Curriculum and Instructional Research Question Bank
Course Introduction
Curriculum and Instructional Research examines the theories, methodologies, and practices involved in investigating and improving educational curricula and instructional strategies. Students explore various research approaches, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs, to understand how curriculum and teaching practices can be systematically analyzed and enhanced. The course emphasizes critical evaluation of existing research, the development of research questions relevant to curriculum and instruction, and the application of findings to real-world educational settings. Through case studies and hands-on projects, students gain practical experience in designing effective research studies to inform curriculum development and instructional improvement.
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Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications Global Edition 11th Edition by
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Research
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Q1) Which of the following illustrates anonymity?
A) After interviewing participants, the researcher assigns each participant pseudonyms.
B) Although she can identify responses on the attitude measure by their handwriting, Kate does not report the names.
C) Kristi replaces the participants' names on their research materials with a random number.
D) Because Kelly does not know who participated in her study, she cannot report their names.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is a typical characteristic of a qualitative research study?
A) Data collection is ongoing
B) Control over contextual factors
C) Generalization of findings
D) Statistical procedures for data analysis
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Selecting and Defining a Research Topic
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Q1) Of the following, which is a quantitative research problem?
A) The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of first year principals.
B) This study describes the decision making process of school board members during redistricting.
C) The goals of this study are to report what nurse practitioner-teachers should do to prepare today's nurses.
D) This study tests the effects of a new alternative education program on students' self-esteem.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of a researchable problem?
A) Should children who are in the primary grades be allowed to walk to school?
B) Are children in the primary grades best taught to read by home-based experiences
C) Are there differences in the amount of time spent reading in classrooms of non-native speakers?
D) Should teachers hold parent teacher conference?
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) What is the most important advantage of using a database (e.g., ERIC) over an internet search (e.g., Google)?
A) A database is likely to return more hits.
B) A database is organized by humans using subject headings.
C) A database will only return primary sources.
D) A database will have the full text of the article.
Answer: B
Q2) According to your text, one reason researchers should annotate sources is because A) it will save time when writing the literature review
B) it assures accuracy in the data analysis.
C) it rewrites the existing abstract in your own words.
D) it includes why a source is important for your research.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is a common criticism of meta-analysis?
A) Meta-analysis is descriptive without numerical data
B) Meta-analysis only includes experimental studies
C) Meta-analysis often includes poorly-designed studies.
D) Meta-analysis is not as systematic as a traditional literature review
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan
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Q1) Farhat is interested in the reading practices of Turkish families. He needs to prepare a research plan for the Ministry of Education to be able to conduct the study. Which of the following is NOT likely part of his shared plan?
A) A description of his instrumentation for the study
B) A time schedule for how the study will progress
C) A discussion of his sampling procedure
D) An analysis of the data he has collected
Q2) In which of the following quantitative research plan sections is the description of the research participants generally presented?
A) Introduction
B) Method
C) Data analysis
D) Appendix
Q3) The data analysis strategies subsection in a qualitative research plan typically includes
A) the procedures for storing the data.
B) the procedures to collate and categorize the data.
C) the interview or survey questions.
D) the procedures to ensure validity and reliability.
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Chapter 5: Selecting a Sample
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Q1) A large marketing firm has decided to do a study that describes the needs of practicing teachers regarding instructional materials. The vice-president wants data from 400 practicing teachers. Shawna, a researcher with the firm, sends a mass mailing and when 400 surveys are returned she analyzes the data. Shawna is best illustrating which sampling strategy?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Purposive sampling
D) Convenience sampling
Q2) Maude is conducting an ethnographic study that concerns the transitions that older Americans face as they move into transitional housing. She is particularly interested in the potential differences in the challenges for men and women. She therefore is careful to include both men and women in her sample. Maude's strategy can best be categorized as
A) systematic sampling.
B) intensity sampling.
C) homogeneous sampling.
D) cluster sampling.
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Chapter 6: Selecting Measurement Instruments
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Q1) Tests of logical reasoning are generally found on A) achievement tests.
B) aptitude tests.
C) affective tests.
D) attitude scales.
Q2) In order to calculate the Standard Error of Measurement (SE<sub>m</sub>), which of the following information regarding a test must you know?
A) The number of items and reliability coefficient
B) The number of items and standard deviation
C) The standard deviation and reliability coefficients
D) The average score and the standard deviation
Q3) Selection methods of assessment include
A) essays.
B) authentic assessments.
C) short answer.
D) matching.
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Chapter 7: Survey Research
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Q1) Li sent out a survey and received an initial response rate of 44%. If her study follows typical response patterns from the literature, what can she expect her response rate to be after a second mailing?
A) 50%
B) 54%
C) 60%
D) 64%
Q2) As a researcher you are interested in self-reported changes in interest in music in the senior population. You will collect data at the time of retirement and select a new sample of individuals at the time of retirement each year for five years. This type of research can be classified best as a(n)
A) trend survey.
B) panel poll.
C) cohort survey.
D) follow-up survey.
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Chapter 8: Correlational Research
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Q1) Regarding sampling, one strategy to facilitate obtaining accurate results when there will be subgroup correlations is to select a
A) stratified sample.
B) cluster sample.
C) random sample.
D) purposive sample.
Q2) Kenji reported a correlation of r = -.85 between hours spent in community service and adolescent drug use. This finding suggests that
A) there is no relationship between community service and adolescent drug use.
B) the more community service one performs the more likely one is to use drugs.
C) the more community service one performs the less likely one is to use drugs.
D) Kenji has calculated the correlation incorrectly because he has a negative number.
Q3) In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), Y represents a(n)
A) predicted criterion score.
B) distribution of scores in the sample.
C) individual's score.
D) constant calculated from the scores.
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Chapter 9: Causal-Comparative Research
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Q1) Of the following, which best represents a causal-comparative study?
A) The typical number of hours spent studying mathematics in cyber-learning.
B) The differences in mathematics learning outcomes between students enrolled in traditional and cyber learning.
C) The relationship between cyber-learning and attitudes about utility of mathematics.
D) The most common personality profiles of those students who are not injured but enrolled in cyber learning experiences.
Q2) One similarity between causal-comparative and correlational research is that both A) can determine causal events.
B) can be treated as a type of descriptive research.
C) attempt to establish causes.
D) rely on the same research procedures.
Q3) Which is most typical of an independent variable in a causal-comparative study?
A) Achievement
B) Gender
C) Intelligence
D) Attitude
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Chapter 10: Experimental Research
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Q1) In Katia's remedial mathematics study, she collected pretest data from a group of participants. She divided the participants into three groups. One group received no treatment, one group received instruction by a teacher-delivered intervention, one group received peer tutoring on the same problems. After the intervention she tested their math skills. With which validity threat should Katia be most concerned?
A) Maturation
B) Testing
C) Instrumentation
D) Pretest-treatment interaction
Q2) Of the following, which is an example of a pre-experimental design?
A) Time series design
B) Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
C) Posttest only control group design
D) Nonequivalent control group design
Q3) The final step in an experimental study is the
A) selection and definition of a problem.
B) execution of procedures.
C) formulation of conclusions.
D) analysis of data.
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Chapter 11: Single-Subject Experimental Research
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Q1) Ike would like to implement a single subject design to test interventions for several behaviors of her student Mildred. She would like to target hitting behavior and yelling in class. Of the following, which single subject design would be most appropriate?
A) Alternating treatments design
B) Multiple-baseline design
C) A-B-A Changing criterion design
D) A-B-A-B Design
Q2) In single-subject research, the most important type of significance is A) generalized significance.
B) statistical significance.
C) effect size significance.
D) clinical significance.
Q3) All of the following are types of replication in single-subject design EXCEPT?
A) Systematic
B) Direct
C) Clinical
D) Generalized
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Chapter 12: Narrative Research
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Q1) Which of the following is considered an example of a 'field text' technique?
A) Norming a new assessment tool
B) Have participants share oral histories
C) Calculating the inter-rater reliability while scoring student responses
D) Comparing observation protocols with other researchers conducting similar studies
Q2) According to your text, which of the following is a trend that has influenced the development of narrative research in education?
A) Increased interest in school cultures
B) Increased interest in international education
C) Increased number of students with first language other than English
D) Increased emphasis placed on teacher knowledge
Q3) Which of the following is a key characteristic of narrative research?
A) Narrative research is best conducted independently.
B) Narrative research is concerned with experiences of individuals.
C) Narrative research is concerned with generalizability of findings.
D) Narrative research is concerned with internal validity.
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Chapter 13: Ethnographic Research
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Q1) According to your text, which of the following is NOT a form of ethnographic research?
A) Critical ethnography
B) Immersion ethnography
C) Ethnographic case study
D) Realist ethnography
Q2) Jaytee wants to conduct an ethnography to bring attention to inequality among ESL students in school and advocate for changes. Which of type of ethnographic research generally found in education?
A) Ethnographic case study
B) Critical ethnography
C) Realist ethnography
D) Ethnographic novels
Q3) According to your text, which of the following should ethnographic researchers consider when describing culture?
A) Shared cultural knowledge
B) Descriptive culture
C) Cultural understanding
D) Cultural orientation
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Chapter 14: Case Study Research
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Q1) Which of the following represents a topic most suitable for study using case study methodologies?
A) Do students in Germany experience different motivational orientations than students in the United States?
B) How is the NCLB legislation changing teacher education at Adaptive University?
C) Are there differences in teacher preparation between Japan and the United States?
D) Is there a relationship between NCLB legislation and teacher stress?
Q2) George is employing a case study methodology to examine the role of principals in increasing inter-staff communication. As he starts to work with his case study participants, he realizes two of the three are unwilling to talk to him about the principal. Which of the following strategies might George have employed to combat this situation?
A) Pilot testing
B) Screening
C) Sifting
D) Fact checking
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Chapter 15: Mixed Methods Research
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Q1) Nancy is studying after-school programs that are housed in the district's school buildings. She interviews staff, students, and parents, observes programs, and reviews school board documents that illustrate how the after-school programs developed. She then administered a survey to enrolled children that rated satisfaction with their program in order to generalize her findings. Which type of research design does Nancy's study illustrate?
A) Qualitative
B) Quantitative
C) Exploratory sequential
D) Explanatory sequential
Q2) In convergent parallel mixed methods designs
A) the researcher equally weighs the two forms of data collection.
B) the researcher might supplement quantitative data with case vignettes.
C) the researcher might supplement qualitative data with questionnaire data.
D) the researcher might start with case studies and add census data.
Q3) The most best way to differentiate between a basic and advanced design is
A) the addition of another phase.
B) the number of qualitative methods
C) the use of an overarching framework.
D) the weight given to phases of data collection.
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Chapter 16: Action Research
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Q1) Nina is engaged in the action research process for a study that considers the role of oral reading during instruction. She is considering the educational values that she holds. In which phase of the action research process is Nina currently engaged?
A) Identifying an area of focus
B) Data collection
C) Data analysis and interpretation
D) Action planning
Q2) Two main types of action research, as presented in your text, are
A) professional stance and theory-based action research.
B) critical action research and practical action research
C) practical action research and applied action research
D) dialectic action research and critical action research
Q3) Liz is a coach who wants to examine the ways in which her coaching addresses sportsmanship. Which of the following is the most relevant data for Liz to consider?
A) National trends in sportsmanship among athletes
B) Parents' perceptions of her athletes' sportsmanship
C) Athlete's behaviors on the field
D) Data from a survey administered in the school
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Chapter 17: Descriptive Statistics
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Q1) The z score is an example of a A) standard score.
B) correlation measure.
C) variability.
D) measure of central tendency.
Q2) The measure of central tendency often used for ordinal data is the A) mode.
B) standard deviation.
C) mean.
D) median.
Q3) Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. What is Claus's approximate T score?
A) 0
B) 45
C) 75
D) 90
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Chapter 18: Inferential Statistics
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Q1) Which of the following does one need to know to calculate the standard error of the mean?
A) Mean and sample size.
B) Mean and standard deviation.
C) Standard deviation and sample size.
D) Mean, standard deviation, and sample size.
Q2) Parametric tests require all of the following assumptions EXCEPT
A) that there are an equal number of participants per group.
B) that data are interval or ratio scale of measurement.
C) that the selection of participants is independent.
D) that the variable measured is normally distributed.
Q3) As the population standard deviation increases
A) sampling error decreases.
B) sample mean decreases.
C) standard error increases.
D) population mean increases.
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Chapter 19: Qualitative Data Collection
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Q1) Of the following, the best way qualitative researchers can increase credibility is to
A) rely only on nonparticipant observation.
B) increase the amount of time spent in the field.
C) increase observational training.
D) use observations instead of interviews.
Q2) Luke is conducting an interview study with parents regarding separation anxiety in preschool children. He first starts by asking the parent if his or her child experiences separation anxiety. This first question on Luke's interview protocol is considered a(n)
A) nonverbal question.
B) closed question.
C) open-ended question.
D) a priori question.
Q3) Which of the following is one of the recommended ways to directly increase the credibility of a qualitative research study?
A) Practice reflexivity
B) Do peer debriefing
C) Overlap methods
D) Establish an audit trail
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Chapter 20: Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation
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Q1) Of the following which is a popular qualitative data analysis software package?
A) MYSTAT
B) SPSS
C) NVivo
D) SAS end user
Q2) Laqueta is studying the cultural of Catholic schools in urban areas in the Midwest United States. As part of her qualitative study she exams the goals and objectives of the schools. Which data analysis strategy of those below is Laqueta best illustrating?
A) Organizational review
B) Asking key questions
C) Identifying themes
D) Display what's missing
Q3) Won has pages of transcribed interviews for her thesis on first generation college students' feelings of stress and anxiety. Of the following, which is something she should do to help her to manage these data?
A) Separate her data and read one person's data at a time.
B) Get an initial sense and read through all of her data.
C) Start to read her data only after identifying codes.
D) Establish a matrix to place student comments in before she reads.
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Chapter 21: Preparing a Research Report
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Q1) Of the following, which is an example of a style error?
A) Marcy misused semicolons in her manuscript.
B) Sean forgot the abstract in his manuscript.
C) Trudy did not use conventions for headings in her manuscript.
D) Liam provided citations in the incorrect format in the text of his manuscript.
Q2) Laura, an art educator, completed her correlational study that examined the relationship between the number of art classes taken in high school and out of school Attendance at museums and galleries. She has a correlation matrix that conveys Some of her findings. In which section of Laura's research report should the Matrix be included?
A) Instruments
B) Procedures
C) Results
D) Discussion
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Chapter 22: Evaluating a Research Report
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Q1) Donna, a reading specialist, compared reading motivation between two fifth grade classes. For one class she provided a free selection of books of their choice. For the other class she pre-selected the books for the students. Her hypothesis was that students given more choice in the library would have higher motivation to read. Her hypothesis was supported. Lisa, when reading her report, wondered if there were pre-existing differences between the classes that were not Considered or if there were extraneous variables not addressed. These oversights in Donna's work are primarily a problem with her
A) participants.
B) hypothesis.
C) design and procedure.
D) Instruments.
Q2) In reading a recent article, you note that there is no research topic of study presented. This is a flaw in the _____________ of the report.
A) introduction
B) method
C) results
D) discussion
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