Culture
and Society Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the intricate relationship between culture and society, examining how shared beliefs, values, norms, and practices shape social life and individual experiences. Students analyze the ways in which cultural elements influence social institutions, identity formation, communication, and power dynamics. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the course investigates topics such as globalization, cultural diversity, social change, and the construction of meaning in everyday life, encouraging critical reflection on both local and global cultural phenomena.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology 14th Edition by John J. Macionis
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24 Chapters
3010 Verified Questions
3010 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college.A sociological view of going to college highlights the effect of
A)only age, because college students tend to be young.
B)only class, because college students tend to come from families with above-average incomes.
C)only our place in history, because a century ago going to college was not an option for most people.
D)age, class, and our place in history, because of these are all ways in which society guides college attendance.
Answer: D
Q2) W.E.B.Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century.
A)class
B)race
C)gender
D)ethnicity
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Sociological Investigation
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deductive logical thought involves
A)turning theories into hypotheses suitable for testing.
B)selecting a research method based on available resources.
C)doing research about the past.
D)transforming specific observations into general theory.
Answer: A
Q2) Critical sociology studies society and tries to bring about social change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which sociological research method is most likely to produce quantitative data that will identify cause-and-effect relationships?
A)the experiment
B)the survey
C)participant observation
D)secondary analysis
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Culture
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United States is the most _______ of all countries.
A)multicultural
B)culturally uniform
C)slowly changing
D)nonmaterial
Answer: A
Q2) Multiculturalism is defined as
A)efforts to encourage immigration to the United States.
B)efforts to establish English as the official language of the United States.
C)a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equality of all cultural traditions.
D)the idea that the United States should have a single, dominant culture.
Answer: C
Q3) A theory that explains how schooling helps prepare young people for the work they will do as adults represents the
A)structural-functional approach.
B)social-conflict approach.
C)symbolic-interaction approach.
D)sociobiology approach.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Society
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hunting and gathering societies have elected leaders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To compare societies at different times in history, Max Weber made use of A)ideal types.
B)stereotypes.
C)statistical rates.
D)All of these are correct.
Q3) How would Durkheim describe the importance of a social structure such as family?
A)Family is one important source of inequality.
B)Family exists only in the meaning it has for a particular person.
C)Family plays a part in the operation of society.
D)Family is the result of humanity's biological evolution.
Q4) Durkheim explained that organic solidarity is based on A)specialization and interdependence.
B)collective conscience.
C)shared moral values.
D)common cultural heritage.
Q5) What does Gerhard Lenski mean by "sociocultural evolution"? Why does he argue that technology shapes every aspect of society?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Socialization
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jean Piaget, language and other symbols were first used in the preoperational stage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If you were to put together the lesson learned from the cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie, you would correctly conclude that
A)social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality.
B)both social experience and the presence of the birth mother are crucial to early development.
C)the effect of long-term social isolation can be overcome in a relatively short time.
D)All of these are correct.
Q3) Summarize Jean Piaget's contribution to our understanding of socialization.
Q4) Based on the text's survey of the life course, you might conclude that
A)life-course stages are shaped by society and have nothing to do with biology.
B)life-course stages are similar throughout the world.
C)while life-course stages are linked to biology, they are largely a social construction.
D)life-course stages have changed little over recent centuries.
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Chapter 6: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tact is a common response in potentially embarrassing situations because A)we like most people with whom we interact.
B)our cultural norms demand looking out for others.
C)everyone feels discomfort when a constructed reality breaks down.
D)most people are unsure how to act in most situations.
Q2) In dramaturgical analysis, an examination room in a doctor's office is called a "back region."
A)True
B)False
Q3) In general, an important foundation of humor is
A)incongruity-differences in meaning.
B)differences in social standing.
C)gender differences.
D)differences in culture.
Q4) In dramaturgical analysis, an examination room in a doctor's office is called a "back region."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify several ways gender affects personal performances.
Q6) Explain how emotions are guided by both biology and culture.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Groups and Organizations
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126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Max Weber noted many traits of bureaucracy.Which of the following list is NOT one of them?
A)favoring family members over strangers
B)arranging offices in a hierarchy
C)enacting many rules and regulations
D)providing workers with highly specialized jobs
Q2) In general, people in secondary groups are more likely than people in primary groups to "keep score" in terms of who owes what to whom.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Asch's experiment in group conformity showed that most people would not compromise their personal judgment in order to avoid being seen as different.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the operation of Internet sites such as Facebook.com as a way to create social networks.What do people who use Facebook gain? What might they lose?
Q5) What are the important differences between primary and secondary groups?
Q6) What are the differences between categories and social groups?
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Chapter 8: Sexuality and Society
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are few areas of life in which sexuality does not play some part.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Queer theory is a growing body of knowledge asserting that A)sex has always seemed strange to most people.
B)no sexual practice should be considered wrong. C)people fear discovering their homosexuality. D)there is a heterosexual bias in U.S.society.
Q3) How does sexuality play a part in social inequality? Consider factors including prostitution and pornography and their effects on women.Also, consider heterosexism and its effects on the social standing of gay and intersexual people.
Q4) What is the basic assertion of queer theory? Using this approach, what criticism would you make of our society?
Q5) While the sexual revolution increased sexual activity overall, it changed behavior among men more than among women.
A)True
B)False
Q6) State two common myths about rape.Explain why these beliefs are wrong.
Q7) What are the traits of the campus culture of "hooking up"?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Deviance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emile Durkheim made the surprising statement that crime is actually useful and perhaps even necessary for all social organization.Write an essay in which you explain Durkheim's approach and point to a number of specific ways in which crime
Q2) Explain the value and the limitations of biological and psychological explanations of crime.Expand the essay by explaining the strengths of a sociological approach to understanding crime.
Q3) Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The "medicalization of deviance" idea points to the fact that most crimes are committed by people who are under the influence of an illegal drug.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the medicalization of deviance? Give an example of a behavior that we understand differently as a result of this process.
Q6) Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based corrections.
Q7) What is criminal recidivism? Why do you think our society has such a high rate of recidivism?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Social Stratification
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals in class systems typically exhibit more status inconsistency than people in caste systems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Based on what you have read, as the United States develops a postindustrial economy, economic inequality is
A)likely to disappear.
B)decreasing.
C)holding at about the same level.
D)increasing.
Q3) Read the four statements below.Which one of these statements about stratification is NOT true?
A)Social stratification is a trait of society.
B)Social stratification is universal and also variable.
C)A family's social standing typically changes a great deal from generation to generation.
D)Social stratification is a matter of inequality and also beliefs about why people should be unequal.
Q4) Explain how social stratification shapes patterns of social interaction.
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Chapter 11: Social Class in the United States
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The total amount of financial assets, minus any debts, is referred to as
A)income.
B)personal property.
C)wealth.
D)power.
Q2) In the United States, Asians and Pacific Islanders have the lowest poverty rate-even lower than non-Hispanic whites.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The expansion of the global economy has helped create more high-paying jobs in manufacturing in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The highest concentration of high-income people is found
A)in small towns of the Midwest.
B)near large metropolitan areas, especially on the East and West Coasts.
C)in the Southwest.
D)in the deep South.
Q5) How does the upper-upper class differ from the lower-upper class?
Q6) Discuss poverty trends in the United States in recent decades with regard to
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Global Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which
A)countries gain new colonies to replace older ones.
B)countries rid themselves of former colonies.
C)multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country.
D)companies operate in many countries at one time.
Q2) How would modernization theory explain the increasing economic inequality in the world over the last century? How would dependency theory explain the increasing economic inequality?
Q3) The people of the high-income countries, who represent 23 percent of the world's population, enjoy about how much of the world's income?
A)18 percent
B)38 percent
C)58 percent
D)78 percent
Q4) Modernization theory claims that what we need to explain in human history is not poverty but affluence.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and define four types of slavery found in today's world.
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Chapter 13: Gender Stratification
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that young males have less mathematical ability, but greater verbal ability than young females.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Corporate women still encounter a "glass ceiling" that prevents them from being promoted to high levels in the company.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages
A)men to take control of the workplace.
B)growing gender equality.
C)women to have more children.
D)All of these are correct.
Q4) Sexism is the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Liberal feminism seeks the elimination of gender itself.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The socialization process links gender to personal identity
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Race and Ethnicity
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People of Chinese ancestry were the first Asian Americans to come to the United States and they remain the largest in terms of population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Today, about how many immigrants come to the United States, both legally and illegally, each year?
A)130,000
B)1.3 million
C)13 million
D)130 million
Q3) Sociologically speaking, a minority is any category that is numerically less than half of a society's population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the "trend toward mixture" in terms of race in the United States?
Q5) In most cases, race and ethnicity refer to the same thing.
A)True
B)False
Q6) When did slavery begin in the United States? When was it outlawed?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Aging and the Elderly
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124 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The median age of the U.S.population now stands at twenty years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One criticism of disengagement theory is that
A)few seniors ever want to disengage.
B)seniors have little to contribute to society.
C)many older people do not have the money to permit disengaging from work.
D)many older people are not physically or mentally able to work.
Q3) Which country has the most permissive law involving physician-assisted suicide in the world?
A)the United States
B)the Netherlands
C)Russia
D)Japan
Q4) Read the four terms below.Which of them is NOT one of the stages in the dying process described by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?
A)denial
B)intervention
C)negotiation
D)acceptance
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Chapter 16: The Economy and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early factories in New England, where the Industrial Revolution first developed in the United States
A)employed women for half the wages paid to men.
B)manufactured textiles.
C)discouraged any worker organizations.
D)All of these are correct.
Q2) In the history of human societies, when did the economy become a social institution distinct from the family and other institutions?
Q3) Globalization of the economy means that
A)world regions specialize in one sector of economic activity.
B)more and more products pass through several nations.
C)a small number of businesses represent a huge share of global economic output.
D)All of these are correct.
Q4) Turning metals into automobiles is work that falls within the A)primary sector.
B)secondary sector.
C)tertiary sector.
D)All of these are correct.
Q5) What important changes in production defined the coming of the Industrial Revolution?
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Chapter 17: Politics and Government
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nuclear proliferation is the process by which the two superpowers engage in an arms race.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An examination of socialist and capitalist systems suggests that political liberty and economic equality almost always go together.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What Weber called the "routinization of charisma" involves charismatic authority
A)disappearing entirely.
B)becoming a reflection of a leader's unique personality.
C)becoming sheer force.
D)transforming into some combination of traditional authority and rational-legal authority.
Q4) A pluralist approach to the U.S.political system suggests that
A)power is concentrated in the hands of a few.
B)an anti-democratic bias exists in the capitalist system.
C)power is widely dispersed throughout society.
D)many people do not vote because they are alienated from the political system.
Q5) What is the difference between power and authority?
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Feminist analysis links the operation of the family to patriarchy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In today's high-income nations, children are
A)an economic asset.
B)an economic liability.
C)able to earn more than what parents spend to raise them.
D)leaving home to go to work earlier in life than ever before.
Q3) Which of the following are counted among the tasks of the family, according to the structural-functional approach?
A)socialization of the young
B)regulation of sexual activity
C)social placement
D)All of the above are correct.
Q4) Most adults in the United States say they want at least three children, although most do not go on to have this many.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In what specific ways does social class affect families and family life?
Q6) Why do more of U.S.households contain a single person?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the distinction between the sacred and the profane?
Q2) The concept "karma" refers to
A)the Christian belief in salvation.
B)the Hindu belief in the progress of the human soul.
C)the Muslim desire to do God's will.
D)the first five books of the Jewish Bible.
Q3) Supporters of liberation theology hope that this social movement will achieve which of the following goals?
A)keeping politics out of the church
B)helping people endure their suffering
C)encouraging personal growth
D)reducing social inequality and, especially, poverty
Q4) Both Christianity and Islam are monotheistic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The same elements of life are defined as sacred throughout the world.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How do spiritual "seekers" differ from members of established churches?
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Q7) What is Max Weber's thesis regarding Protestantism and the rise of capitalism?
Chapter 20: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) James Coleman concluded that the only factor needed to improve schooling was increased school funding.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the United States today, what percentage of people over the age of twenty-five have earned a four-year college degree?
A)30 percent
B)50 percent
C)75 percent
D)90 percent
Q3) How is the development of schooling linked to economic development?
Q4) A social-conflict analysis suggests that schooling in the United States developed in the late nineteenth century because that was the time that
A)factory owners needed an obedient and disciplined workforce.
B)immigrants had to learn English in order to work in factories.
C)the country had to teach immigrants that its way of life was right and good.
D)All of these are correct.
Q5) What is "functional illiteracy"? How extensive is this problem in the United States?
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Chapter 21: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States, how does life expectancy of white people compare to that of black people?
A)It is four years longer.
B)It is about the same.
C)It is two years shorter.
D)It is four years shorter.
Q2) What do we know about the problem of obesity in the United States that shows this to be a social and cultural issue?
Q3) Scientific medicine typically develops in
A)pastoral societies.
B)agrarian societies.
C)industrial societies.
D)All of these are correct.
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a chronic illness?
A)influenza
B)cancer
C)accidents
D)pneumonia
Q5) What is the most common method of HIV transmission in the United States? In the world as a whole?
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Chapter 22: Population, Urbanization, and Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) When did the world's population reach 1 billion?
A)1600
B)1700
C)1800
D)1900
Q2) What is the "demographic divide"?
Q3) The average life expectancy for U.S.children born today is about sixty years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies were built on _____, modern urban societies are held together by _____.
A)likeness; difference
B)difference; likeness
C)money; morals
D)choice; conformity
Q5) The crude death rate is the most widely used measure of a society's population decline.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why is the crude birth rate "crude"?
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Collective Behavior and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mass-society theory predicts that social movements will involve people who
A)are socially isolated.
B)have sufficient resources to launch and sustain them.
C)feel they lack enough income, power, or human dignity.
D)mobilize around cultural symbols.
Q2) Hurricane Irene, which devastated parts of New England in 2011, is best thought of as an example of which of the following types of disasters?
A)natural disaster
B)technological disaster
C)intentional disaster
D)All of these are correct.
Q3) Structural-strain theory claims that social movements
A)have no single cause.
B)begin when there is widespread agreement that society has some serious problem.
C)often come together following some precipitating factor.
D)All of these are correct.
Q4) In industrial societies, established style gives way to changing fashion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Social Change: Traditional
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karl Marx claimed that conflict between classes had the effect of preventing social change.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The coins we use today were devised in the Middle East centuries ago.This is an example of which of the following?
A)invention
B)discovery
C)diffusion
D)None of these is correct.
Q3) Following mass-society theory, the key problem of living in a modern society is
A)finding any personal freedom.
B)dealing with persistent poverty.
C)gaining a sense of power.
D)building a confident personal identity in a quickly changing and morally relativistic world.
Q4) What are Peter Berger's four major characteristics of modernization?
Q5) What is "postmodernity"? What are the criticisms made of our society?
Q6) What are four key characteristics of the process of social change?
Q7) What did Max Weber say was the defining trait of modern society?
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