Dental Embryology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Dental Embryology explores the origin and development of teeth and associated oral structures from conception to birth. The course covers the formation of the oral cavity, the stages of tooth development, differentiation of dental tissues, and the molecular and genetic mechanisms guiding these processes. Emphasis is placed on the chronological and morphological changes that occur during prenatal development, as well as common developmental disturbances and congenital anomalies. Understanding these foundational concepts equips students with the knowledge required to appreciate the complexities of oral health and disease from a developmental perspective.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology A Clinical Approach 4th Edition by Daniel J. Chiego
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2
Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues
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Q1) Endoderm and ectoderm are the first two germ layers to develop.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasmalemma
Answer: A
Q3) Smooth muscle is consciously controlled.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The absorption of nutrients occurs in which location?
A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
Answer: D
Q2) The spinal cord consists of how many segments?
A) 21
B) 22
C) 30
D) 31
Answer: D
Q3) Which function is associated with the skin?
A) Excretes waste products
B) Absorbs nutrients from ingested food
C) Supplies a framework for muscle and ligament attachments
D) Relays information from the glands to the central nervous system
Answer: A
Q4) List the components of the central nervous system. Answer: Brain,spinal cord
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Chapter 3: Development of the Oral Facial Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a muscle of mastication?
A) Masseter
B) Temporalis
C) Orbicularis oculi
D) Lateral pterygoid
Answer: C
Q2) Which bones support the palatine shelf?
A) Maxillary
B) Temporal
C) Zygomatic
D) Mandibular
Answer: A
Q3) The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.
A) first to third
B) fourth to seventh
C) eighth to eleventh
D) twelfth to fourteenth
Answer: B
Q4) Which type of facial suture has a beveled or overlapping junction?
Answer: Squamosal
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Chapter 4: Development of the Face and Palate
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cleft may occur in the _______.
A) lip
B) palate
C) mandible
D) lip, palate, and mandible
Q2) White males develop a cleft lip more often than white females.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cleft palate will not occur without cleft lip.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which best defines the term nasal fin?
A) Oblique groove extending from the nostrils to the eyes
B) Medial nasal process that composes part of the upper lip
C) Zone of fusion that binds the maxillary and medial processes
D) Wedge-shaped process that assists in the formation of the palate
Q5) Identity two examples of apoptosis in prenatal development.
Q6) Bilateral nasal placodes appear in the seventh week of gestation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Development of Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ operates as a blueprint or pattern to guide root formation.
A) Predentin
B) The primary cuticle
C) Reduced enamel epithelium
D) Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Q2) Accessory root canals connect the __________.
A) cementum with the enamel
B) pulp with the periodontal ligament
C) dentin with the alveolar bone proper
D) enamel with the junctional epithelium
Q3) After the enamel organ differentiates,the dental lamina begins to __________.
A) divide
B) reform
C) expand
D) degenerate
Q4) List the five functional stages of change that each ameloblasts undergoes,in sequential order.
Q5) Tooth development relies on an interaction between the ectoderm and mesenchyme.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth
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Q1) The reduced enamel epithelium fuses with the oral epithelium during prefunctional eruption.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Special _______ cells destroy collagen fibers by ingestion.
A) fibroblast
B) osteoclast
C) osteoblast
D) amino acid
Q3) The formation of the eruption ____________ is necessary for tooth eruption.
Q4) During eruption,the epithelial attachment shifts to the cervical area.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which defines the functional eruption phase?
A) The first phase of tooth eruption, which includes eruptive movements during crown formation
B) The final stage, which includes occlusal wear of the enamel
C) The process of initiation of root development into the oral cavity
D) The final stage, in which the teeth require adjustments relative to the bony crypt
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Chapter 7: Enamel
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Q1) Enamel is composed of ______ hydroxyapatite.
A) 26%
B) 53%
C) 90%
D) 96%
Q2) An enamel ______ houses a small extension of a living odontoblast.
A) rod
B) tuft
C) spindle
D) lamellae
Q3) Prismless enamel is characterized by numerous and pronounced Hunter-Schreger bands.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which type of enamel contains many tiny spaces stained with pigment?
A) Gnarled
B) Prenatal
C) Postnatal
D) Prismless
Q5) Name the organic component of enamel.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Dentin
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Q1) Which type of dentin separates mantle dentin from circumpulpal dentin?
A) Granular
B) Globular
C) Transparent
D) Reactionary
Q2) Dentin is responsive to the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The granular layer of Tomes is located in the _________.
A) dentin of the root
B) dentin of the crown
C) periodontal ligament
D) cementum of the root
Q4) Dentinal tubules contain odontoblast processes,nerve terminals,and dentinal fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Dead tracts develop when odontoblasts die from trauma or old age.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Dental Pulp
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Sample Questions
Q1) Desmosomes maintain the positional relationship between cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Pulpal cells ___________ with age or trauma.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) disappear
D) stay the same
Q3) Which of the following best defines the zone of Weil?
A) Cell-free region
B) High cell density
C) Concentrated plexus of nerves
D) Large veins, arteries, and pericytes
Q4) The pulp becomes smaller with age.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Dental pulp is not responsive to temperature change.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List five functions of pulp tissue.
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Chapter 10: Cementum
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Q1) Cementum resorption is a characteristic of aging cementum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cementum is devoid of elastic fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In terms of cementum formation,what does OMG stand for?
Q4) A ________ ________ is created by the deposition of cementum following resorption.
Q5) Inner root sheath cells form the cellular-acellular cementum.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Intermediate cementum is softer than dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Which of the following best defines the term ankylosis?
A) Alveolar bone fuses with cementum.
B) The cementum fuses with underlying dentin.
C) Alveolar bone fuses with the PDL ligament.
D) The cementum of two adjacent teeth fuses together.
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Chapter 11: Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament
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Q1) Which of the following best defines epithelial rest?
A) Diminished functional activity caused by aging
B) A decrease in the production of epithelial cells
C) A marking created by deposition of cementum
D) A mass of cells in the remnants of the root sheath
Q2) The periodontal ligament (periodontium)has a width of _________ mm.
A) 0.015 to 0.038
B) 0.15 to 0.38
C) 0.045 to 0.080
D) 0.45 to 0.80
Q3) Receptors and nerves located in the periodontal ligament transmit information regarding pressure and mandibular position.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The periodontal ligament performs which secondary function?
A) Insulating and protecting the pulp
B) Forming cementum, bone, and enamel
C) Providing a sensory supply to the cementum
D) Supplying nutrients to the cementum and alveolar bone
Q5) ___________ stem from monocytes within the blood vascular system.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Periodontium: Alveolar Process and Cementum
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Q1) ______ ______ penetrate haversian canals at right angles to form a nutrient network.
Q2) Teeth are slightly more mobile in the _______________.
Q3) Which bone is regularly penetrated by collagen fiber bundles?
A) Bundle
B) Cortical
C) Haversian
D) Cancellous
Q4) Which movement is associated with tooth loss or hypereruption?
A) Body
B) Tipping
C) Rotation
D) Mesial drift
Q5) Aged alveolar bone lacunae are filled with cementocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ___________ canals pass through the long axis of the bone.
Q7) Explain the diagnostic significance of the lamina dura.
Q9) Identify and describe two types of bone loss. Page 14
Q8) Name the two components of the alveolar process.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Temporomandibular Joint
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Q1) The synovial membrane is associated with numerous capillaries and _________.
A) fluids
B) bones
C) ligaments
D) lymphatics
Q2) More blood vessels innervate the lateral and medial surfaces of the articular disk than the anterior and posterior areas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ___________ compartment of the temporomandibular cavity is bound superiorly by the articular fossa and inferiorly by the disk.
Q4) The postnatal condylar head is a thick band of ___________.
Q5) Every individual has eight muscles of mastication.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Chondroblasts of the mandibular condyles are organized in long rows.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Identify the four muscles of mastication.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Oral Mucosa
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Q1) The oral epithelium of an older individual is ____________.
A) thin
B) moist
C) resilient
D) texturized
Q2) Cellular activity __________ and fibrosis __________ with age.
A) decreases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) plateaus, increases
D) decreases, plateaus
Q3) Von Ebner glands are serous salivary glands with ducts that empty into the trough surrounding the foliate papillae.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________ inject melanosomes into the basal cells of the gingival epithelium.
A) Melanocytes
B) Lymphocytes
C) Merkel cells
D) Langerhans cells
Q5) Name two changes in oral mucosa that happen as a result of age.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Salivary Glands and Tonsils
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Q1) Lingual tonsils have ____________ crypts.
A) deep
B) narrow
C) branching
D) wide-mouthed
Q2) Sympathetic stimulation of a salivary gland produces which type of secretion?
A) Watery
B) Organic
C) Gelatinous
D) Protein-poor
Q3) A tubal tonsil is which of the following?
A) An ectopic tonsil located near a eustachian tube
B) A tonsil containing epithelial folds that double over into tubes
C) An infected tonsil that must be drained through the use of tubes
D) Tonsillar tissue that grows around other nearby glands in a tubular shape
Q4) Tonsils produce lymphocytes,which protect against microbial pathogens.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _______________ tonsil is also known as the adenoid.
Q6) The duct system consists of secretory and ____________ portions.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Biofilms
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Q1) Glycoproteins are found in the saliva.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The breakdown of ______________ results in a brown spot on the tooth.
A) organic debris
B) enamel crystals
C) salivary corpuscles
D) filamentous organisms
Q3) Which type of organism appears supragingivally?
A) Neutral
B) Anaerobic
C) Gram-positive
D) Gram-negative
Q4) Calculus most often appears near which of the following?
A) A missing tooth
B) A tight labial frenum
C) The incisal edge of a tooth
D) The opening of a salivary duct
Q5) Which disclosing solution will not permanently discolor composite restorations?
Q6) ____________ produce acids that can demineralize the surface of enamel.
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