

Democratic Governance
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Democratic Governance explores the principles, structures, and processes that define democratic systems of government. The course examines key concepts such as rule of law, political participation, accountability, transparency, and the protection of civil liberties. Students analyze various models of democracy, the role of institutions like legislatures, executives, and judiciaries, and the importance of civil society and free media in sustaining democratic norms. Case studies from different countries provide insights into the successes and challenges faced in building and maintaining effective democratic governance, including contemporary threats such as corruption, populism, and authoritarian backsliding.
Recommended Textbook
An Introduction to Government and Politics A Conceptual Approach 9th Edition by Brenda O'Neill
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29 Chapters
1796 Verified Questions
1796 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Government and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the usual translation of the Greek word "polis"?
A) city-state
B) government
C) constitution
D) politics
Answer: A
Q2) An explicit agreement among political parties to divide up the seats in cabinet when no single party has a majority of seats in the elected legislature is called a
Answer: coalition
Q3) Government is best defined as:
A) Coalitions built in order to increase the rank of an individual.
B) Rules that dictate who makes policy decisions.
C) A machine that makes decisions for a community.
D) A stable moment in the political process.
Answer: C
Q4) David Easton states that politics is the "authoritative distribution of _________."
Answer: values
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Chapter 2: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term best describes governmental power when it is wielded without legitimacy?
A) Persuasion
B) Influence
C) Authority
D) Coercion
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of someone possessing legal authority?
A) A prince inherits the crown based on traditional rules.
B) A prophet creates a community structured on laws received from God.
C) A young, attractive, well-spoken and well-educated candidate wins a provincial election.
D) A revolutionary overthrows a monarch and instates himself as the sole ruler of a country.
Answer: C
Q3) Power with coercion creates a legitimate government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4

Chapter 3: Sovereignty, State and Citizenship
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earth's entire land mass,with the exception of Antarctica,is divided into territories under the control of sovereign states.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) _____________ is still the main principle of the British constitution.It means that ________ can make or repeal whatever laws it chooses.
Answer: Parliamentary sovereignty; Parliament
Q3) For all intents and purposes,there's not much of a difference between the concepts of government and state.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Citizenship means the right to participate in the politics of the state.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) The decision making structure and process of the state is known as ________. Answer: government
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Chapter 4: The Nation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe what Ernest Renan means when he says that the nation "is a daily plebiscite."
Q2) French Canadians,and particularly the Québécois,have always seen Canada as an agreement or partnership between deux nations,or two founding nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which term refers to the Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples of Canada?
A) First Tribes
B) First States
C) First Immigrants
D) First Nations
Q4) Catalonia is a region in Spain where the inhabitants speak their own language and hold a separate cultural identity than the rest of the country.Catalonia would best be described as:
A) a nation-state
B) a substate nation
C) a civic nation
D) a state
Q5) The nation,like the participatory state,is a product of modern ________ history.
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Chapter 5: Political Culture and Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast parochial,subject,and participatory political cultures.
Q2) Putnam's concept of social capital implies that political culture does not develop on its own but rather stems at least in part from the day-to-day connections between citizens that may have nothing at all to do with politics.
A)True B)False
Q3) Fragmented political cultures display high levels of citizen engagement. A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a goal of multiculturalism in Canada?
A) to nourish separate identities among immigrants and newcomers
B) to legalize illiberal practices that would normally be prohibited by the Charter of Rights
C) to promote equal participation of a variety of groups in mainstream Canadian culture
D) to increase the number of languages spoken in Canada
Q5) In a __________,people hold negative views of government.In a _________,people have more positive evaluations of governments.In a _____________,people have a high degree of expectation of government.
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Chapter 6: Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) A formal decision of the Canadian cabinet is called an order in council.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The private law of the province of Quebec was systematized in the ___________ of 1866.
Q3) Common law refers to the practice of law among the common people of the Middle Ages.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The concept of stare decisis is an important one for law.What does this term mean?
A) It means the law of nations.
B) It means no punishment except for a breach of the law.
C) It means that the decision must be studied further.
D) It means to stand by what is decided.
Q5) What is the relationship between natural law and the evolution of human rights?
Q6) A by-law is a rule passed by the Supreme Court of Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What are the essential differences between customary law and legislation?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Constitutionalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes an unwritten constitution?
A) It is a constitution that is not recorded in any fashion.
B) It may be composed of several written statutes and unwritten conventions.
C) It is composed of conventions, which are consistently followed though not legally required.
D) It is an extension of the customary law of a society.
Q2) The suffragists were a group of people willing to suffer police abuse to highlight breaches in the rule of law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is the government "subject to law"? How can the government make law,enforce law,but also be subject to law?
Q4) Which statement about the American constitution is true?
A) It is the world's oldest surviving written constitution.
B) It is the world's most modern constitution.
C) It is older than the British constitution.
D) It is more modern than the Canadian constitution.
Q5) Define and explain the significance of the Magna Carta.
Q6) __________ is a form of peaceful protest where the aim is to be arrested
Q7) Name the three main ways of changing the Canadian constitution.
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Chapter 8: Cooperation under Anarchy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diplomacy refers to a systematic and formal set of relations between international actors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the logic behind the creation of the League of Nations?
A) A balance of powers would prevent the outbreak of war
B) States would cooperate to maintain peace
C) It would bring together nations with different political regimes
D) It would stabilize national economies after WWI
Q3) International regimes must be formalized in law.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following examples best demonstrates the problems caused by competing interests during international initiatives to maintain peace and order?
A) the handling of the Suez Crisis
B) the 1960-64 peacekeeping operation in the former Belgian Congo
C) the Gulf War of 1991
D) the 1967 Middle East peacekeeping operation
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Chapter 9: Ideology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nationalism does not fit onto the standard left-right spectrum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is the most significant characteristic that makes a party or ideology difficult to place on the left-centre-right spectrum?
A) cooperating with other parties or ideologies
B) not having a formulated economic policy
C) working from a historical perspective
D) focussing on non-traditional political issues
Q3) If ideologies are so difficult to apply to practical realities,why do we use them at all? What purposes do ideologies serve?
Q4) The word ideology was coined by______,and for him,the word meant the study of human ______.
Q5) According to the left-centre-right spectrum,where would conservatism fall?
A) in between right and centre
B) at the centre
C) in between centre and left
D) far right
Q6) Compare Marx and de Tracy on ideology.
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Chapter 10: Liberalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reform liberalism has been called modern ___________ liberalism,and classical liberalism has been called ___________ liberalism.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a free rider?
A) Someone who uses public transportation without paying.
B) Someone who lies about their income to pay less taxes.
C) Someone who sneaks into a movie theatre without paying.
D) Someone who refuses to drive on toll highways, using only the free roads.
Q3) What was the Oxford University philosophy professor T.H.Green a famous advocate of?
A) reform liberalism
B) the property franchise
C) proportional taxation
D) democratic socialism
Q4) Who was the author of Principles of Political Economy,which supported free trade and open competition?
A) John Locke
B) Adam Smith
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) John Stuart Mill
Q5) Are the ideas of J.M.Keynes relevant today?
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Chapter 11: Conservatism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did Edmund Burke mean in defending prejudice?
Q2) Conservatism originated with the Parliamentarian ____________,who was moved to write in response to the events of the ____________ in his main work
Q3) What is Edmund Burke NOT known for?
A) rejecting the redistributive state and defending private property
B) supporting the revolutionaries in France
C) defending the American colonies in their dispute with England
D) advocating for the hereditary aristocracy
Q4) While Edmund Burke spoke against the French Revolution,he supported the American Revolution.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which term refers to the sale of publicly owned corporations and activities to the private sector?
A) nationalization
B) irredentism
C) deregulation
D) privatization
Q6) Compare and contrast libertarianism and classical liberalism.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socialism and Communism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Second International saw the emergence of socialist political parties that succeeded in making inroads into democratic processes.What was perhaps the most significant contributing factor to the direction the movement took?
A) The anarchists had split from the movement.
B) Marx passed away and Engles took over as leader.
C) Some of the more strict socialist ideas had been abandoned.
D) Lenin created a parallel movement based on revolutionary reform.
Q2) On which point would François-Noël Babeuf and Robert Owen disagree with each other?
A) Humans are inherently selfless beings.
B) Luxury leads to selfish behaviour.
C) Society requires authoritative leadership.
D) Money and trade are not essential for successful societies.
Q3) Which term is used to describe the hitherto unparalleled concentration of state ownership,control,and power in the former Soviet Union?
A) proletarianism
B) planning
C) totalitarianism
D) socialism
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) History shows that nationalism can sometimes lead to protectionism and the oppression of minorities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Among the ugliest manifestations of nationalism were anti-semitism,genocide,and the belief in racial superiority.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following situations could be used to most strongly support the argument of John Stuart Mill?
A) oppression of minorities
B) multiculturalism
C) protectionism
D) imperialism
Q4) Nationalism necessarily entails sovereignty/statehood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Unlike the others,nationalism is a single ideology.
A)True
B)False

Page 15
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Chapter 14: Feminism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the central concept of radical feminism?
A) Capitalism
B) Patriarchy
C) Matriarchy
D) anarchy
Q2) Which author wrote that "social progress and changes of period are brought about by virtue of the progress of women toward liberty"?
A) Karl Marx
B) Germaine Greer
C) Betty Friedan
D) Charles Fourier
Q3) Unlike other ideologies whose roots go back to the seventeenth century,feminism is an entirely new ideology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The central concept in radical feminism is patriarchy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define and explain the significance of radical feminism.
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Chapter 15: Environmentalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons imply?
A) Free riding is fine as long as it benefits everyone.
B) Communism in the long run has a tendency to destroy personal liberty.
C) Unregulated pursuit of self-interest does not produce long-term common benefit.
D) Governments must pay more attention to social and economic issues.
Q2) Environmentalism is not fundamentally at odds with hunting.In other words,if you hunt or support hunting you can legitimately call yourself an environmentalist.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to one school of thought,a problem such as air pollution arises because no one owns the atmosphere,so they say it should be privatized like other forms of private property.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One of the variants of deep ecology is 'ecotage' and another is animal liberation. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Classification of Political Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nineteenth-century writers J.S.Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville agreed with the ancient Greeks that democracy could become a "tyranny of the majority."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define and explain the classical regime of tyranny.Are there any modern examples?
Q3) For Plato and Aristotle,the question of who rules was less important than how rule was conducted,so the rule of the majority-what we might call democracy-was not necessarily a good thing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which term did Aristotle use to refer to the lawless rule of the common people?
A) democracy
B) polity
C) oligarchy
D) tyranny
Q5) Plato was the first philosopher-king.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Liberal Democracy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Can public and private interests be reconciled in a liberal democracy? Are they mutually exclusive?
Q2) Recall refers to the practice of removing an elected official from office.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What ideology would have influenced Sir Wilfred Laurier's decision to repeal the Electoral Franchise Act?
A) Classical liberalism.
B) Conservatism.
C) Socialism.
D) Reform liberalism
Q4) Even though a political party won only 36% of the votes in a national election,they form government.What is the most likely explanation for this in a liberal democracy?
A) They are working in a plurality electoral system.
B) They are a junta.
C) They changed electoral laws and regulations by amending the constitution.
D) They represent the elites in a consociational democracy.
Q5) Define and explain the role of democratic participation in the Arab Spring.
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Chapter 18: Transitions to Democracy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The principle that gives governments the right to indefinitely incarcerate alleged terrorists without charge is known as habeas corpus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement best summarizes the fundamental argument in Hernando do Soto's work?
A) Economic assets are meaningless without the appropriate legal framework to recognize and develop them.
B) The poor are wrongfully suppressed by the wealthy.
C) The creation of property rights will bring squatters out of poverty
D) Without a legal framework and proper regulation, the poor are a drain on the system.
Q3) What argument did the book The Third Wave make?
A) The world has slipped into "a democratic recession."
B) Government should abandon the old ideas of the left (who want to expand the state) and of the right (who want to shrink it).
C) Democratic state institutions have important virtues for promoting social justice.
D) We are in the midst of a great epoch of democratization that began in 1974.
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Page 20

Chapter 19: Autocratic Systems of Government
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Sample Questions
Q1) In totalitarian regimes,one political party dominates,and others are illegal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) While there are many different types of authoritarian regimes,what do they all share in common?
A) None of them hold free and fair elections.
B) None of them have civil or political rights.
C) None of them hold elections.
D) None of them allow private business or professional organizations
Q3) A government owns all daily newspapers and employs all of the reporters and journalists in the country.What is this an example of?
A) pseudo-democratic rule
B) nationalization of resources
C) control of communications
D) centralized economic planning
Q4) Adam Przeworski found that per-capita incomes grow faster in ________ than in __________ regimes and that there was never solid evidence for the "efficient ___________" hypothesis.
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Chapter 20: Parliamentary and Presidential Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following parliamentary committee members theoretically has the MOST influence on legislative initiatives?
A) An opposition MP in a minority government situation.
B) An opposition MP in a majority government situation.
C) A government MP in a minority government situation.
D) An opposition MP in a coalition government situation.
Q2) Which power would the nominal head of state be least likely to exercise in a modern parliamentary system?
A) to veto legislation
B) to appoint the political head of state
C) to dissolve the assembly
D) to issue writs for an election
Q3) Who represents the Crown in Canada?
A) the monarch, Governor General, and Lieutenant Governors
B) the Governor General, Solicitor General, and Lieutenant Governors
C) the Prime Minister, Governor General, and Lieutenant Governors
D) the monarch, Prime Minister, and Governor General
Q4) Explain the differences between the Canadian parliamentary system of government and the American presidential system regarding the legislative branch of government.
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Chapter 21: Unitary and Federal Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In ________ systems of government,powers and responsibilities are concentrated within the central government.The granting of government responsibilities to regional governments is called __________.
Q2) What does the term disallowance in the Canadian federal system refer to?
A) the capacity of the federal government to stop provincial legislation from passing B) the capacity of the Crown to stop the prime minister from acting
C) the capacity of the Senate to regulate legislation coming from the House of Commons
D) an outdated method of electing a party leader
Q3) Which publication brilliantly pointed out that federalism checks tyrannical tendencies?
A) Confederation Debates
B) The Federalist Papers
C) On Representative Government
D) Social Contract
Q4) Switzerland is a unitary state.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Is the European Union an example of confederation? If not,what is?
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Chapter 22: The Political Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Handing out pamphlets that promote hatred and violence towards targeted groups goes against traditions of openness and acceptance.What kind of law does this activity infringe?
A) symbolic law
B) distributive law
C) regulative law
D) extraction law
Q2) The general public is an important and indeed necessary aspect of any policy community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A ____________ includes all actors who have an interest in a specific policy area.This includes _____________ groups and the ________ public.
Q4) The main function of the political process is to keep the government in power.
A)True B)False
Q5) David Easton described the political system as a systemic flow of ___________,_________,___________ and__________.
Q6) Explain Almond and Powell's analysis of the political process.
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Interest Groups and Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) Political parties evolved in nineteenth-century Britain with the extension of the franchise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following party types is LEAST like the other three?
A) ideological parties
B) practical parties
C) interest parties
D) movement parties
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a determinant of interest group influence?
A) numbers
B) cohesion
C) organizational skills
D) electoral success
Q4) Political parties can be classified in five ways

Q5) A political party for which doctrine takes precedence over electoral success is called
Page 25
Q6) Define and explain the significance of political consultants and lobbying.
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Chapter 24: Communications Media
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Q1) The watchdog activity of __________ journalism is the uncovering of inconvenient facts that governments or powerful interest groups would like to suppress.
Q2) In what way has new media affected the news cycle? What is the impact on media politics?
Q3) Which term refers to the selective portrayal of certain pieces of information that shapes public opinion on a specific issue?
A) investigative journalism
B) reporting
C) priming
D) convergence
Q4) Because news reporting sets the agenda for public debate,it therefore tells people what to think.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The media are political institutions.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The four branches of media politics are:
26
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Chapter 25: Elections and Electoral Systems
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Q1) Who,out of the following examples,would be most likely to experience political alienation?
A) someone who supports a traditionally successful party in a single-member-plurality system
B) someone who supports an interest party in a proportional representation system
C) someone who supports an interest party in a single-member-plurality system
D) Someone who supports an large party in a proportional representation system
Q2) Under the single-transferable-vote system,the elector votes for individuals,rather than party lists,by ranking the candidates in their order of choice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Outline the strengths and weaknesses of the single-member-plurality electoral system.
Q4) What electoral system is used in French presidential elections?
A) single-member-plurality
B) proportional representation
C) the alternative (or preferential) vote system
D) the majority-runoff system
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Chapter 26: Representative Assemblies
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Q1) The idea that a governing body should be a miniature replica of those it represents is called _____________ theory.
Q2) A trustee is a representative who relies on his own judgment when making decisions on behalf of others.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What theory of representation suggests that a prime minister should appoint to the cabinet a member from each of the provinces?
A) trustee theory
B) microcosm theory
C) delegate theory
D) party theory
Q4) There are three different kinds of individual representatives: ___________ rely on their personal judgment; _________ subordinate their own views to those of their constituents; ___________ vote and act as loyal members of their caucus following party discipline.
Q5) A representative assembly is commonly referred to as a legislature.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: The Political Executive
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Q1) Responsible government refers to the practice of having regularly scheduled press conferences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the United States,what is the name of the executive office that initiates legislation and policy?
A) parliamentary executive
B) presidential executive
C) ministerial executive
D) White House Staff
Q3) Compare and contrast the political executive in both parliamentary and presidential systems.Has the expanding role of the political executive influenced the governmental process?
Q4) Discuss how the size of the Canadian federal cabinet has changed over time.Compare Canada with other governments.
Q5) Define and explain the significance of responsible government and ministerial responsibility
Q6) In parliamentary government,the group that includes,but is not limited to,cabinet members is called the _________.
Page 29
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Chapter 28: The Administration
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Q1) In Canada,a public enterprise is also known as a __________ corporation.Furthermore,state agencies that monitor and control certain activities and impose public policies on private enterprise,are known as __________ agencies.
Q2) The bureaucracy has two fundamental roles in the governmental process: to advise the political executive and to administer the laws and policies enacted by the assembly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The concept of new public management refers to a set of reforms in which the market is the paradigm for assessing efficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Canada,what title is given to a career civil servant who runs her department and issues instructions down the chain of command?
A) permanent secretary
B) minister
C) deputy minister
D) auditor general
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Chapter 29: The Judiciary
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Q1) Under section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms-the so-called equality rights section-every individual is equal before and under the law and has equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The British courts are an example of court organization in a unitary state.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms entrenches equality rights?
A) 2
B) 10
C) 15
D) 27
Q4) Quebec has three Justices on the Supreme Court.What is the reason for this?
A) Canada's bilingualism programs
B) a desire to appease Quebec in light of the secessionist movement
C) Quebec's distinct private law tradition, as reflected in its code civil
D) Quebec's distinct system of criminal law
Q5) Compare and contrast the British and U.S.systems of court organization.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 31