Cultural Diversity Exam
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Course Introduction
Cultural Diversity explores the complexities and richness of human societies by examining the variety of cultural expressions, beliefs, and values across the globe. The course provides students with a theoretical foundation for understanding cultural identity, social constructs, and intercultural communication, while addressing the historical, social, and political forces that shape contemporary multicultural environments. Through case studies, interactive discussions, and critical analysis of cultural phenomena, students develop greater cultural awareness, sensitivity, and skills essential for thriving in diverse social and professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective 8th Edition by Raymond Scupin
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18 Chapters
1138 Verified Questions
1138 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The people known as classical archaeologists conduct research on:
A) ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome
B) the evolution of prehistoric stone tools
C) societies of the more recent past
D) ancestors of contemporary Native Americans
Answer: A
Q2) Primatology, the study of non-human primates, is a specialization within physical anthropology that explores human evolution.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A unique research strategy of anthropologists which involves learning the language and culture of a group by participating in the group's daily activities is called:
A) assimilation
B) holistic interaction
C) ethnography
D) participant observation
E) cultural probing
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Human Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most cultures have developed sophisticated ideas and myths to provide answers to fundamental questions such as: "Who are we?", "Where did we come from?", and "Why are we here?" These conceptual frameworks that present the universe as an orderly system and answer these basic questions are called __________.
A) analogs
B) cosmologies
C) paradigms
D) apologies
Answer: B
Q2) At the 15,000-year-old site at Mezirich in the Ukraine, archaeologists have exca?vated the remains of five shelters made from:
A) rough stone slabs
B) blocks of marble
C) tree trunks
D) mammoth bones
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Culture
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69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of a "more" would be:
A) eating with a knife, fork, and spoon
B) not appearing nude in public
C) inviting the neighbors over for a barbecue
D) forgetting to thank the hostess for inviting you
Answer: B
Q2) Symbols are different from signs, in that symbols __________.
A) are directly associated with concrete physical items
B) always have an obvious meaning
C) are not associated with any direct concrete item
D) can usually be interpreted by non-humans
Answer: C
Q3) Culture consists of the shared practices and understandings within a society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Ideal culture consists of what people say they do or should do.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Process of Enculturation: Psychological and Cognitive Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most anthropologists agree that humans do not have closed instincts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Psychological anthropologists take it for granted that:
A) all humans think alike and share the same emotions
B) no two cultures are similar in the way they perceive the world
C) emotional functioning can vary widely in different cultures
D) psychological conditions are primarily organic in nature .
Q3) An example of one way in which humans can make decisions to ignore or override basic needs would be:
A) telling a lie
B) abstaining from sex
C) running a marathon
D) sleeping late
Q4) Studies have shown that Japanese children are encouraged during childhood to lose their sense of individuality in favor of group identity.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phonology is the study of morphemes, the smallest units of a language that convey meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The concept of arbitrariness is in reference to how abstract words are as symbols.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Often the exchange of greetings between two individuals in the United States appears to be routine and not filled with emotion, deep thought, or real consideration for the feelings of the other individual. Is this perception correct? Observe the greeting behavior between a number of individuals who differ in social position, occupation, age, sex, or other dichotomies. Did you notice any differences? What were those differences? Now, try an experiment: When someone says, "Hi, how are you?" or "How's it going?" stop them and give a detailed account of how you are feeling and how the day is going for you. Note their reaction. How did they respond to your answer to their "routine" greeting?
Q4) Could Neandertals speak in the same way as anatomically modern human beings?
Q5) Would it be possible to have a culture without a language?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Anthropological Explanations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of maintains that societal change occurs when societies borrow cultural traits from one another.
A) functionalism
B) structuralism
C) evolutionary dispersal
D) cultural scatter
E) diffusionism
Q2) Define historical particularism. Do you think that this approach can be compatible with investigations of cultural evolution? Why or why not?
Q3) As anthropology emerged from the intellectual atmosphere of the Enlightenment, early anthropologists were interested in explaining the similarities and differences among the diverse cultures of the world. E. B. Tylor attempted to answer the question of why societies were at different or similar levels of evolution and development by the explanation of:
A) spontaneous generation
B) unilineal evolution
C) diffusionism
D) historical particularism
E) functionalism
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Analyzing Sociocultural Systems
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Q1) Formalists maintain that the best method for studying any economy is to view it as being embedded in the sociocultural system, including the values, beliefs, and norms of the society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The substantivist approach in economics differs from the formalist view by:
A) suggesting that money is the prime mover in all economic systems
B) focusing on supply and demand economics as opposed to price fixing
C) maintaining that the ways of allocating goods and services in small-scale societies differ fundamentally from those of large-scale Western eco?nomic systems
D) assuming that all peoples act to maximize their individual gains
E) maintaining that formal mathematical theories and models of economics can be applied to every economy in the world
Q3) Let us assume that the United States has just invaded Haiti and installed a new government on the island. Will everyone in Haiti consider the new government to be a legitimate one or an illegitimate one? Why or why not?
Q4) What is the difference between legitimate and illegitimate political power? Give an example of each.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Band Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) A typical form of post-marital residence found in forager groups, in which the newly married couple resides with the husband's father, is known as:
A) "build your own house" residence
B) patrilocal residence
C) matrilocal residence
D) husbilocal residence
E) father-in-law residence
Q2) !Kung San women were often able to gather enough food from wild sources in one or two days to feed their children for an entire week.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A foraging society depends on for food.
A) the cultivation of plants
B) the herding of animals
C) primitive agriculture
D) wild resources
Q4) What do you perceive as some of the basic differences between your religious beliefs and those of foragers outlined in the text? Are there any similarities, or are the beliefs too disparate?
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Chapter 9: Tribes
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most significant causes of warfare among tribal horticulturalist societies is:
A) revenge for homicides and other crimes
B) competition for potential wives
C) conflicts over ideological differences
D) acquisition of land
Q2) The most important belief underlying the practice of having a widow marry one of her brothers-in-law is that:
A) Her family should not have to return the bride price.
B) The rights of the deceased husband must be preserved.
C) All men should have more than one wife.
D) Widows should never have to live alone.
Q3) When two or more clans recognize that they share a common genealogical relationship, the more general grouping of these clans is known as a:
A) patrilineage
B) moiety
C) phratry
D) descent group
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11
Chapter 10: Chiefdoms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regional symbiosis:
A) occurs when the Kula Ring joins the Potlatch in Tahiti
B) is a term that refers to the type of language that was developed so people from different chiefdoms could understand each other when they traded goods
C) occurs when groups of people who live in different ecological habitats establish mutual dependency by exchanging their locally obtained products
D) refers to the different levels of legal structure (police, judges, juries) that exist in any chiefdom society
E) is the "symbol" of a chiefdom similar to a flag representing a modern nation
Q2) The potlatch feasts of the Northwest Coast societies are usually interpreted as a form of:
A) long-distance barter
B) resource conservation
C) ritualized warfare
D) redistributional exchange
Q3) All individuals in chiefdom societies have equal rank and status.
A)True
B)False
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12
Chapter 11: Agricultural States
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Sample Questions
Q1) The construction of monumental architecture such as the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan required a form of organization that persuaded the population to provide labor for the benefit of the state.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Slavery took on different forms depending upon the political economies and demographic features of the agricultural state society. For example, in some African societies, slavery corresponded to an "open system" in which slaves could be incorporated into domestic kin groups and even become upwardly mobile. In contrast, "closed systems" of slavery provided no opportunities for upward mobility or incorporation into kin groups. The open system of slavery occurred:
A) where land was scarce and population density high
B) where land was relatively abundant and less populated
C) in areas that had rigid caste systems such as Greece, Rome, and China
D) when there was a lot of surplus generated from agriculture, and new markets needed to be opened to accommodate the distribution of this excess wealth
Q3) Review at least four reasons for state-level society collapse. Which do you think is the most rational? Explain why.
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Chapter 12: Industrial States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Japan is the least homogeneous society in the world, with at least 50 distinct social classes and even more ethnic stratification than exists in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The change from high fertility rates and high mortality rates to low fertility rates and low mortality rates is called the:
A) Flip-Flop Theory of Population
B) urbanization trend
C) demographic transition
D) socialization of vital rates
E) Population Stagnation Hypothesis
Q3) The former Soviet Union was a classless society because ownership of the means of production was in the hands of the Communist government.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How does industrialization affect the family, kinship, marriage, and divorce?
Q5) What are some of the unique characteristics of Japanese industrial corporations?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dependency theory was influenced by Marxism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Approximately one third of Native Americans in the U.S. live in urban areas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Immanuel Wallerstein, the chief proponent of world systems theory, agrees with dependency theorists that industrial nations prosper through the economic domination and exploitation of non-industrial peoples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In one of the rituals of the Native American Church, participants use as a form of communal sacrament to partake of the Holy Spirit.
A) specially prepared maize bread
B) modern fast-food items from McDonald's
C) the bones of their ancestors
D) hallucinogenic cactus buds
Q5) Discuss the principal factors that result in deculturation. What are some of the risks of deculturation for a traditional society?
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Chapter 14: Globalization in Latin America, africa, and the Caribbean
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Sample Questions
Q1) What were the effects of colonialism on the politics of African nations? What are some of the characteristics of African nations today that can be traced directly to the colonial experience?
Q2) An example of religious syncretism would be the:
A) Indian worship of the Virgin Mary at a former shrine to an Aztec goddess
B) spread of Catholicism throughout Latin American countries
C) success of Protestant sects at gaining converts from Catholicism
D) revival of ancient Maya religion by Indians of highland Guatemala
Q3) The compadrazgo system in Latin America is based on the establishment of kinship ties by becoming someone's:
A) in-law
B) spouse
C) godparent
D) fictive sibling
Q4) The term encomienda referred to the practice of:
A) granting a conquistador the right to Indian land, tribute, and labor
B) presenting Spanish nobility with native crafts and products
C) marrying into the upper classes of Aztec and Inca society
D) awarding 20 percent of all booty to the Spanish Crown
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Chapter 15: Globalization in the Middle East and Asia
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is meant by jatis and the jajmani system in India? How does a jajmani economy work? Describe two of the anthropological explanations for the origin and maintenance of jajmani?
Q2) In spite of industrialization, farming communities in Egypt like Kafr el-Elow have rejected Western clothing, housing styles, and manufactured goods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In India, upper-caste families do not bother to raise a large dowry payment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Philippines were colonized by both Spain and the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q5) One of Gandhi's greatest achievements was:
A) orchestrating effective campaigns of armed resistance
B) convincing the rural peasant class to participate in nationalistic movements
C) persuading the British to strengthen colonial rule
D) increasing Indian consumption of Western consumer goods
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Chapter 16: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the experiences of the German and Irish immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century with immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe in the early twentieth century.
Q2) "Nuyoricans" are Cuban immigrants who fled the Castro regime and settled in Florida.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Racist views during World War II were responsible for:
A) arrest of Communist Party members
B) renaming of towns with German names
C) deportation of Italian Americans
D) internment of Japanese Americans
Q4) Anthropologist Franz Boas discovered a link between physical characteristics and culture.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why do many Asian Americans resent being labeled the "model minority"? Do you think this stereotype is unfair? Why or why not?
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Chapter 17: Contemporary Global Trends
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following countries is likely to have the lowest per capita energy consumption?
A) Sudan
B) Japan
C) Mexico
D) Canada
Q2) Julian Simon has challenged the Doomsday Model since he believes the problems of pollution and environmental stress will ultimately be solved because:
A) Space aliens will not allow the human race to become extinct.
B) World population will decrease due to epidemic diseases like AIDS.
C) Human creativity and science will provide the key to solving all problems.
D) Human populations cannot exceed the Earth's carrying capacity.
Q3) Give an example from the text of how multinational corporations that exploit the natural resources of a developing society have maximized their profits but not enhanced the local economy in the long term.
Q4) What are perestroika and glasnost?
Q5) What types of contributions can anthropologists make by studying ethnic conflict and separatism? What perspective can anthropologists take in this endeavor?
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Chapter 18: Applied Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whereas most archaeologists have traditionally found employment in universities or museums, many are now working as applied archaeologists specializing in what is known as:
A) application archaeology
B) cultural resource management
C) excavation archaeology
D) exhumation regulation
Q2) What is applied anthropology? Erve Chambers suggests that there are five roles that applied anthropologists play. Discuss each of these roles as they apply to present-day applied anthropological studies.
Q3) Anthropologist Robert Redfield has suggested that there are general standards of judgment that can be applied to most societies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One can understand the values and worldviews of another people and not accept all of their practices or standards.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is cultural resource management?
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