Dental Anatomy and Physiology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Dental Anatomy and Physiology provides a comprehensive introduction to the structure, function, and development of the human dentition. This course explores the morphology of each tooth, the relationships between teeth, and their supporting structures, emphasizing the significance of dental anatomy in clinical practice. Students will learn about tooth eruption, occlusion, and identification, as well as the physiology of oral tissues, including enamel, dentin, pulp, and periodontium. Special attention is given to the anatomical and physiological differences among primary and permanent dentitions, enabling students to understand the basis for oral health, diagnosis, and dental procedures.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology A Clinical Approach 4th Edition by Daniel J. Chiego
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Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The embryonic skeleton first forms as bone.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The _______ provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.
A) ovary
B) uterine tube
C) myometrium
D) endometrium
Answer: D
Q4) The ovum contains twice as many chromosomes as its parent cell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Buccal mucosa renews itself in ____ days.
A) 1 to 2
B) 3 to 4
C) 5 to 9
D) 10 to 14
Answer: D
Q2) Bone is calcified connective tissue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Equilibrium is controlled by tiny organs,which are located in the middle ear.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _____ days.
A) 1 to 3
B) 4 to 6
C) 7 to 9
D) 10 to 13
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Development of the Oral Facial Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primitive mouth is known as the _________.
A) basion
B) sella turcica
C) stomodeum
D) tympanic membrane
Answer: C
Q2) Which type of bone protects the brain?
A) Short
B) Dermal
C) Sesamoid
D) Membrane
Answer: D
Q3) The ultimobranchial body is the origin of which hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Calcitonin
C) Dopamine
D) Testosterone
Answer: B
Q4) The ____ ____ is a cartilage structure,which underlies and supports the brain.
Answer: cranial base
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Chapter 4: Development of the Face and Palate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Development of the upper lip depends on fusion of the philtrum and maxillary processes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The tongue's immovable base develops from the first branchial arch.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Each cranial nerve innervates the tongue,except one.Which is the exception?
A) V
B) VII
C) VIII
D) X
Q4) An opening of a nostril into the oral cavity is classified as an incomplete cleft lip.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the fifth week,the frontal process becomes known as the _______ process.
Q6) White males develop a cleft lip more often than white females.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Development of Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which tissue does not support the dentition?
A) Enamel
B) Cementum
C) Alveolar bone
D) Periodontal ligament
Q2) Precursor odontoblast cells use cell signaling to determine the correct starting position.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which cells of the enamel organ assist ameloblasts in forming enamel?
A) Stellate reticulum
B) Stratum intermedium
C) Inner enamel epithelial
D) Outer enamel epithelial
Q4) A patient with oligodontia is congenitally missing more than six permanent teeth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List the five functional stages of change that each ameloblasts undergoes,in sequential order.
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Chapter 6: Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Final maturation of the PDL fibers occurs at the _____ _____.
Q2) Which permanent tooth develops without a primary predecessor?
A) Molar
B) Incisor
C) Canine
D) Premolar
Q3) _________ are not successors of primary teeth.
Q4) Tooth eruption is clinically seen as which of the following?
A) Light and dark bands
B) Interlocking of the rods
C) Blanching of the mucosa
D) Crystallization of the enamel rods
Q5) The formation of the eruption ____________ is necessary for tooth eruption.
Q6) Osteoblasts are the active cells in both the formation and degradation of the collagen fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Active osteoclasts are multinucleated.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Enamel
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perikymata are found in which location?
A) Cusp tip
B) Cervical third of the root
C) Middle third of the crown's lingual aspect
D) Cervical third of the crown's facial aspect
Q2) Enamel varies in density and hardness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Enamel rods extend from the dentinoenamel junction to the enamel outer surface.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ameloblasts travel along parallel paths to produce straight enamel rods.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name the organic component of enamel.
Q6) The neonatal line is best defined as which of the following?
A) An accentuated incremental line
B) A defect caused by the misdirection of enamel rods
C) Light and dark enamel rod groups, made visible with light
Page 9
D) A series of dark growth rings noticeable in the cross section of enamel
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Chapter 8: Dentin
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Sample Questions
Q1) Odontoblastic injury during a cavity preparation usually results in ________ dentin.
Q2) Dentin is _______ than enamel.
A) harder
B) more elastic
C) a whiter shade
D) less radiolucent
Q3) Which type of dentin separates mantle dentin from circumpulpal dentin?
A) Granular
B) Globular
C) Transparent
D) Reactionary
Q4) Mantle dentin contains larger collagen fibers than circumpulpal dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Odontoblasts have a singular process when they first differentiate.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Incremental lines are also known as _______ _________.
Q7) Name three areas in which sclerotic dentin can be found.
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Chapter 9: Dental Pulp
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pulp stones are ectopic calcifications produced by microtrauma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not found in the central part of the pulp?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Cementoblasts
C) Collagen fibers
D) Veins and arteries
Q3) Pulpal cells ___________ with age or trauma.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) disappear
D) stay the same
Q4) How many pulps are present in the permanent dentition?
Q5) Teeth only perceive the sensation of pain.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The pulp becomes smaller with age.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which condition occurs most often?
A) Cementum meets the enamel.
B) Cementum forms on the enamel.
C) Enamel forms over the cementum.
D) A gap occurs between the cementum and enamel.
Q2) In terms of cementum formation,what does OMG stand for?
Q3) Cementum is a lustrous pale yellow.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The initial layer of cementum is known as ____________.
Q5) Cementum forms more rapidly than dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Intermediate cementum forms completely,before the deposition of secondary cementum begins.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Cementum is highly vascularized.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which change is associated with the aging of cementum and alveolar bone?
A) Scalloping
B) Cellular hyperactivity
C) Increased cell reproduction
D) Fiber attachments cover the entire surface
Q2) Fibroblasts are most concentrated in the _______ _________.
Q3) The width (thickness)of the periodontal ligament increases with age.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which arises from the dental follicular tissue?
A) Dentin
B) Enamel
C) Cementicles
D) Periodontium
Q5) ______________ create and destroy collagen fibers,as needed.
A) Fibroblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Macrophages
D) Cementoblasts
Q6) List the five dentoalveolar fibers of the periodontal ligament.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Periodontium: Alveolar Process and Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Collagen fibers embedded in the alveolar bone proper are called ____________ fibers.
A) alveolar
B) gingival
C) Sharpey
D) transseptal
Q2) The lamina dura is less dense than the adjacent cancellous bone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tension and compression during tooth movement result in bone loss.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cemental fiber bundles are usually ________ and _________ than those of the alveolar bone.
A) larger, less numerous
B) larger, more numerous
C) smaller, less numerous
D) smaller, more numerous
Q5) Tooth loss causes loss of periodontal fibers,as well as loss of _______ ________.
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Chapter 13: Temporomandibular Joint
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a function of the temporomandibular joint capsule?
A) Provides joint lubrication
B) Supports articulatory movements
C) Encloses the lateral, medial, and posterior boundaries
D) Keeps the disk immobile when the head of the condyle moves
Q2) The articular fossa undergoes which developmental change?
A) Deepens and expands
B) Becomes brittle and narrow
C) Loses flexibility and perforates
D) Becomes increasingly scalloped in shape
Q3) No epiphyseal line is found in the TMJ condyle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the TMJ?
Q5) The ___________ compartment of the temporomandibular cavity is bound superiorly by the articular fossa and inferiorly by the disk.
Q6) The action of the lower half of the TMJ is a gliding motion.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The postnatal condylar head is a thick band of ___________.
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Chapter 14: Oral Mucosa
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hemidesmosomes attach the lamina propria to the stratum basal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Oval or polygonal cells differentiate which layer of mucosa?
A) Basal lamina
B) Stratum corneum
C) Stratum spinosum
D) Stratum granulosum
Q3) Nonkeratinocytes are also known as __________ cells.
Q4) Which papillae lie in a V-shaped sulcus between the base and body of the tongue?
A) Foliate
B) Filiform
C) Fungiform
D) Circumvallate
Q5) As oral mucosa ages,it appears less moist.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Ectopic sebaceous glands at the angle of the mouth are called ______ _______.
Q7) Merkel cells function as ____________ receptors.
Page 16
Q8) Name the five taste modalities of the oral cavity.
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Chapter 15: Salivary Glands and Tonsils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Serous secretions are ________ protein and ________ carbohydrate.
A) 50%, 50%
B) 25%, 75%
C) low in, high in
D) high in, low in
Q2) Amylase is the major salivary protein.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tonsils contain cells that secrete saliva.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The major salivary glands contribute ______ of saliva.
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 90%
Q5) Name the three major salivary glands.
Q6) Leukocytes from the gingival crevices and lymphocytes from the tonsils,which are found in saliva,are known as __________ ____________.
Q7) The duct system consists of secretory and ____________ portions.
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Chapter 16: Biofilms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plaque is more mineralized than calculus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which disclosing solution will not permanently discolor composite restorations?
Q3) Plaque protects the enamel surface but can also serve as an attachment site for bacteria.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In tonsillitis,there is a dramatic increase in salivary leukocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is the best definition for plaque?
A) A type of gingival inflammation
B) A stonelike concretion formed on the teeth
C) A bacterial biofilm on the surface of the teeth
D) An acellular thin film deposited on the surface of teeth from salivary proteins
Q6) Gingival inflammation has an effect on the cervical enamel.
A)True
B)False
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