Data Structures and Algorithms
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to fundamental data structures and algorithms, essential for effective problem solving in computer science. Students will learn to design, analyze, and implement foundational structures such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, as well as algorithmic techniques for searching, sorting, and recursion. The course emphasizes computational efficiency and the trade-offs among different approaches, laying the groundwork for advanced study and real-world application development.
Recommended Textbook
Starting out with C++ Early Objects 9th Edition by Tony Gaddis
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19 Chapters
766 Verified Questions
766 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Words with a special meaning that may be used only for their intended purpose are known as
A) single purpose words..
B) programmer-defined identifiers.
C) keywords.
D) syntax words.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q2) A variable definition always specifies the name of a variable and tells
A) what type of data it can hold.
B) how many times it will be used in the program.
C) the part of the code where it will be used.
D) what its starting value is.
E) all of the above.
Answer: A
Q3) Most of the lines in a program contain something meaningful; however, some of the lines may contain nothing at all.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Introduction to C Plus Plus
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Sample Questions
Q1) An operation that copies a value into a variable is called a(n) ________ operation.
A) assignment
B) equals
C) copy
D) declaration
E) cout
Answer: A
Q2) You must have a(n) ________ for every variable you include in a program.
A) purpose
B) definition
C) comment
D) numeric value
E) output statement
Answer: B
Q3) C++ is a case-sensitive language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Expressions and Interactivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following pair of C++ statements will cause 3.5 to be output. double number = 7 / 2; cout << number;
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following expressions will evaluate to 2.5?
A) static_cast<double>(5/2)
B) static_cast<double>(5)/2
C) 5/static_cast<double>(2)
D) All three of the above
E) Both B and C, but not A
Answer: E
Q3) Which of the following statements will assign number a value from 90 - 100.
A) number = rand() % 90 + 10;
B) number = rand() % 90 + 11;
C) number = rand() % 10 + 90;
D) number = rand() % 11 + 90;
E) None of the above.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Making Decisions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If s1 and s2 are string objects, s1 == s2 is True when
A) s1 = "lion" and s2 = "lioness".
B) s1 = "dog" and s2 = "DOG".
C) s1 = "cat" and s2 = "cat ".
D) None of these because in each case one or more characters in the strings have different ASCII codes.
E) None of these because string objects cannot be compared with relational operators.
Q2) An expression in a C++ if statement that evaluates to 5, -5, or for that matter anything other than 0, is considered True.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Assuming goodData is a Boolean variable, the following two tests are logically equivalent. if (goodData == false) if (!goodData)
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Looping
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a for statement, the ________ expression is executed only once.
A) initialization
B) test
C) repeat
D) validate
E) update
Q2) The ++ operator
A) is a unary operator.
B) adds one to the value of its operand.
C) can operate in prefix or postfix mode.
D) All of the above.
E) Both B and C, but not A.
Q3) The ________ statement causes a loop to terminate early.
A) stop
B) break
C) quit
D) terminate
E) continue
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Chapter 6: Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In C++ global and local numeric variables are initialized to zero by default.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A function ________ is a statement that causes a function to execute.
A) prototype
B) header
C) definition
D) call
E) parameter list
Q3) Both function headers and function calls must list the data types of all data being passed to the function.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When a function just needs to use a copy of an argument passed to it, the argument should normally be passed by value.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Introduction to Classes and Objects
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Sample Questions
Q1) The name of a destructor must begin with
A) the name of the class.
B) a tilde (~).
C) a capital letter.
D) an underscore.
E) none of the above.
Q2) A C++ member function that sets or changes the value stored in a member variable is called
A) an accessor.
B) a mutator.
C) a user.
D) a get function.
E) an updater.
Q3) Public members of a class object can be accessed from outside the class by using the
A) dot operator.
B) get function.
C) extraction operator.
D) member access operator.
E) class name.
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Chapter 8: Arrays
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an array is passed to a function, it is actually ________ the array that is/are passed.
A) a copy of all the values in B) the value stored in the first element of C) the starting memory address of D) the data type and size of E) none of the above
Q2) When you pass an array as an argument to a function, the function can modify the contents of the array.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To step through a one-dimensional array, accessing the elements one by one, it would be most appropriate to use ________ loop.
A) an infinite
B) a sentinel controlled loop
C) a for loop
D) a nested loop
E) no
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10
Chapter 9: Searching, Sorting, Algorithm Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ search is adequate for searching through small arrays, but not through large ones.
A) binary
B) linear
C) selection
D) bubble
E) random
Q2) Bubble sort and selection sort can also be used with STL vectors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To find a value in an ordered array of 50 items, how many values must binary search examine at most.
A) 1
B) 6
C) 10
D) 25
E) 50
Q4) A binary search requires that the elements be in order.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Pointers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The delete operator should only be used on pointers that A) have not yet been used.
B) have been correctly initialized.
C) point to storage allocated by the new operator.
D) are appropriately dereferenced.
E) None of the above
Q2) It is legal to subtract a pointer variable from another pointer variable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Memory cannot be allocated after a program is already running.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ________ and ________ operators can respectively be used to increment and decrement a pointer variable.
A) dereferencing, indirection
B) modulus, division
C) ++, --
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
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Chapter 11: More About Classes and Object-Oriented Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arguments are passed to the base class destructor function by the ________ class ________ function.
A) derived, constructor
B) derived, destructor
C) base, constructor
D) base, destructor
E) None of the above
Q2) A lambda expression is
A) an expression whose value can only be assigned to a local variable.
B) used by the C++ compiler to check the types of other expressions.
C) a class derived from a function object.
D) an object of a class whose only member is the function call operator.
E) None of the above
Q3) When a class declares an entire class as its friend, the friendship status is reciprocal. That is, each class's member functions have free access to the other's private members.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: More on C-Strings and the String Class
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ library function reverses the order of a character array.
A) reverstr
B) strrev
C) reversit
D) backward
E) None of the above
Q2) A good way to convert a string such a "572" to an equivalent integer such as 572
A) is to use the C-library function itoa.
B) is to use an ostringstream object and the insertion operator <<.
C) is to use an istringstream object and the extraction operator >>.
D) is to use an ostringstream object and the extraction operator >>.
E) None of the above
Q3) The string class member function ________ returns the C-string value of the string object.
A) c_string(string s)
B) c_str(string s)
C) c_str()
D) c_string()
E) None of the above
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Advanced File and Io Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ data type can be used to create files and write information to them.
A) ofstream
B) ifstream
C) istream
D) ostream
E) None of the above
Q2) ofstream, ifstream, and fstream are
A) header files.
B) libraries.
C) data types.
D) string arrays.
E) None of the above
Q3) The ________ data type can be used to connect to files and read information from them into memory.
A) ofstream
B) istream
C) ifstream
D) instream
E) None of the above
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Recursion
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a recursive function directly calls itself, this is known as direct recursion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The base case of a recursive function
A) is 0.
B) is 1.
C) is depth / 2.
D) is 1 / (depth * 3.1415).
E) depends on the problem being solved.
Q3) Recursive algorithms tend to be less efficient than iterative algorithms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When a function A calls a function B, which in turn calls A, we have A) direct recursion.
B) indirect recursion.
C) function call cycling.
D) perfect recursion.
E) None of the above
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Polymorphism and Virtual Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ to a base class may be assigned the address of a derived class object.
A) Access specifiers
B) Static members
C) Private members
D) Pointers
E) None of the above
Q2) Declaring a member function of a class to be a ________ will cause the C++ compiler to use dynamic binding.
A) constructor function
B) destructor function
C) static function
D) virtual function
E) None of the above
Q3) ________ functions are dynamically bound by the compiler.
A) Constructor
B) Destructor
C) Static
D) Virtual
E) None of the above
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Exceptions, Templates, and the Standard
Template Library Stl
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Sample Questions
Q1) The beginning of a function template is marked by a A) return type.
B) parameter list.
C) template prefix.
D) semicolon.
E) None of the above
Q2) The Standard Template Library (STL) contains templates for useful algorithms and data structures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The STL vector and list classes are examples of sequential containers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Function templates allow you to write a single function definition that works with many different data types.
A)True
B)False
Q5) An exception is a condition that can be caused by a syntax error in the program. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Linked Lists
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deleting an entire linked list requires a call to the delete operator for each node in the list.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Linked lists of items are commonly implemented by
A) using an array to hold list items.
B) using a function to compute the link to the next item.
C) using a class template to represent list items.
D) using a structure containing an item and a pointer to the structure type.
E) None of the above
Q3) Which of the following are linked list operations?
A) adding an item
B) traversing the list
C) removing an item
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Q4) In a non-empty list, there must be exactly one list item with no successor.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Stacks and Queues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The queue data structure is commonly applied in connection with A) managing the order of print jobs.
B) communications software.
C) operating systems.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Q2) A static queue can be implemented as a A) circular array.
B) stack.
C) dynamic linked list.
D) dynamic vector.
E) None of the above
Q3) Queues that are implemented as arrays are called ________ queues.
A) dynamic
B) stack
C) static
D) deque
E) None of the above
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Chapter 19: Binary Trees
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Sample Questions
Q1) A node that has no children is a
A) root node.
B) head node.
C) leaf node.
D) pure binary node.
E) None of the above
Q2) The ________ in a binary tree is analogous to the head pointer in a linked list.
A) root pointer
B) leaf pointer
C) null pointer
D) binary pointer
E) None of the above
Q3) The main difference between a binary tree and a linked list is that
A) a linked list can be empty, but a binary tree cannot.
B) a binary tree can be empty, but a linked list cannot.
C) nodes in a binary tree have two successors instead of one.
D) recursion is useful on binary trees, but not on linked lists.
E) None of the above
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