Course Introduction
Cultural Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Cultural Psychology explores how cultural contexts shape human behavior, cognition, and emotion. The course examines the interplay between cultural traditions, socialization processes, and psychological functioning across different societies. Students will investigate topics such as self-concept, motivation, perception, emotion, and mental health through a cross-cultural lens, learning how cultural differences influence individual and group experiences. Emphasis is placed on comparative analysis, research methodologies in cultural psychology, and the implications of cultural diversity for global interactions and multicultural settings.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 11th Edition by David Myers
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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Q1) Time-lagged correlations,according to the text,are an advanced correlational technique that can reveal the _______ variables or events,such as achievement and self-esteem.
A)relationship between B)differences between C)sequence of D)confounding
Answer: C
Q2) A major requirement of the ethical principles of social-psychological research is that the researcher
A)use random sampling and assignment.
B)protect participants from harm and significant discomfort.
C)refrain from using any deception in the research design.
D)ensure that all participants know what is expected of them.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Self in a Social World
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Q1) People who successfully stop smoking and do well in school tend to have a(n)_______ locus of control.
A)internal
B)external
C)high
D)low
Answer: A
Q2) Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam,and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam.She therefore has a(n)_______ locus of control.
A)internal
B)external
C)high
D)low
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments
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Q1) In _______ cultures,people are less likely to perceive others in terms of personal dispositions.
A)individualistic
B)collectivistic
C)religious
D)secular
Answer: B
Q2) The more we think on our theories and elaborate on how they might be true,the less open we are to outside information that challenges our beliefs.This statement is best explained by
A)belief perseverance.
B)the misinformation effect.
C)priming.
D)the overconfidence phenomenon.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Behavior and Attitudes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah has always strongly believed that it is wrong to steal,but after she steals a bottle of nail polish from the drug store,her attitude toward stealing becomes significantly less harsh.Which theory best accounts for her shift in attitude?
A)cognitive dissonance theory
B)self-perception theory
C)reinforcement theory
D)role-playing theory
Q2) Choose an attitude of your own that has changed.Analyze the reasons for that change using the theories from this chapter.
Q3) A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone is called a(n)
A)affect.
B)attitude.
C)cognition.
D)prejudice.
Q4) What is the "principle of aggregation"? How can it help us understand moral hypocrisy?
Q5) Describe one of your attitudes.Include cognitive,affective,and behavioral components.
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Chapter 5: Genes,culture,and Gender
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Q1) Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Gender roles are the sole result of genetics.
B)Gender roles are the sole result of learning.
C)Gender roles vary by climate.
D)Gender roles vary by culture.
Q2) According to research on gender differences,which statement is NOT true?
A)Women are more skilled at expressing emotions nonverbally.
B)Women smile more than men.
C)Women describe themselves as having more empathy than men.
D)Women are more vulnerable to autism.
Q3) Higher than normal levels of testosterone have been found in A)violent male criminals.
B)male lawyers.
C)gay men.
D)married men.
Q4) A set of behavior expectations for males and females is called A)gender schemA.
B)gender role.
C)gender.
D)peer-transmitted culture.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Conformity and Obedience
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Q1) Although Lenny thinks the speed limit of the highway should be 80 instead of 70 miles per hour,when the policeman tells him to slow down to 70 he does.This is an example of A)compliance. B)obedience.
C)acceptance. D)reactance.
Q2) When is personality most likely to predict behavior?
A)in familiar situations
B)when looking at specific instances of behavior
C)when situations are weak
D)in collectivist cultures
Q3) What percentage of Milgram's participants regretted having participated in the study?
A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)20%
Q4) Discuss the ethics of Milgram's study.
Q5) "Conformity is neither all bad nor all good." Do you agree? Why or why not?
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Chapter 7: Persuasion
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Q1) You are more likely to be persuaded when a message is
A)clear and easy to comprehend and the arguments are unconvincing.
B)difficult to comprehend and the arguments are unconvincing.
C)clear and easy to comprehend and the arguments are convincing.
D)difficult to comprehend and the arguments are convincing.
Q2) Since Carmen is not a particularly prestigious or authoritative source on exercise,she should encourage her father to exercise by suggesting he
A)completely overhaul his lifestyle.
B)complete a fitness program.
C)begin doing some limited exercises.
D)consult with a local gym.
Q3) Mere repetition of a message can
A)increase its fluency and make the message more believable.
B)decrease its fluency and believability.
C)decrease its impact but increase its believability.
D)Increase its impact but decrease its fluency.
Q4) Explain the principles and techniques you would use to become a cult leader.
Q5) Explain attitude inoculation and how it affects persuasive appeals.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Group Influence
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Q1) People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if
A)their efforts are not rewarded.
B)rewards are divided according to individual effort.
C)rewards are divided equally regardless of individual effort.
D)they are individually monitoreD.
Q2) Shaw (1981)argued that the one thing that all groups have in common is that the members
A)reside in the same location.
B)agree on most topics.
C)interact.
D)facilitate each other.
Q3) What underlying processes help to explain the occurrence of group polarization?
A)informational influences and normative influences
B)minority influences and social facilitation
C)psychological reactance and deindividuation
D)social comparison and self-censorship
Q4) Describe the ways to prevent groupthink.
Q5) "Self-awareness is the opposite of deindividuation." Explain this statement.
Q6) You are in a group with the task of brainstorming a solution to a problem.How could you enhance your group's task?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Prejudice: Disliking Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attitudes contain all of the following EXCEPT A)affects.
B)behavioral tendencies.
C)cognitions.
D)stereotypes.
Q2) Sack and Elder (2000)found that more than 80 percent of both Whites and Blacks say race relations are generally good in their neighborhoods,but fewer than 60 percent see relations as generally good in the country as a whole.This is referred to as A)ethnocentrism.
B)an ingroup bias.
C)social dominance.
D)an outgroup bias.
Q3) Since the Iraq war,Americans have developed negative views of A)Muslims.
B)Iraqis.
C)Democrats. D)Jews.
Q4) Discuss how the group definition of who you are (i.e. ,your race,religion,gender,academic major,etc. )may promote an ingroup bias.
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Chapter 10: Aggression: Hurting Others
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Q1) "Watching violence on television gives people a harmless opportunity to vent their aggression." This statement is most clearly consistent with the _______ hypothesis.
A)sensitization
B)catharsis
C)frustration-aggression
D)social learning
Q2) Which action represents aggression?
A)a fired employee seething with rage
B)a dentist drilling a tooth
C)a stranger shouting profanities at you
D)a clumsy person bumping into you
Q3) The pain-attack response has been observed in A)rats.
B)monkeys.
C)snakes.
D)many varied species.
Q4) What is aggression? Based on your own experiences,give an example of hostile aggression and an example of instrumental aggression.
Q5) Explain Berkowitz's revised frustration-aggression theory.
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Chapter 11: Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving
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Q1) According to research on the contrast effect,who is most likely to feel less attractive after viewing a dominant and successful person of the same sex?
A)men
B)women
C)racial/ethnic majorities
D)racial/ethnic minorities
Q2) Melanie believes that her boyfriend enjoys far more benefits from their relationship than she does,even though she invests more time,effort,and resources.Clearly,Melanie believes that her relationship with her boyfriend lacks A)equity.
B)attachment.
C)disclosure reciprocity.
D)loyalty.
Q3) In Rubin's research,"strong-love" couples differed from "weak-love" couples in that they
A)talked more to each other.
B)gazed more into each other's eyes.
C)smiled less at each other.
D)displayed more jealousy.
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Chapter 12: Helping
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Q1) Compare and contrast the three theories of helping: social exchange,social norms,and the evolutionary theory.
Q2) People are more likely to help another person if
A)they are anonymous.
B)they don't expect to see them again.
C)they expect to see them again.
D)They like the looks of the other person.
Q3) The network of traits that predisposes a person to be helpful are all of the following EXCEPT
A)high in positive emotionality.
B)high in awareness.
C)high in empathy.
D)high in self-efficacy.
Q4) People are most likely to offer assistance when A)they live in a large city.
B)there are many witnesses to an event.
C)they have just seen another person offering helping someone else.
D)they are running late.
Q5) What are the positive and negative effects of empathy-based altruism?
Q6) Define altruism and provide an example of it.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Conflict and Peacemaking
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Q1) A common excuse for noncooperation is
A)"I couldn't have made a difference anyway."
B)"The devil made me do it."
C)"That's unfair."
D)"Cooperation is for the weak and cowardly."
Q2) Which of the following is cited in the text as an example of changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas?
A)allowing carpoolers to drive in the faster,freeway lane
B)requiring carpool cars and vans to park in special,larger parking lots farther away from the office building
C)lowering the price of gasoline to well below $1 per gallon
D)raising the price of gasoline to well above $5 per gallon
Q3) The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as
A)mirror-image perceptions.
B)stereotypic reciprocation.
C)complementary images.
D)reciprocal illusions.
Q4) Compare and contrast the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Tragedy of the Commons.
Q5) Explain how couples can fight constructively.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic
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Q1) The vicious circle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to
A)self-focused rumination and self-blame.
B)depressed moods.
C)further negative experiences.
D)blaming others for the negative experiences.
Q2) According to research conducted by Cacioppo and Patrick (2008),the relationship between loneliness and health risks is
A)positive.
B)negative.
C)neutral.
D)curvilinear.
Q3) A study by Haemmerlie and Montgomery (1986)enticed shy college men to participate in laboratory exercises that would enhance their social competence.The men
A)were taught specific communication skills.
B)took a short course on positive thinking.
C)delivered self-laudatory speeches to strangers.
D)had several successful conversations with women.
Q4) Define illusory correlation.Provide an example of it from your own life.
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology in Court
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Q1) Which statement is true?
A)States with the death penalty have lower homicide rates.
B)States with the death penalty do not have lower homicide rates.
C)When states abolish the death penalty homicide rates increase.
D)Homicide rates have dropped when states initiate the death penalty.
Q2) How does the physical attractiveness of the defendant play a role in juror judgments?
Q3) To minimize the effects of inadmissible testimony,Myers suggests that judges are best advised to
A)wait until jurors have heard the testimony before ruling it inadmissible,so jurors specifically know what they are to disregard.
B)videotape the testimony and cut out the inadmissible parts.
C)meet with jurors during their deliberations after the trial to insure that inadmissible testimony is not influencing their judgments.
D)immediately follow the trial by seeking a verbal pledge from each juror to ignore inadmissible evidence.
Q4) Explain the misinformation effect and its implications for eyewitness testimony.
Q5) Summarize the evidence regarding the persuasiveness of eyewitness testimony.
Q6) Summarize the research on racial biases in convictions and sentencing.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future
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Q1) Which statement is TRUE?
A)Rich people are happier than poor people are.
B)People who win lotteries experience a permanent increase in overall happiness.
C)As the United States has become more affluent,its citizens have also become happier.
D)Despite the fact that Americans are wealthier now than they were in previous decades,many report feeling less satisfied with their lives.
Q2) The tendency to adapt to a given level of stimulation,and notice and react to changes from that level,defines
A)social comparison.
B)the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C)relative deprivation.
D)Parkinson's second law.
Q3) Relative deprivation is frequently the result of
A)upward social comparison.
B)downward social comparison.
C)Parkinson's second law.
D)the adaptation-level phenomenon.
Q4) What does Myers say about whether or not rich people are happier?
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