Cultural Studies
Test Bank
Course Introduction
Cultural Studies explores the ways in which culture shapes and reflects social realities, power dynamics, and everyday life. Drawing on theories from sociology, anthropology, media studies, and literary criticism, the course investigates topics such as identity, representation, ideology, and the influence of popular culture. Students critically examine how cultural practices and artifacts ranging from television and film to fashion and digital media both reinforce and challenge social norms, historical narratives, and systems of power. Through analysis of global and local case studies, the course encourages students to understand and interrogate the multifaceted relationships between culture, society, and individual experience.
Recommended Textbook
Humanities The Culture Continuity and Change Volume II 1600 to the Present 2nd Edition by Henry
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Chapter 20: The Baroque in Italy: The Church and Its Appeal
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program,with what did Bernini equate Saint Teresa's religious visions?
A)Spiritual rebirth
B)Duality of body
C)Sexual orgasm
D)Ecstatic dancing
Q2) While his coworkers constructed his designs,what hobby did Bernini pursue?
A)Flower cultivation at the Villa Borghese
B)Writing plays and designing stage sets
C)Amateur archaeology in Rome's ruins
D)Composing canzonas for religious services
Q3) What did Bernini intend his Four Rivers Fountain to represent?
A)Triumph of the Roman Catholic Church over the world's rivers
B)Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III's defeat of Egypt
C)Domination of the Roman Catholic Church over paganism
D)The Roman Catholic Church's position as the center of the world
Q4) Compare Bernini's Baroque David to Michelangelo's Renaissance David,explaining how each is representative of its respective period.
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Chapter 21: The Secular Baroque in the North: The Art of Observation
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Q1) In Descent from the Cross,discussed in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why does Rembrandt push his scene deeper into the canvas than does Rubens in his earlier painting of the same title?
A)To make his small painting more intimate
B)To remove the viewers from the action
C)To make the subjects look more helpless
D)To accommodate more subjects around the cross
Q2) List and define three ways in which seventeenth-century Amsterdam can be considered a city of contradictions.
Q3) Why in 1618 were some members expelled from the Dutch Reformed Church and even imprisoned?
A)Belief that good deeds could overcome predestination
B)Refusal to convert from Calvinism to Dutch Reformed
C)Belief that predestination was independent of faith
D)Refusal to remove religious art from their churches
Q4) Describe the developments in Dutch music during the seventeenth century,highlighting especially the innovations and contributions of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Q6) List and describe three of the most popular subjects of Dutch artists. Page 4
Q5) List and briefly explain Francis Bacon's four major categories of false notion.
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Chapter 22: The Baroque Court: Absolute Power and Royal Patronage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare Nicolas Poussin's painting philosophy and style to Peter Paul Rubens' philosophy and style.
Q2) Why has the era of Louis XIV's reign come to be known as the Age of Absolutism?
A)Science was providing answers for what previously was unknown
B)Louis was a strong monarch who exerted power based on divine right
C)The artists and architects looked to the absolutes of classical style
D)Louis served as monarch to both France and the Holy Roman Empire
Q3) Why did the Spanish program to convert the Pueblo to Christianity fail in 1680?
A)Spain lost its New World holdings to the Dutch
B)Facing financial crisis,Spain recalled the missionaries
C)The Pueblo revolted and killed many of the Spanish
D)Disease introduced by the Spanish decimated the Pueblo
Q4) Which Baroque artist greatly influenced Diego Velázquez's paintings?
A)Rembrandt
B)Vermeer
C)Caravaggio
D)Poussin
Q5) Explain how and why Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz's San Pedro Nolasco dramatizes the diversity of language and culture in New Spain.
Q6) Define absolutism,and show how Louis XIV's rule exemplifies it. Page 6
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Chapter 23: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: The
Claims of Reason
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Q1) How did Samuel Richardson tell the plot of his novel Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded?
A)Stream of consciousness
B)Series of letters
C)Fictitious autobiography
D)Diary entries
Q2) Describe three ways the 1666 Great Fire of London changed London for the better.
Q3) Explain the scope and significance of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language.
Q4) Why was the Great Fire advantageous to London?
A)It forced the city to establish paid firefighters
B)It made the city construct better public housing
C)It destroyed the slums near the harbor
D)It allowed the city's center to be modernized
Q5) As reported in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why did the British consider Thomas Jefferson a hypocrite?
A)For advocating revolution yet refusing to fight
B)For preaching equality yet considering the British inferior
C)For condemning slavery yet owning slaves
D)For supporting America yet loving European architecture
Q6) Explain how Milton's God and Satan reflect the ideas of Locke and Hobbes. Page 8
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Chapter 24: The Rococo and the Enlightenment on the
Continent: Privilege and Reason
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Q1) As explained in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why was Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun's Marie-Antionette en chemise rejected by the Salon of 1783?
A)They thought Marie's gown was lingerie
B)They objected to the painting's informality
C)They considered its lines too classical
D)They believed Marie's smile was too inviting
Q2) Identify and describe two ways Rococo painting differs from Baroque.
Q3) Which of the following is not characteristic of the English garden?
A)Winding paths
B)Manicured flowerbeds
C)lightly forested areas
D)Lakes and marshes
Q4) What view of God did the Deists take?
A)God was a creation of mythology
B)God predestined human behavior
C)God did not create the universe
D)God had little to do with humans
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Q5) Identify and explain at least two reasons Louis XV and his court objected to printing and distribution of the Encyclopédie.
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Chapter 25: The Rights of Man: Revolution and the
Neoclassical Style
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Q1) Why did Napoleon launch a massive rebuilding program in Paris?
A)To restore Paris to its Baroque grandeur
B)To impress his empire with his new palace
C)To make Paris the new Rome
D)To expand the churches to glorify God
Q2) Why did Houdon position a plowshare beaten by a sword behind George Washington in his 1788 sculpture?
A)To signify his role as a warrior who brought peace to his people
B)To show the two aspects-farming and military-of the United States
C)To show that Washington was a farmer before becoming a general
D)To reference the Roman farmer-poet Virgil and Augustus Caesar
Q3) Which of the following European countries did not provide the colonists financial and naval support in their fight against British rule?
A)France
B)Germany
C)The Netherlands
D)Spain
Q4) Compare the Americans' reasons for revolting against the British to the French's reasons for rising against the monarchy.
Page 11
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Chapter 26: The Romantic World View: the Self in Nature
and the Nature of Self
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Q1) What term did Hector Berlioz give to the leading theme or melody in his symphonies?
A)Scherzo
B)Fortissimo
C)Idée fixe
D)Étude
Q2) In A Defense of Poetry,what did Percy Shelley claim was the role of poets?
A)To entertain with words
B)To document human ideas
C)To verbalize human emotions
D)To change the world
Q3) Why does the vase in "Ode on a Grecian Urn" fascinate John Keats?
A)The superior craftsmanship of its artist
B)The classic lines of its shape
C)The complete focus on nature
D)The eternal beauty of its art
Q4) Define Emerson's Transcendentalist beliefs,and show how his friend Thoreau lived what Emerson preached.
Q5) List three characteristics of the Romantic hero,showing how Napoleon fit this character type.
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Q1) How did lithography revolutionize printmaking?
A)Inks on prints did not bleed
B)Artists could draw more detail
C)Prints became quick and cheap
D)Prints could be made in color
Q2) What Western male belief do the French odalisque (concubine)paintings show?
A)Beauty of the female body
B)Western superiority to Orient
C)Male need for pornography
D)Male dominance of women
Q3) According to French philosopher Auguste Comte,society passes through what three stages on its quest for knowledge?
A)Rural,urban,and suburban
B)Theological,metaphysical,and positive
C)Mythological,religious,and scientific
D)Superstitious,religious,and enlightened
Q4) Explain the events that inspired the creation of Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa.
Q5) Describe the living and working conditions of nineteenth-century London.
Q6) Explain Charles Darwin's argument of natural selection.
Page 13
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Chapter 28: Global Confrontation and Civil War: Challenges to Cultural Identity
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Q1) Why was Egyptian cotton so prized by European markets?
A)Held dye better
B)Exceptionally soft
C)Long ,strong fibers
D)Cheaper than American
Q2) Why did the Parisian workers revolt in June 1848?
A)Charles-Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte declared himself emperor
B)Bread shortages had led to massive inflation
C)The government shut down the National Workshops
D)The military seized control of the factories
Q3) Why does Suzuki Harunobu in both Two Courtesans.Inside and Outside the Display Window and Visiting (Kayoi)portray one woman sitting and the other standing?
A)To show one (sitting)as virtuous and one (standing)as immoral
B)To represent a phallus with the standing woman
C)To reflect the Taoist principle of harmonious opposites
D)To balance the figures within his grid structure
Q4) Describe the role cotton played in Europe's subjugation of at least three non-European countries.
Page 14
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Chapter 29: In Pursuit of Modernity: Paris in the 1850s and 1860s
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Q1) In Rigoletto,how does Giuseppe Verdi show his characters' contrasting emotions?
A)Using lighting to underscore feelings
B)Replacing songs with spoken words
C)Introducing discordant musical elements
D)Presenting two scenes simultaneously
Q2) According to Baudelaire,what was the greatest job of the flâneur (man-about-town)like himself and Édouard Manet?
A)To seduce women
B)To create poetry and art
C)To challenge authority
D)To shock the bourgeoisie
Q3) As described in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,why does the older woman in Manet's The Gare Saint-Lazare seem resigned to her status as a nineteenth-century French female?
A)She sits with her back to the train
B)She gazes directly at the viewer
C)She wears her long hair down
D)She wears dark-colored clothes
Q4) Define literary naturalism,and provide two examples Émile Zola's works.
Page 15
Q5) Define leitmotif,and explain Wagner's use of it to unify his music drama.
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Chapter
Nineteenth-Century Europe
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Q1) What effect does Claude Monet's loose brushwork give to Boulevard des Capucines?
A)Snow drifting through trees
B)Animation of a public street
C)Insignificance of human swarms
D)Majesty of the Place de l'Opéra
Q2) Why was Emperor Louis-Napoleon imprisoned and exiled to England in 1870?
A)The French General Lecomte staged a coup
B)The Prussian army defeated his forces
C)Rebelling Parisians captured him
D)His brother Maximilian deposed him
Q3) Why did John Ruskin dislike mass manufacture?
A)Its results were too standardized and uniform
B)It deprived people of the satisfaction of creating
C)It exploited the lower-class factory workers
D)It created hastily done,shoddy products
Q4) Why was Degas attracted to the soft effects of pastel chalks?
A)To blur distinctions among figures
B)To create works more quickly
C)To simulate gaslight atmosphere
D)To blend light and dark colors
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Chapter 31: The Course of Empire: Expansion and Conflict in America
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Q1) Not exactly well received during his time,Walt Whitman and his works continue to influence writers today.Identify and describe at least two ways Whitman changed American literature.
Q2) In The Rocky Mountains,Lander's Peak,why did Albert Bierstadt paint a mountain from the Swiss Alps,not the actual Lander's Peak?
A)The Swiss mountain is more picturesque
B)He had never been to the Rocky Mountains
C)There is no Lander's Peak in the Rocky Mountains
D)His audience expected that familiar view
Q3) Why did one reviewer call Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass "a mass of rotten filth"?
A)Anti-slavery sentiments
B)Native American support
C)Celebrations of sexuality
D)Free verse writing style
Q4) Why did the U.S.Congress select Chicago to host the 1893 Columbian Exposition?
A)Location at center of the U.S.
B)Majority of citizens foreign-born
C)Lakes providing efficient transport
D)Rural areas for hall construction
Page 17
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Chapter 32: The Fin De Siècle: Toward the Modern
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Q1) How did Louis Comfort Tiffany create his Art Nouveau stained glass?
A)Adding ground gemstones to the molten glass
B)Dusting it with gold and silver powder
C)Mixing different colors of glass together while hot
D)Placing small dots of two colors very near each other
Q2) Citing at least two artists as examples,explain the effect on their art of the Symbolists' need to retire from society in order to create works.
Q3) Describe Auguste Rodin's research for his Monument to Balzac,and analyze his reasons for presenting Balzac in a non-realistic manner.
Q4) What is the literal definition of fin de siècle?
A)End of the century
B)Beginning of the cycle
C)Period of hope
D)Time of change
Q5) How did the Symbolists present the human experience?
A)Describing the reality of human behavior
B)Suggesting instead of quantifying meaning
C)Using simple,ordinary themes and motifs
D)Showing the sexuality and human behavior
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Chapter 33: The Era of Invention: Paris and the Modern World
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Q1) Why did viewers find Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon disturbing?
A)The subjects are prostitutes
B)The shapes are unnatural
C)The women look androgynous
D)The blue and orange colors clash
Q2) Why did Guillaume Apollinaire arrange the words of his calligramme poem "Il Pleut" in vertical columns?
A)To mimic musical notation
B)To imitate Chinese script
C)To create a verbal picture
D)To defy traditional form
Q3) Why did Arnold Schoenberg create his 12-tone system?
A)To abandon the home-key idea of tonality
B)To show that every tone was equal to every other
C)To give his Sprechstimme(speech-song)a wider range
D)To reflect song with more explosive force
Q4) Compare Georges Braque's Violin and Palette to Pablo Picasso's Violin,focusing on portrayal of the violins,other objects pictured with the violins,and meaning expressed by the two works.
Q5) Identify and explain the three characteristics of Imagist poetry.
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Chapter 34: The Great War and Its Impact: a Lost
Generation and a New Imagination
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Q1) Show and explain two ways Freud's theories about personality affected the Surrealist art of Picasso and Dali.
Q2) Why did Sergei Eisenstein make agitkas,the most famous of which is The Battleship Potemkin?
A)To gain support for the Bolshevik revolution
B)To frighten peasants into obeying the government
C)To portray the brutality of the Bolsheviks
D)To heighten the Russians' sense of nationalism
Q3) What did one American critic call Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase?
A)"The work of a French lunatic"
B)"Tin cans descending a staircase"
C)"Naked girl falling down a staircase"
D)"An explosion in a shingle factory"
Q4) Compare Alfred,Lord Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade" to Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est" within the context of World War I.
Q5) Describe the effects Sergei Eisenstein achieved with montage in The Battleship Potemkin's Odessa Steps sequence.Then show how a modern filmmaker has used this technique in a recent film.
Q6) List and define Freud's three competing drives of human personality.
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Chapter
Making It New
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Q1) How did New York's white population support the Harlem cultural resurgence?
A)Investing in black-owned businesses
B)Financing revitalization of Harlem apartments
C)Buying blacks' art and frequenting the clubs
D)Supporting black-owned publication houses
Q2) Recalling Gertrude Stein's pronouncement that "You are all a lost generation" (Chap.35),show how that sense of alienation appears in the main characters of Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.
Q3) Define genre film,and list three types popularized during the 1920s.Then identify three modern films that can be considered genre films.Then explain two reasons for the continuing appeal of the genre film.
Q4) Which of the following is not a genre of film that was popularized by the 1920s?
A)Comedy
B)Musical
C)Western
D)Gangster
Q5) Identify and explain two ways the films made in 1920s Hollywood differ from those made in Europe during the same era.
Page 21
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Chapter 36: The Age of Anxiety: Fascism and Depression
holocaust and Bomb
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Q1) Define Bertolt Brecht's concept of epic theater,and list the four ways his plays aimed to achieve his desired effect.
Q2) What 1927 film was the first feature-length talkie?
A)The Blue Angel
B)The Wizard of Oz
C)The Black Pirate
D)The Jazz Singer
Q3) As discussed in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section,what economic factor distinguishes the Bauhaus-design Seagram Building in New York City?
A)The glass façade was less expensive than concrete
B)Movable interior walls make renovation less costly
C)The building occupies less land due to its height
D)Every vertical foot above ground is rentable
Q4) On what condition would Picasso allow Guernica to be on permanent display in a museum in his native Spain?
A)Picasso himself was dead
B)Spanish people regain civil liberties
C)Francisco Franco was dead
D)Spain became a republic
Page 22
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Q1) In The Second Sex,Simone de Beauvoir presented complacency with the status quo as the reason for women occupying a secondary status to men.List two female Abstract Expressionist painters,and discuss their contributions to the male-dominated art.
Q2) How did Jackson Pollock create his Abstract Expressionist mental landscapes?
A)Action painting
B)Hard-edge painting
C)Wet-on-wet painting
D)Combine painting
Q3) What did the philosophical movement of existentialism offer people?
A)Explanation for the horrors of World War II
B)Affirmation of the existence of a higher power
C)Path for finding some sense of meaning in life
D)Realization that people are not in control of their lives
Q4) Why did Frank Lloyd Wright design the Guggenheim Museum in New York as a spiral with a ramp and an open rotunda in the middle?
A)Visitors could see what they had viewed and what was to come
B)Modern art would be viewed in a distinctly modern setting
C)Visitors would not tire from climbing many stairs
D)Visitors could see the art in a natural light
Page 23
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Chapter 38: Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and Identity in
the 1960s and 1970s
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Q1) Why did rap,or hip-hop,develop during the 1960s?
A)Perform during the Last Poets gatherings
B)Protest treatment of African Americans
C)Popularize works by African American poets
D)Protest the dominancy of white music
Q2) May 4,1970,why did the National Guard open fire on and kill four Kent State students?
A)For pelting the National Guard with rocks
B)For chanting antiwar slogans
C)For reasons still not fully known
D)For burning American flags
Q3) What did the college students involved in the 1960s antiwar movement want school administrations to do?
A)Prevent the students from being drafted
B)Allow antiwar rallies on campus
C)Remove ROTC from their campuses
D)Sanction antiwar fund-raising events
Q4) List and analyze two reasons for the title of Ralph Ellison's novel-Invisible Man.
Q5) Summarize the role popular music played in the youth rebellion of the 1960s.
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Chapter 39: Without Boundaries: Multiple Meanings in a
Postmodern World
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Q1) How does Renzo Piano's Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center in New Caledonia qualify as "green architecture"?
A)Ten pavilions function as wind scoops and cool the inside
B)Open,unfinished pavilions are used to collect rainwater
C)Open center is used for cultivating bamboo for construction
D)Southern orientation provides passive solar heating
Q2) Why did Frank Gehry use industrial materials such as corrugated metal to surround his Santa Monica,CA,house?
A)Keep his working-class neighbors away
B)Use materials found in the neighborhood
C)Contrast with his house's frame construction
D)Expand inexpensively the house's living space
Q3) In literature,how does the postmodern hero differ from his or her predecessors?
A)Has been rejected by society for not conforming
B)Embraces his or her ordinariness and lack of purpose
C)Has no definable goal and merely wanders through life
D)Accepts that the search for meaning is never-ending
Q4) Referencing one poem and one novel discussed in the chapter,explain the "open interpretation" that characterizes postmodern literature.
Page 25
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