 3

Chapter 2: Radiation Physics
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36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your x-ray machine runs off 110 volts.Theoretically what would occur if there was no step-down transformer in the x-ray control panel?
A)Too few electrons would be produced for the purpose of dental x-rays.65,000 to 100,000 volts are required to heat the tungsten filament.
B)Too few electrons would be produced for the purpose of dental x-rays.50,000 to 75,000 volts are required to heat the tungsten filament.
C)Too many electrons would be produced for the purpose of dental x-rays.Only 3-5 volts are required to heat the tungsten filament.
D)There would be no interruption in function of the machine.
Answer: C
Q2) Photons are
A)bundles of energy with mass and weight.
B)bundles of energy that travel at the speed of sound.
C)a component of the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation.
D)a component of the wave concept of electromagnetic radiation.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Radiation Characteristics
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________ is a measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges.
A)Exposure time
B)Wavelength
C)Voltage
D)Ampere
Answer: C
Q2) In dental radiography,the term ________ is used to describe the mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.
A)quality
B)quantity
C)intensity
D)wavelength
Answer: A
Q3) When the kilovoltage is increased
A)electrons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed.
B)photons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed.
C)electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.
D)photons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Radiation Biology
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36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Uranium is an example of __________ radiation.
A)terrestrial
B)cosmic
C)artificial
D)internal
Q2) One gray is equivalent to ______ rad(s).
A)1
B)10
C)100
D)1000
Q3) (1)More radiation damage takes place with high dose rates (2)because a rapid delivery of radiation does not allow time for cellular damage to be repaired.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
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Chapter 5: Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) The collimator ____________
A)is always round.
B)restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
C)is a solid piece of aluminum.
D)is fitted within the copper stem beneath the molybdenum cup.
Q2) State and federal laws require that dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kVp have a minimum total (inherent plus added filtration)of ____ mm of aluminum filtration.
A)1.5
B)2.0
C)2.5
D)5.0
Q3) The thyroid collar
A)is recommended for all intraoral exposures.
B)is recommended for all extraoral exposures.
C)is placed over the patient's chest and lap and extends to protect the thyroid.
D)is recommended for both intraoral and extraoral exposures.
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Chapter 6: Dental X-Ray Equipment
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A beam alignment device can be used to help the dental radiographer position the PID in relation to the _____________ and the receptor.
A)control panel
B)extension arm
C)collimator
D)tooth
Q2) During an exposure
A)the exposure button is briefly depressed and then released to initiate the exposure.
B)the exposure button is firmly depressed until the preset exposure time is completed.
C)the exposure light on the control panel is illuminated to signal the completion of the exposure.
D)a beep sounds to signal initiation of the exposure.
Q3) A _____________ eliminates the need for the patient to stabilize the receptor.
A)PID (position-indicating device)
B)receptor holder
C)control panel
D)beam alignment device
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Chapter 7: Dental X-Ray Film
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rare earth screens
A)have phosphors that emit blue light.
B)have phosphors that emit green light.
C)are less efficient than calcium tungstate intensifying screens.
D)are slower than calcium tungstate intensifying screens.
Q2) Which component of x-ray film has a suspension of millions of microscopic silver halide crystals?
A)Film base
B)Adhesive layer
C)Gelatin
D)Halide crystals
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding dental x-ray film and formation of the latent image?
A)The film is placed to the buccal of the teeth.
B)The film is placed to the lingual of the teeth.
C)A periapical film is an extraoral film.
D)A bite-wing film is an extraoral film.
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9

Chapter 8: Dental X-Ray Image Characteristics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dental image that has ______________ is said to have high contrast.
A)a very dark overall appearance
B)a very light overall appearance
C)many shades of gray
D)very dark areas and very light areas
Q2) Density is defined as
A)a radiopaque image.
B)a radiolucent image.
C)the overall blackness or darkness of an image.
D)the difference in degrees of blackness between adjacent areas on a dental image.
Q3) The geometric characteristic of _____________ refers to an image that appears larger than the actual size of the object it represents.
A)magnification
B)distortion
C)sharpness
D)parallax
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Chapter 9: Dental X-Ray Film Processing
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lid of the processing tank prevents which of the following from occurring?
A)Oxidation and evaporation of chemicals
B)Imbibing water into chemicals
C)Raising the humidity level in the room to levels that would negatively affect processing
D)Water contamination in the master tank
Q2) Developer solution will not be effective below
A)60 degrees Fahrenheit.
B)63 degrees Fahrenheit.
C)65 degrees Fahrenheit.
D)75 degrees Fahrenheit.
Q3) (1)Developer chemicals contain a preservative that prevents the chemicals from oxidizing when exposed to air.(2)Sodium carbonate is the preservative used in developer solutions.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
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11

Chapter 10: Quality Assurance in the Dental Office
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the test for dental x-ray film,if the processed film appears clear with a slight blue tint,the film
A)has expired.
B)is fresh and has been properly stored and protected.
C)has been improperly stored.
D)has been exposed to radiation.
Q2) How frequently should you monitor the digital imaging equipment in your office?
A)Weekly
B)Monthly
C)Yearly
D)Based on manufacturer specifications
Q3) In order to perform the safelighting test,you would use ___________.
A)a wire mesh
B)fogging
C)a coin
D)a stepwedge
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Chapter 11: Dental Radiographs and the Dental
Radiographer
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) (1)It is your responsibility to maintain competence in taking dental images;taking continuing education courses is one example.(2)You should always do your best to properly position and expose receptors in a manner that is accurate,time efficient,and comfortable for your patient.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true,and the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false,and the second statement is true.
Q2) Dental images are a(n)_______________ comprehensive patient care. A)adjunct to B)necessary component of C)option for D)supplement to
Q3) When dental images are properly prescribed,exposed,and processed,the benefit of disease detection ____________ the risk of small doses of x-radiation.
A)does not outweigh B)is considered equal C)slightly outweighs D)far outweighs

Page 13
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Chapter 12: Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patients will feel that you are indifferent to them if you do which of the following nonverbal communication actions? .
A)Use consistent verbal and nonverbal messages.
B)Do not look them directly in the eyes.
C)Lean slightly toward them.
D)Have an attentive posture.
Q2) Good verbal communication skills for dental radiographers involve A)speaking in a rushed manner to convince the patient that the radiographer is working hard.
B)using words such as cut,drill,and scrape to put the procedure in the patient's language so that the patient may understand.
C)a loud tone of voice so that the patient may hear clearly.
D)a soft tone of voice.
Q3) Communication is defined in the text as
A)having a conversation.
B)establishing a connection.
C)the process by which information is exchanged between two or more persons.
D)two or more persons in the same location or room.
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Chapter 13: Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient is really concerned about getting cancer from dental images.You can relieve her fears because ___________ people have gotten cancer from dental x-rays.
A)zero
B)less than 50
C)between 50 and 100
D)more than 100
Q2) Your patient really doesn't understand why images are necessary.You need to take images because your patient has extensive restorations and you suspect recurrent decay under several restorations.Which of the following educational methods should you use to help the patient gain the best understanding of why images are needed?
A)An oral presentation
B)Printed literature
C)An oral presentation with printed literature
D)A non-committal answer
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Chapter 14: Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you take dental images on your patient before getting his informed consent,your patient can legally claim
A)negligence.
B)malpractice.
C)malpractice or negligence.
D)disclosure.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of dental images and the patient's dental record?
A)Dental images may be discarded when outdated.
B)It is advised to keep patient dental images in a file separate from patient charts.
C)The dental record must include documentation of the number and type of dental images exposed.
D)Dental images are an optional rather than integral part of the dental record.
Q3) The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a ________ law.
A)federal
B)state
C)county
D)city
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Chapter 15: Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critical instruments are defined as instruments
A)that are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone.
B)that contact but do not penetrate soft tissue.
C)that contact but do not penetrate bone.
D)or devices that do not come in contact with mucous membranes.
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding your usage of disposable medical gloves?
A)You may rewash you gloves between patients until they show visible damage.
B)You can use nonsterile gloves for examinations and nonsurgical procedures.
C)You do not need to wash your hands before gloving.
D)You do not need to wash your hands between patients.
Q3) Another term for infection control is __________,which means the absence of pathogens,or disease-causing microorganisms.
A)antiseptic
B)antibiotic
C)antiinfective
D)asepsis
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Chapter 16: Introduction to Radiographic Examinations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient has no clinical sign of disease;how frequently should you take a CMS on your patient?
A)Every year
B)Every other year
C)Once every 3 to 5 years
D)You cannot take a CMS
Q2) Which of the following is an extraoral technique for dental image examination?
A)Panoramic
B)Interproximal
C)Periapical
D)Occlusal
Q3) Your new adult patient has no clinical sign of disease and no restorations.Which of the following images should you take?
A)Periapicals
B)Bite-wings
C)CMS
D)Occlusals
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18

Chapter 17: Paralleling Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) When placing the receptor in the mandibular premolar region,the receptor must be placed ________ the tongue.When inserting the receptor holder into the mouth,the receptor is tipped __________ the tongue.
A)over;toward B)over;away from C)under;toward D)under;away from
Q2) To achieve parallelism between the receptor and the tooth,the ____________ distance must be increased to keep the receptor parallel with the long axis of the tooth.
A)target-object
B)object-receptor
C)target-receptor
D)operator-patient
Q3) How many exposures of the posterior teeth will you need to take when using the paralleling technique?
A)Four
B)Six
C)Seven
D)Eight
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Page 19

Chapter 18: Bisecting Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elongated images refer to images of the teeth that appear __________.Elongation of images results from _____________ vertical angulation.
A)too long;excessive
B)too long;insufficient
C)shortened;excessive
D)shortened;insufficient
Q2) According to the recommended posterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique,the second posterior quadrant exposed should be the A)maxillary right quadrant.
B)maxillary left quadrant.
C)mandibular right quadrant.
D)mandibular left quadrant.
Q3) When adjusting the horizontal angulation,the PID is moved ___________.When adjusting the vertical angulation,the PID is moved ______________.
A)side-to-side;side-to-side
B)side-to-side;up-and-down
C)up-and-down;side-to-side
D)up-and-down;up-and-down
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20

Chapter 19: Bite-Wing Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) What modification in technique is recommended when the patient has an edentulous space causing a problem with bite-wing receptor placement?
A)Skip the bite-wing receptor.
B)Place a cotton roll in the area of the missing tooth or teeth.
C)Have the patient hold the receptor in position with a hemostat.
D)Take a periapical receptor with a bite-block instead.
Q2) (1)Overlapped interproximal contacts are caused by improper vertical angulation.(2)To prevent overlap,the vertical angulation should be adjusted to +10 degrees.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q3) The contacts on your dental image are closed.You will need to take a retake.What should you do in order to achieve open contacts on your retake dental image?
A)Direct the PID at a +10 degree vertical angulation.
B)Direct the PID at a -10 degree vertical angulation.
C)Direct the PID through the contacts of the teeth.
D)Stabilize the receptor when the patient bites.
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Page 21

Chapter 20: Exposure and Technique Errors
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the third molar regions are not visible on a molar bite-wing image,the solution is to
A)decrease the vertical angulation of the tubehead.
B)increase the vertical angulation of the tubehead.
C)position the anterior edge of the receptor at the midline of the mandibular first premolar.
D)position the anterior edge of the receptor at the midline of the mandibular second premolar.
Q2) To avoid a double exposure,
A)only expose and process one half of the patient's mouth at one time.
B)mark exposed films with indelible ink.
C)always separate exposed and unexposed film and PSP receptors.
D)ask the patient to hold the unexposed film and PSP receptors.
Q3) A thin radiolucent line appears on the film with
A)film creasing.
B)film bending.
C)double exposure.
D)patient movement.
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Chapter 21: Occlusal and Localization Techniques
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dental image is a _______-dimensional picture of a _______-dimensional object.
A)two;two
B)three;three
C)two;three D)three;two
Q2) Which size receptor would you use to take an occlusal image on your 3-year-old patient?
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)4
Q3) The occlusal technique is used to examine A)interproximal areas.
B)large areas of the upper or lower jaw.
C)third molars.
D)for bone loss.
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23
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) The anterior teeth will appear "fat" if the A)chin is tipped down.
B)chin is tipped up.
C)teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block.
D)teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block.
Q2) Panoramic screen film is exposed by A)photons.
B)electrons.
C)intensifying screens in a cassette holder.
D)a shutter in the cassette with visible light.
Q3) A "reverse smile line" is seen on the image if the patient's A)chin is tipped down.
B)chin is tipped up.
C)teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block.
D)teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block.
Q4) A panoramic image is __________ image(s)taken using __________ technique.
A)a series of;intraoral
B)a series of;extraoral
C)a single;intraoral
D)a single;extraoral

Page 24
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Chapter 23: Extraoral Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to take this projection,you need to have your patient face the receptor,touch his forehead to the receptor,tuck his chin down to his chest,and open his mouth as wide as he can.Which projection is this?
A)Waters
B)Posteroanterior
C)Reverse Towne
D)Submentovertex
Q2) Extraoral images may be used in conjunction with intraoral images.Extraoral images are not as defined or sharp as intraoral images.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q3) Your patient thinks she has fractured her zygomatic arch.Which of the following projections would you take?
A)Lateral cephalometric
B)Posteroanterior
C)Waters
D)Submentovertex
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Page 25

Chapter 24: Imaging of Patients With Special Needs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mixed occlusal and periapical examination on an edentulous patient consists of _______ size 4 receptors and ________ size 2 receptors.
A)two;four
B)two;two
C)four;four
D)four;two
Q2) You have just placed the receptor to expose the maxillary right molar and your patient has started gagging.What should you do?
A)Keep the receptor in her mouth,tell her to hang on,and expose the receptor.
B)Keep the receptor in her mouth to acclimate her to the receptor.Then remove it and try again.
C)Take the receptor out of your patient's mouth as quickly as possible.
D)Have the patient remove the receptor.
Q3) The gag reflex is elicited by stimulation of the sensitive tissues of the A)larynx.
B)pharynx.
C)soft palate.
D)hard palate.
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26

Chapter 25: Digital Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) (1)A primary advantage to digital imaging is the superior gray-scale resolution that results.(1)Digital imaging uses up to 32 shades of gray.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q2) Digital sensors contain distinct units of programmable gray values that are sensitive to x-rays called
A)a field arrangement.
B)pixels.
C)phosphors.
D)a grid.
Q3) Storage phosphor imaging
A)is a form of direct digital imaging.
B)is a wired digital imaging system.
C)uses a sensor with a fiber optic cable.
D)uses a reusable imaging plate.
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Chapter 26: Three-Dimensional Digital Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) (1)If the field of view is large,findings or pathology in other regions of the oral and maxillofacial complex may be accidently included.(2)The size of the field of view should not matter if a high-quality machine is used.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q2) (1)There are CBCT machines that have shortened exposure times of 8-10 seconds.(2)This shortened exposure time results in increased patient cooperation and decreased artifacts caused from patient movement.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q3) The image produced on the receptor following exposure to the x-ray beam is A)computer analysis.
B)image.
C)raw data.
D)DICOM data.
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Page 28

Chapter 27: Normal Anatomy: Intraoral Images
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following tooth structures is most radiopaque?
A)Enamel
B)Dentin
C)Cementum
D)Pulp
Q2) The maxillary tuberosity appears as a ___________ rounded prominence posterior to the ________ molar region.
A)radiolucent;first B)radiolucent;third C)radiopaque;first D)radiopaque;third
Q3) This foramen is almond shaped and is located between the apices of the maxillary central incisors.
A)Mental
B)Lingual
C)Superior
D)Incisive
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Chapter 28: Film Mounting and Viewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the labial mounting method,radiographs are placed in the film mount with the __________ side of the identification dot facing the viewer.They are then viewed from the _________ aspect.
A)depressed;labial
B)depressed;lingual
C)raised;labial
D)raised;lingual
Q2) Which one of the following is the only member of the dental team who is legally allowed to interpret and diagnose radiographs?
A)Dentist or dental hygienist
B)Dentist or dental assistant
C)Dentist,dental hygienist or dental assistant
D)Dentist
Q3) An opaque film mount is preferred because it
A)increases the contrast of the radiograph.
B)increases the density of the radiograph.
C)decreases the density of the radiograph.
D)masks the light around each radiograph.
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Chapter 29: Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Images
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have been asked to take a single image on your patient to evaluate his maxilla and the mandible.Which of the following should you take?
A)Four bite-wing images
B)18-image periapical series
C)21-image periapical series
D)Panoramic
Q2) Which of the following structures may be seen on a periapical image?
A)Mastoid process
B)Styloid process
C)External auditory meatus
D)Maxillary tuberosity
Q3) On a panoramic image,the ____________ air space appears as a diagonal radiolucency located superior to the radiopaque shadow of the soft palate and uvula.
A)palatoglossal
B)nasopharyngeal
C)glossopharyngeal
D)both a and b
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Chapter 30: Introduction to Image Interpretation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dental image interpretation enables the dental professional to play a vital role in the detection of _________ of the teeth and jaws that cannot be identified clinicall y.1.lesions
2)diseases
3)conditions
A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)1,3
D)1 only
Q2) The definition of interpret is to
A)establish a diagnosis.
B)offer an explanation.
C)process radiographs.
D)mount radiographs.
Q3) After exposing you patient's dental images,you would most likely examine the images in which of the following areas?
A)Business office
B)Darkroom
C)Operatory
D)Reception room
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Chapter 31: Descriptive Terminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a type of radiolucent lesion?
A)Target lesion
B)Multifocal confluent
C)Ground glass
D)Moth-eaten pattern
Q2) (1)It is important to document all pathology according to location,size,and appearance.(2)Describing a lesion as poorly defined and irregular is an example of documenting the size of the pathology.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.
Q3) A unilocular lesion with corticated borders is usually indicative of a __________ process.
A)benign slow-growing
B)benign rapidly growing
C)malignant slow-growing
D)malignant rapidly growing
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Chapter 32: Identification of Restorations, dental Materials, and Foreign Objects
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the most common restorative material used in dentistry?
A)Porcelain
B)Cast gold
C)Amalgam
D)Acrylic
Q2) Porcelain restorations are
A)radiolucent.
B)slightly radiolucent.
C)slightly radiopaque.
D)radiopaque.
Q3) You are having difficulty determining whether the radiolucent area on tooth number 7 on the dental image is decay or a composite restoration.Which of the following should you do?
A)Ask your patient.
B)Perform a clinical examination.
C)Search on the Internet.
D)Look in a textbook.
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Page 34

Chapter 33: Interpretation of Dental Caries
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dental image is most useful for detection of _________ caries.
A)buccal
B)lingual
C)occlusal
D)interproximal
Q2) Which of the following interproximal lesions does not involve the dentin,but is does extend more than half way through the enamel?
A)Incipient
B)Moderate
C)Advanced
D)Severe
Q3) A carious lesion appears _________ on a dental image.
A)radiopaque
B)radiolucent
C)white
D)clear
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Chapter 34: Interpretation of Periodontal Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dental images permit the evaluation of ______ in the detection of periodontal disease.
A)pocket depth
B)soft tissue
C)inflammation
D)bone
Q2) In health,the lamina dura around the roots of the teeth appears as a(n)_________ line.
A)dense radiolucent
B)dense radiopaque
C)intermittent radiolucent
D)intermittent radiopaque
Q3) The periodontal ligament space is located between the root of the tooth and the A)crest of alveolar bone.
B)lamina dura.
C)cementum.
D)spongy bone.
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36

Chapter 35: Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient is complaining of pain around tooth #30.A dental image reveals a radiolucent area on the side of the root.You cannot see the lamina dura.Which of the following best describes what your patient is experiencing?
A)Hypercementosis
B)Condensing osteitis
C)Periapical cyst
D)Periodontal abscess
Q2) Condensing osteitis is seen ________ the apex of a __________ tooth.
A)below;vital
B)below;nonvital
C)above;vital
D)above;nonvital
Q3) The treatment for condensing osteitis is
A)extraction.
B)root canal therapy.
C)osseous recontouring.
D)no treatment is necessary.
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