Database Design
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Database Design introduces the foundational concepts and techniques necessary for the efficient design, implementation, and management of databases. This course covers relational data modeling, normalization, entity-relationship diagrams, and schema refinement. Students will explore query languages such as SQL, address issues of data integrity and security, and learn best practices for ensuring scalability and performance. By engaging in hands-on projects, students develop practical skills to design robust database systems supporting a variety of organizational needs.
Recommended Textbook
Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 13th Edition by Carlos Coronel
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16 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Database Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?
A) They provide enhanced security and robust data sharing features.
B) They do not allow manipulation of data once entered.
C) They are a better alternative to databases.
D) They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
Answer: D
Q3) _____ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
Answer: Information
Q4) To reveal meaning, information requires _____.
Answer: context
Q5) _____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. Answer: Data redundancy
Q6) Web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere, anytime, always on" human interactions are forms of _____.
Answer: social media
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Chapter 2: Data Models
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Q1) In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on every other table.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model.
A) relational
B) network
C) object-oriented
D) entity relationship
Answer: C
Q3) A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.
A) entity
B) attribute
C) relationship
D) constraint
Answer: A
Q4) The _____ is the representation of a database as "seen" by the DBMS.
Answer: internal model
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Relational Database Model
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column.
A) UNIQUE
B) NOT NULL
C) VALUE
D) EMPTY
Answer: B
Q2) The proper use of _____ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy.
Answer: foreign
Q3) A(n) _____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s).
A) attribute
B) unique
C) foreign
D) natural
Answer: D
Q4) The row's range of permissible values is known as its domain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Entity Relationship Er Modeling
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Q1) The Crow's Foot notation depicts the strong relationship with a(n) _____ line between the entities.
Q2) A(n) _____ process is based on repetition of processes and procedures.
Q3) If an employee within an EMPLOYEE entity has a relationship with itself, that relationship is known as a _____ relationship.
A) self
B) self-referring
C) looping
D) recursive
Q4) A _____ relationship exists when three entities are associated.
A) unary
B) strong
C) ternary
D) weak
Q5) A(n) _____ attribute is an attribute that must have a value.
Q6) A relationship _____ indicates the number of entities or participants associated with a relationship.
Q7) The concept of relationship strength is based on how the _____ of a related entity is defined.
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Chapter 5: Advanced Data Modeling
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Q1) Within a specialization hierarchy, every subtype can have _____ supertype(s) to which it is directly related.
A) zero
B) only one
C) one or many
D) many
Q2) Composite keys are useful as identifiers of weak entities, where the weak entity has a strong _____ relationship with the parent entity.
Q3) If one exists, a data modeler uses a _____ as the primary key of the entity being modeled.
A) foreign key
B) combination key
C) surrogate key
D) natural identifier
Q4) Specialization is based on grouping _____ characteristics and relationships of the subtypes.
Q5) An entity cluster is considered "virtual" or "_____" in the sense that it is not actually an entity in the final ERD.
Q6) What do specialization hierarchies do?
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Chapter 6: Normalization of Database Tables
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Q1) Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. For most purposes in business database design, _____ stages are as high as you need to go in the normalization process.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Q2) In order to meet performance requirements, portions of the database design may need to be occasionally denormalized.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An atomic attribute _____.
A) cannot exist in a relational table
B) cannot be further subdivided
C) displays multiplicity
D) is always chosen to be a foreign key
Q4) An attribute that cannot be further subdivided is said to display _____.
Q5) All relational tables satisfy the 1NF requirements.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Structured Query Language Sql
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Q1) The syntax for a left outer join is _____.
A) SELECT column-list FROM table1 OUTER JOIN table2 LEFT WHERE join-condition
B) SELECT column-list FROM table1 LEFT [OUTER] JOIN table2 ON join-condition
C) SELECT column-list WHERE LEFT table1 = table
D) SELECT column-list FROM table1 LEFT table2 [JOIN] WHERE join-condition
Q2) A(n) _____ is an alternate name given to a column or table in any SQL statement. A) alias B) data type
C) stored function D) trigger
Q3) _____ functions allow you to take a value of a given data type and convert it to the equivalent value in another data type.
Q4) The _____ specification is used to avoid having duplicated values in a column.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Advanced Sql
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Q1) The most useful feature of PL/SQL blocks is that they let a designer create code that can be named, stored, and executed by the DBMS.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) _____-length character data type, like VARCHAR, is typically specified with a maximum length.
Q3) A table can be deleted from the database by using the _____ command.
Q4) The DECLARE section in the trigger is used to declare any variables used inside the trigger code.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A(n) _____ routine pools multiple transactions into a single batch to update a master table field in a single operation.
Q6) No matter what language you use, if it contains embedded SQL statements, it is called the _____ language.
A) base
B) static
C) host
D) view
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Chapter 9: Database Design
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Q1) In a(n) _____, only the objects that have been updated or modified since the last full backup are backed up.
A) transaction log backup
B) conservative backup
C) differential backup
D) adaptive backup
Q2) A designer must have a thorough understanding of the company's data types, extent, and uses in order to develop an accurate _____.
Q3) In DBLC, the phase after the database initial study is _____.
A) operation
B) database design
C) database initial study
D) implementation and loading
Q4) The _____ goal is to design an enterprise-wide database based on a specific data model but independent of physical-level details.
Q5) The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) traces the history of an information system.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Transaction Management and Concurrency
Control
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Q1) In a heavily used database management system (DBMS), the prevention and detection of _____ constitutes an important DBMS function.
Q2) Most multiuser _____ automatically initiate and enforce locking procedures, where all locking information is managed by the lock manager.
Q3) If T1 has not unlocked data item Y, T2 cannot begin; if T2 has not unlocked data item X, T1 cannot continue. Consequently, T1 and T2 each wait for the other to unlock the required data item. Such a deadlock is also known as a(n) _____.
Q4) A(n) ______ occurs when a transaction executes a query at time T1, and it runs the same query at same time T2, yielding additional rows that satisfy the query.
Q5) In the optimistic approach, during the_____ phase, a transaction scans the database, executes the needed computations, and makes the updates to a private copy of the database values.
A) read
B) validation
C) write
D) shared
Q6) What is transaction isolation and why it is important?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Database Performance Tuning and Query
Optimization
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Q1) A(n) _____ tablestores the end-user data and the index data in consecutive locations on permanent storage.
Q2) The purpose of an I/O operation is to move data to and from different computer components or devices.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When setting optimizer hints, _____ instructs the optimizer to minimize the overall execution time, that is, to minimize the time it takes to return the total number of rows in the query result set. This hint is generally used for batch mode processes.
A) ALL_ROWS
B) FIRST_ROWS
C) INDEX(P_QOH_NDX)
D) OPTIMIZATION_ROWS
Q4) RAID systems use a single disk to create storage volumes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The SQL cache stores the end-user written SQL.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Distributed Database Management Systems
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Q1) One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is that the data is located near the site with the least demand.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A _____ lets a single SQL statement access the data that are to be processed by a single remote database processor.
A) remote request
B) remote transaction
C) distributed request
D) distributed transaction
Q3) A transaction processor (TP) is the software component residing on each computer that stores and retrieves data located at the site.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During _____replication, after an update, the originating DP node sends "messages" to the replica nodes to notify them of the update.
Q5) One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is _____ operating cost.
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Chapter 13: Business Intelligence and Data Warehouses
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Q1) A data store is used by data analysts to create queries that access the database.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Master data management's main goal is to provide a partial and segmented definition of all data within an organization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ is a term used to describe a comprehensive, cohesive, and integrated set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data with the purpose of generating and presenting information used to support business decision making.
Q4) The data warehouse development life cycle differs from classical systems development.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ is a collection of concepts, techniques, and processes for the proper identification, definition, and management of data elements within an organization.
Q6) Describe the use of SQL in relation to ROLAP.
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Chapter 14: Big Data and Nosql
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Q1) ______is NOT one of the "3 Vs" of Big Data.
A) Volume
B) Velocity
C) Validation
D) Variety
Q2) ______processing occurs when a program runs from beginning to end without any user interaction.
A) Hadoop
B) Block
C) Hive
D) Batch
Q3) _______ languages allow the user to specify what they want, not how to get it which is very useful for query processing.
Q4) Scaling out is also referred to as _______.
Q5) In acolumn family database, a column that is composed of a group of other related columns is called a(n) ______.
Q6) Key-value and document databases are structurally similar.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Database Connectivity and Web Technologies
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Q1) The main disadvantage of using CGI scripts is that:
A) they cause a resource bottleneck since they have to execute separately for each user request.
B) they are specific to the web server and to the operating system, thus being platform dependent.
C) an error in one script can damage and bring down the web server completely.
D) they do not have the capability to process forms or prepare outputs based on form data.
Q2) Whether you purchase online or by standing in line, the system-level transaction details are essentially the same, and they require the same basic database structures and relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is a disadvantage of using an API web-server interface?
A) It is slower than CGI scripts.
B) It is inefficient because it uses DLLs.
C) An external program needs to run for each user request.
D) An API error can bring down the entire web server.
Q4) XML is used to create _____, or vocabularies for entire industries.
Q5) ODBC, OLE-DB, and ADO.NET form the backbone of the _____ architecture.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Database Administration and Security
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Q1) When introducing a database into an organization, the database approach creates a more controlled and structured information flow and thus affects people, functions, and interactions. This leads to a(n) _____ impact of the new database system.
A) cultural
B) managerial
C) technical
D) operational
Q2) A security vulnerability is a collection of standards and policies created to guarantee the security of a system and ensure auditing and compliance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain conflict and problem resolution as part of the DBA's end-user support services.
Q4) Within the data security framework, _____ is concerned with keeping data consistent and free of errors or anomalies.
Q5) Each database has an associated_____ file that is read at instance startup, stores run-time configuration parameters, and is used to set the working environment for the database.
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