Cultural Psychology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Cultural Psychology explores the dynamic relationship between culture and psychological processes, examining how cultural contexts shape the ways individuals perceive, think, feel, and behave. This course delves into theories and research methods that illuminate cultural influences on cognitive development, identity formation, emotion, motivation, and social behaviors. Through comparative case studies and cross-cultural research, students gain an understanding of cultural diversity, the construction of the self, and the psychological mechanisms underlying intercultural interactions. The course also addresses globalization's impact, acculturation, and the development of culturally sensitive practices in various professional fields.
Recommended Textbook
Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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14 Chapters
872 Verified Questions
872 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Feminist psychologists believe that with regard to equality with men, women
A) will never be considered equal.
B) have not yet achieved full equality.
C) have nearly achieved full equality.
D) achieved full equality in the 1960s and 1970s, but have lost many of the gains they made at that time.
Answer: B
Q2) In a research process, a researcher should start by
A) collecting and analyzing data so that patterns of results become clear.
B) generating a question to be answered by gathering information systematically.
C) devising materials such as questionnaires or laboratory setups.
D) choosing research participants.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following phrases is true of the inequalities women face and/or have faced?
A) Denying women the right to vote, own property, or use public spaces
B) Denying women the right to make decisions about their own bodies
C) Sexist harassment and receiving less pay at work
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the concept of backlash against women. Give a suitable example.
Answer: The concept of backlash against women refers to the negative and often hostile reactions that occur in response to advancements or changes in gender equality. This can manifest in various forms, such as discrimination, harassment, or violence, and is often fueled by a fear of losing power or privilege.
One suitable example of backlash against women is the phenomenon known as "mansplaining." This occurs when a man condescendingly explains something to a woman, assuming that she is ignorant or uninformed simply because of her gender. This behavior undermines women's intelligence and expertise, and is a clear example of backlash against women's progress in being taken seriously and respected in professional and academic settings. It reflects a resistance to women's empowerment and a desire to maintain traditional gender roles and power dynamics.
Q2) Which type of touch is a lower-status individual most likely to initiate?
A) handshakes
B) touching of the arm or shoulder
C) less intrusive touch
D) handshakes and less intrusive touch
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Images of Women
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a limitation of stereotyping?
A) People do not think that women and men differ on average, and they also do not allow for overlap.
B) Although most people know the stereotypes, not everyone believes them.
C) Stereotypes tend to have the least influence when one registers a first impression of a stranger.
D) The activation of stereotypes in people's minds is under their conscious control, and it cannot happen if people don't believe the stereotypes.
Answer: B
Q2) Even when women have the authority to be heard, their
A) children's names are part of their introduction.
B) appearance is paramount.
C) parents' occupations take precedence.
D) occupation is of utmost importance.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of understanding the emotions expressed by others, ________.
A) tests show that women no longer have better skills than men
B) women are generally more skilled than men, which seems to reflect a biological sex difference
C) women are generally more skilled than men
D) both sexes have more difficulty reading men's nonverbal messages than women's
Q2) Provide some explanations for why anger is a more acceptable emotion for men to display than almost any other. Include in your discussion the influences of social context and social power.
Q3) What are display rules? Provide examples in your discussion.
Q4) Parents of girls tend to attribute their daughters' success in math to
A) good luck.
B) her ability to follow directions carefully.
C) hard work.
D) her teacher's ability to teach.
Q5) Some feminist psychologists believe that the study of gender-related differences is not a useful or important line of research. Discuss conceptual, methodological, and historical reasons for this belief. Are there, on the other hand, any good reasons to continue researching gender-related differences?
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the relationship between violence and males who have a genetic composition of XXY or XYY.
Q2) Each human being has a set of ________ chromosomes in each cell of the body.
A) 46
B) 50
C) 23
D) 25
Q3) Which of the following statements about biological sex is FALSE?
A) No one characteristic defines sex.
B) Sex involves a cluster of biological attributes.
C) Sex is fixed at conception.
D) Sex develops gradually during prenatal development.
Q4) Describe the problems associated with physicians who decide the "optimal gender" for a child and how these problems are likely to affect families and intersex individuals as they grow old.
Q5) What do the studies of individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia tell us about whether sexual identity is learned or innate? Support your answer with at least one piece of evidence.
Q6) Describe sexual differentiation in males and females.
Q7) What is gender dysphoria? Why do people choose to have sex changes?
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Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What evidence exists to show that boys have more social status and power than girls?
Q2) According to Phillips (1998), ________ tend to tie their self-esteem to their weight and are least likely to feel attractive.
A) White girls
B) African American girls
C) Latina girls
D) Asian American girls
Q3) Explain the ways in which you can teach a child to resist gender typing. Provide examples to support your answer.
Q4) In addition to learning through reinforcement, which of the following is most likely to help people learn?
A) imitation
B) talking
C) logic
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q5) Cite evidence indicating that boys are "the preferred sex." How does this preference affect children?
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Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the relationship between romantic love and sexual activity important? How is this relationship communicated?
Q2) What is meant by the terms "sexual scripts" and "sexual double standard"?
Q3) Sewing the outer lips of the vulva together to cover the urinary and vaginal entrances, leaving only a small opening for the passage of urine and menstrual blood is called
A) clitoridectomy.
B) excision.
C) infibulation.
D) intubation.
Q4) Which of the following refers to the process of acknowledging to oneself, and then to other people, that one is LGB or genderqueer?
A) self-gratification
B) coming out
C) hooking up
D) self-objectification
Q5) Define the term "sexual fluidity." Discuss the various studies that helped conclude that sexual fluidity is characteristic of female sexuality.
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Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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64 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) One contributor to the rising divorce rates is that many women
A) have become more argumentative as they have become more liberated.
B) find that men will not tolerate their desire for equality in the relationship.
C) have alternatives for economic survival other than dependence on a husband's income.
D) are marrying at an older age than in previous generations.
Q2) In the context of greater male power in marriage, which of the following statements is true of the social exchange theory?
A) It focuses on the symbolic value of gender roles.
B) It states that women should make the financial decision of a family.
C) It proposes that the partner who has less to offer in terms of status, money, or knowledge should take a back seat.
D) It greatly values the capacity of women to act as provider.
Q3) It has been argued that marital satisfaction changes over the life cycle of a marriage. Explain what this statement means.
Q4) Describe the added strains on lesbian and bisexual women in committed relationships.
Q5) Why do some people choose to cohabit?
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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77 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Results of birthing with Lamaze or similar techniques do NOT include
A) shorter labor.
B) fewer complications.
C) the amount of pain reported in "medical" births.
D) less use of anesthetics.
Q2) The Hyde Amendment prohibits the use of federal money to pay for abortions, resulting in many poor women
A) carrying unwanted fetuses to term.
B) delaying abortions and taking the risks associated with later abortions.
C) getting illegal abortions.
D) attempting self-induced abortions.
Q3) Which statement about the effect of abortion on women is true?
A) Abortion causes serious psychological damage for most women.
B) The main psychological reaction to abortion is depression.
C) No major negative psychological impacts result from abortion.
D) The main psychological reaction to abortion is depression, and no major negative psychological impacts result from abortion.
Q4) What myths are included in the "motherhood mystique"?
Q5) Describe the Lamaze method and what its effects seem to be for mothers and fathers.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a reason for "tokens" to feel a lot of performance pressure?
A) Others tend to go out of their way to help them feel at home.
B) Everyone wants to talk to them.
C) Mistakes are taken as evidence that "those people" should not have been hired.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is a quality of successful, high-achieving women?
A) being persistent despite setbacks
B) setting high standards for themselves
C) a desire to be financially independent
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Summarize the benefits of women balancing multiple roles, such as being a spouse, a parent, and a worker.
Q4) Discuss some of the possible reasons women often do not feel entitled to equality and have low expectations for their career options.
Q5) What are the consequences resulting from sexual harassment in the workplace?
Q6) What is retrospective research? Explain with examples.
Q7) Has housework become easier in the last 50 years? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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86 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was revealed from an analysis of older women in Disney movies?
A) Older women are depicted as ugly.
B) Older women are depicted as evil, greedy, and power-hungry.
C) Older women are depicted as crazy.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is a consequence of the double standard of aging?
A) There are few romantic leads for middle-aged women actors.
B) Men are perceived as becoming old later than women.
C) A man is more likely to marry a younger woman than vice versa.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) For lower socioeconomic group women,
A) retirement is guaranteed.
B) retirement occurs earlier than for other women.
C) it is likely that retirement is never going to happen.
D) retirement is likely due to excellent employer benefits.
Q4) Why are women more likely than men to be caregivers for elderly relatives and aging spouses? How does personality affect who gets assigned care work? What are the psychological costs and rewards of being a caregiver?
Q5) How do women become invisible as they age? Provide examples in your discussion.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In New Delhi, India, a young bride is beaten and sexually assaulted by the groom and his friends. In the United States, women workers in a Minnesota mine are groped, grabbed, pressured for sex, threatened, and harassed. Which of the following is most likely reflected by these examples?
A) Violence against women is a global problem.
B) They are relatively isolated incidents in women's treatment by men.
C) They reflect a kind of semiofficial or unofficial terrorism.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q2) What is stalking? Discuss the features of cyberstalking.
Q3) Which of the following is a factor contributing to the trafficking of children?
A) extreme poverty
B) gender inequality
C) limited choices
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Children, especially girls, are most often sexually abused by
A) someone they know and trust.
B) babysitters.
C) strangers.
D) other children.
Q5) Differentiate between common couples violence and patriarchal terrorism.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of eating disorders, identify a true statement about people suffering from bulimia.
A) They exert rigorous control over their food intake and physical activity.
B) They refrain from engaging in food binges.
C) They are of lower-than-normal body weight.
D) They purge through vomiting after consuming large amounts of food.
Q2) Which of the following is a symptom of depression?
A) appetite changes
B) sleep disruption
C) fatigue
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) In what ways can men benefit from feminist therapy?
Q4) The "rest cure," developed by Silas Weir Mitchell, was at one time a standard psychological treatment for A) women.
B) men and women.
C) the elderly.
D) children.
Q5) Discuss the feminist therapy perspective.
Q6) How have tranquilizers and sedatives been targeted at women? Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The second wave of feminists most likely worked on issues such as A) LGBTQ rights.
B) global trafficking in girls and women.
C) sexism in the media.
D) reproductive rights in a high-tech era.
Q2) How is feminism made into a "women's problem"? What problems are likely to arise because of this attitude?
Q3) Describe the backlash against feminism over the last century. How is that backlash alive today?
Q4) Surveys of college women indicated that
A) usually, they were willing to label themselves as feminists.
B) most of them endorsed the goals of feminism but did not label themselves as feminists.
C) most of them endorsed the goals of feminism and also labeled themselves as feminists.
D) major goals of feminism were not endorsed by most of them.
Q5) What can you do to help others understand that feminists are more than the negative stereotypes?
Q6) What issues are faced by contemporary feminists?
Q7) How will you deal with the backlash and stereotypes that are faced by feminists? Page 17
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Page 18