Cultural Studies of Sport
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationships between sport, culture, and society, examining how athletic practices both reflect and shape social identities, values, and power structures. Students will analyze the ways in which sports intersect with issues of race, gender, class, nationalism, and globalization, drawing on theoretical frameworks from cultural studies and related disciplines. Through case studies, critical readings, and discussions, the course encourages students to think critically about the global and local meanings of sport, the role of media and commercialization, and the influence of historical and sociopolitical contexts on sporting cultures.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies 11th Edition by Jay Coakley
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15 Chapters
798 Verified Questions
798 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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Q1) When sociologists say that sports are "contested activities," they mean that
A)all sports involve some form of contest or competition.
B)sports exist to enable people to have contests with each other.
C)people in any society must compete with each other to play sports.
D)people may struggle over what sports are and who should play them.
Answer: D
Q2) Dominant gender ideology in most societies has traditionally emphasized that
A)female inferiority in sports is based in nature.
B)women are naturally more aggressive than men.
C)girls and boys should learn to play sports together.
D)competent women athletes are sexually attractive.
Answer: A
Q3) According to the definition often used by people in North America, sport is an activity that involves
A)complex cognitive skills combined with complex physical skills.
B)physical challenges or competitive contests.
C)both cooperation and teamwork.
D)serious psychological and physical strategies.
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport
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Q1) Messner's research findings enabled him to explain that gender consists of A)meaning, performance, and organization.
B)a collection of traits that identify a person's status in life.
C)patterns of action related to sex hormones.
D)the sexual orientations of human beings.
Answer: A
Q2) When Messner used cultural theories as a guide for collecting and analyzing data in his research project, he focused primarily on
A)the way soccer players performed gender.
B)the number of teams coached by men or women.
C)team names and colors.
D)the ways that sports are a reflection of society.
Answer: C
Q3) Sociologist Mike Messner decided to initiate his research on gender and sports after witnessing events at
A)his son's soccer season opening ceremonies.
B)a Los Angeles Lakers game in which Kobe Bryant was playing.
C)a park where adult teams played flag football.
D)his daughter's first softball game of the season.
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) A review of socialization research led the author to conclude that sport participation is most likely to have positive socialization consequences when it
A)it limits a person's relationships to coaches and teammates.
B)it keeps people off the streets and in the locker room.
C)provides opportunities to expand experiences outside of sports.
D)teaches people how to compete against others.
Answer: C
Q2) When researchers use cultural theories and a postructuralist approach to study community-based socialization processes, they focus on
A)the ways that tax money is spent in a community.
B)the roles of coaches and teachers in community life.
C)relationships between religious organizations and the schools in a town.
D)whose stories about sports become dominant in a culture.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) Informal games are generally organized to emphasize
A)action and personal involvement in the action
B)adherence to rules and strict enforcement of rules.
C)winning and personal performance records.
D)the elimination of physical challenges.
Q2) Organized youth sports in the United States were originally developed to teach lower-class boys how to work together peacefully and to help middle-class boys
A)counteract the "feminized" values they learned at home from their mothers.
B)become less competitive in their relationships with each other.
C)accept the fact that they would not be as successful as their fathers.
D)learn homemaking skills that they could use after they were married.
Q3) According to the author, youth sports in the United States today are
A)a fragmented, disjointed, and uncoordinated mix bag of programs.
B)centrally governed by a new national youth sports government agency.
C)all organized around the same goals and purposes.
D)based on research evidence related to childhood development.
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Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) According to the author, winning is important to long time professional athletes because they
A)have made commitments to their coaches.
B)are addicted to their own celebrity status.
C)don't want to disappoint their fans.
D)want to remain in their sports.
Q2) A reason that athletes may overconform to the norms of the sport ethic is because they
A)seek identity reaffirmation from other athlete.
B)were pressured by their parents to play sports.
C)want to be seen as normal by people outside of sports.
D)want to be seen as better than their fellow athletes.
Q3) Athletes today sometimes seem to engage in more sport-related forms of deviance than athletes in the past because
A)coaches today are less concerned about control than they were in the past.
B)society is less orderly today than in the past.
C)sports and sport organizations have more rules today than in the past.
D)rules in sports are enforced more strictly today than in the past.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: How Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Athletes may be marginalized or formally punished if they engage in A)brutal body contact or criminal violence.
B)quasi-criminal or criminal violence.
C)borderline violence or quasi-criminal violence.
D)violent overconformity or criminal violence.
Q2) Most sociological research on sport spectator violence has been done by scholars in A)North America.
B)South america.
C)Asia.
D)Europe.
Q3) Most sociological research on sport spectator violence has been done by scholars in A)North America.
B)South america.
C)Asia.
D)Europe.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) The dominant gender ideology associated with mainstream sports tends to A)celebrate traditional ideas about masculinity.
B)understate the natural physical strength of men.
C)promote the notion that women are intellectually superior to men.
D)prevent men from wanting to dominate other men.
Q2) The U.S.government law, Title IX, prohibits gender discrimination in A)all U.S.schools.
B)public elementary and high schools, but not colleges and universities.
C)any educational institution receiving federal money.
D)in all sports offered in schools or community programs.
Q3) Former Stanford atlete and current author Mariah Burton Nelso has hypothesized that as women gain more power in society, men
A)tend to drop out of sports.
B)seek out gender-mixed sports so they can compete against women.
C)avoid heavy contact and collision sports as spectators.
D)prefer manly sports such as football.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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Q1) When "whiteness" is used as the taken-for-granted standard against which everything else is viewed, the success of black athletes is
A)explained in terms of cultural factors by whites.
B)seen by whites as a "problem" in need of explanation.
C)seldom covered in the mainstream media.
D)defined by whites as a result of luck.
Q2) Racial segregation and exclusion are most likely to be eliminated in sports when A)team success depends on friendships among team members
B)the entire team benefits from the success of individual team members.
C)team owners must make financial sacrifices.
D)being a good player leads to promotions and control in sport organizations.
Q3) The author hypothesizes that dominant racial ideology influences athletic performance among black men in many societies because it encourages those men to
A)feel a sense of destiny to become great athletes in certain sports.
B)have extremely high levels of self-confidence in all realms of social life.
C)avoid power and performance sports.
D)ignore many of the opportunities to play sports in public schools.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Q1) Class ideology in the United States is organized around A)money and happiness.
B)the American Dream and a belief in meritocracy.
C)the importance of fate and luck.
D)a belief that nice people are never successful.
Q2) Quotes from the men interviewed by sociologist Loic Wacquant suggest that participation in professional boxing is best understood in terms of
A)the personalities of those who choose to box.
B)the social context in which people make choices about their lives.
C)the large salaries made by nearly all professional boxers.
D)broken families and absent fathers.
Q3) When gender relations and class relations come together in people's lives which category of women is likely to have the highest sport participation rate?
A)Women from low-income households.
B)Women from upper-income households.
C)Women who work outside the home.
D)Women with active children over 8 years old.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prosthetic technologies that enable leg amputees to participate in running sports are
A)too expensive to be acquired by most people with leg amputations.
B)funded by the U.S.military and available to anyone who qualifies for food stamps.
C)generally provided by charitable organizations serving people with a disability.
D)now manufactured with lifetime warranties and replacement guarantees.
Q2) To be eligible to participate in the Paralympics, each athlete must be classified according to his or her physical impairment.This classification must be done by
A)the athlete's general practitioner who has examined and treated the athlete regularly.
B)the athlete's parents and a general practitioner.
C)trained experts who do full examinations and evaluations of the athlete.
D)at least two other athletes who can describe and substantiate the impairment.
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Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the
Characteristics of Commercial Sports
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Q1) In the box, Extreme Heroic Action, sociologist Brendan Maguire uses structural theory to hypothesize that professional wrestling is popular in social worlds characterized by A)strong community ties.
B)anxiety and social disenchantment.
C)weak forms of social control.
D)traditional gender relations.
Q2) One of the key elements in the CBA signed in 2005 between the National Hockey League and the NHL Players Association were provisions that A)set ticket prices for all NHL games.
B)allowed fans to vote on players' salaries.
C)limited team payrolls and salaries for players.
D)gave players the freedom to sign contracts with any team.
Q3) The sport with the teams that have the highest global recognition and value is A)North American football.
B)soccer.
C)basketball.
D)rugby.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) In the case of sports, those who control the media influence sports because
A)they only cover the sports that they and their associates play.
B)media viewers mimic whatever they consume in the media.
C)they decide which sports and events to cover and how they are covered.
D)people in sports will do whatever they say in order to receive coverage.
Q2) Studies of the relationship between consuming media sports and the actions of spectators show that
A)the media coverage of sports is organized to encourage people to gamble.
B)people who watch sports on TV are more obese than other people.
C)the media have a positive effect on attendance at all sport events.
D)watching media sports does not influence patterns of sport participation.
Q3) According to data in Table 12-1 and Figure 12-2, rights fees for major sports have
A)gone up and down with major economic trends.
B)increased steadily through 2013.
C)declined steadily between 2007 and 2013.
D)remained stable over the past 20 years.
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Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence Sports
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Q1) A problem associated with using sports to bridge diplomatic and cultural gaps between peoples of the world is that sports may
A)force economically powerful nations to develop poor nations.
B)encourage developing nations to depend more on wealthy nations.
C)enable powerless nations to take unfair advantage of powerful nations.
D)lead to global migration patterns that upset the stability of all nations.
Q2) Data on connections between sports and international relations suggests that sports
A)shape important negotiations related to vital national interests in global politics.
B)are most often used as forms of public diplomacy.
C)only influence political relationships when nations have little power.
D)are unrelated to all aspects of international relations.
Q3) When government involvement in sports is intended to promote identity and unity, it
A)succeeds only when funding is provided.
B)often leads to deadly forms of class conflict.
C)also creates strong international relationships.
D)usually benefits some people more than others.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) In the Southeastern Conference, the most successful college football conference in the United States, the universities spent an average of $13.400 on each student, whereas for each football player they spent an average of about
A)$20,000
B)$60,000
C)$120,000
D)$160,000
Q2) Research suggests that future reforms must address problems related to the A)health of athletes and their academic achievement.
B)growing separation between university culture and college sport culture.
C)actions of faculty members insistent on undermining athletic departments.
D)learning disabilities that prevent many athletes from succeeding in college.
Q3) Among male athletes in big-time college sport programs, there is a tendency for athletic identities to be given a higher priority than academic identities because of A)the pressures that are put on them by parents and faculty.
B)their inability to successfully do college level academic work.
C)the social support they receive for athletic participation.
D)the personality factors that are common to most athletes.
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Chapter
Religions:
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Q1) The recent Olympic teams that have been least likely to have women athletes are from nations where
A)there is a high proportion of Catholics.
B)most people hold fundamentalist Muslim beliefs.
C)most people hold orthodox Jewish beliefs.
D)there is high religious diversity.
Q2) In sports that are associated with risky lifestyles, athletes sometimes use religion to
A)gain endorsement contracts for wholesome products.
B)enable them to take risks without consequences.
C)strengthen their relationships with teammates who have problems.
D)generally stay out of trouble.
Q3) Those who say there are essential and unchanging differences between sport and religion believe that sport is essentially
A)expressive, whereas religion is instrumental.
B)self-promotional, whereas religion is service- and love-oriented.
C)simple whereas, religion is complex and confusing.
D)communal whereas, religion is focused on the individual.
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Page 17