Cultural Diversity and Society
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cultural Diversity and Society explores the complexities of culture within contemporary societies, examining the ways in which factors such as ethnicity, race, gender, religion, class, and language shape social identities and interactions. The course investigates how cultural diversity influences communication, social norms, institutions, and power dynamics, while fostering appreciation for the contributions of various groups. Students will analyze case studies, engage with current debates on multiculturalism and inclusion, and develop an understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by an increasingly diverse world. The course encourages critical reflection on personal perspectives and promotes skills for effective, respectful engagement in multicultural settings.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology in Our Times 9th Edition by Diana Kendall
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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Q1) _________ is demonstrated by scorecards that allow lenders to score potential borrowers based on prior statistics of other people's performance in paying their bills.
A) Efficiency
B) Technical alienation
C) Calculability
D) Predictability
Answer: C
Q2) According to the text,one reason why more people are not actively protesting our current economic plight may be their feeling of ____________-an individual's feeling of powerlessness and estrangement.
A) class conflict
B) alienation
C) future shock
D) the bourgeoisie syndrome
Answer: B
Q3) Contrast Karl Marx's perspective on social change with that of Max Weber's.
Answer: Not Answer
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Chapter 2: Sociological Research Methods
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Q1) Conventional experiments require that subjects be divided into two groups: the control group contains the subjects who are exposed to the independent variable and the experimental group who are not exposed to the independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A researcher is interested in gathering in depth data on the victims of crime.Which type of survey would be most appropriate?
A) computer assisted telephone survey
B) mail survey
C) online survey
D) face-to-face interview
Answer: D
Q3) Survey data may be collected by interviews.One strength of interviews is that people may be influenced by the interviewer's race,age,sex,size,or other attributes in responding to the questions asked.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) As illustrated in the opening story of Chapter 3,it is possible for food to serve as a symbolic representation of culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Cultural imperialism is the extensive infusion of one nation's culture into other nations.For example,some view the widespread infusion of the English language into countries that speak other languages as a form of cultural imperialism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to sociologist Ann Swidler,__________ is/are a "tool kit of symbols,stories,rituals,and world views that people may use in varying configurations to solve different kinds of problems."
A) instincts
B) society
C) reflexes
D) culture
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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Q1) According to George Herbert Mead,in the __________ stage of self-development (up to age three),interactions lack meaning and children largely imitate the people around them.
A) play
B) preparatory
C) game
D) generalized
Q2) Sociologists Charles Horton Cooley and George H.Mead can best be classified as:
A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) postmodernists
Q3) Corsaro states that ___________ is a stable set of activities or routines,artifacts,values,and concerns that children produce and share.
A) social group
B) peer culture
C) gang
D) juvenile group
Q4) Outline the stages of cognitive development as set forth by Jean Piaget.
Q5) Discuss problems associated with social isolation and maltreatment.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction
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Q1) The methods and tools that are available for acquiring the basic needs of daily life are referred to as:
A) political institutions
B) subsistence technology
C) degree of military developments
D) family structures
Q2) A convicted criminal,wearing a prison uniform,is an example of a person who has been __________; the uniform says that the person has done something wrong and should not be allowed unsupervised outside the prison walls.
A) alienated
B) marginalized
C) dislabeled
D) stigmatized
Q3) A college professor engages in preparatory work in her office alone.This illustrates what sociologist Erving Goffman called __________ behavior.
A) back stage
B) interior stage
C) front stage
D) exterior stage
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations
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Q1) Define networks and describe how they have changed over time.
Q2) __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group's purpose is to reach a particular goal.
A) Expressive
B) Functional
C) Relational
D) Instrumental
Q3) According to the text,Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrated that:
A) group pressure encourages independent decision?making by participants
B) studies of male college students can be generalized to other populations
C) people will bow to social pressure in small?group settings
D) people will not say (or do) things simply to gain the approval of other people
Q4) Class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education,occupation,and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in mainstream __________ organizations.
A) totalitarian
B) coercive
C) normative
D) utilitarian
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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Q1) Several stages may occur in the labeling process.__________ deviance refers to the initial act of rule-breaking.
A) Career
B) Secondary
C) Primary
D) Tertiary
Q2) From the __________,lower-income and minority women typically have fewer opportunities not only for education and good jobs,but also for "high end" criminal endeavors.
A) conservative feminist approach
B) Marxist (socialist) feminist approach
C) radical feminist approach
D) liberal feminist approach
Q3) Based on their research,sociologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin identified three basic gang types.The __________ is devoted to theft,extortion,and other illegal means of securing an income.
A) retreatist gang
B) criminal gang
C) conflict gang
D) rebellist gang
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Chapter 8: Class and Stratification in the United States
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Q1) Sociologist Max Weber placed categories of people who have a similar level of wealth and income in the same class.He identified a privileged commercial class of __________-wealthy bankers,ship owners,professionals,and merchants who possess similar financial resources.
A) entrepreneurs
B) rentiers
C) independents
D) consumers
Q2) Utilizing sociologists Dennis Gilbert's model of the United States class system,locate where your parents are on the ladder and discuss.
Q3) The __________ system is a type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do.
A) caste
B) slavery
C) profile
D) class
Q4) Distinguish between functionalist perspectives and conflict perspectives in regards to explaining social inequality in the U.S.
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Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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Q1) The decrease in life expectancy in the former Soviet Union is concentrated among men,perhaps linked to excessive alcohol consumption and stress brought about by:
A) high rates of unemployment, inflation, and financial insecurity
B) HIV epidemic
C) hunger
D) subjective poverty
Q2) Although some gains have been made in reducing the rate of malnourishment in some lower-income nations,about one billion people around the world are malnourished,and __________ percent of these are in Asia and the Pacific.
A) 53
B) 95
C) 75
D) 63
Q3) After __________,the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" were introduced by social scientists.
A) the Civil War
B) the Korean War
C) World War II
D) the Vietnam War
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant suggest that the U.S.government has shaped the politics of race through:
A) affirmative action programs
B) actions and policies that cause people to be treated differently because of their race, such as immigration legislation
C) intervention in the internal political affairs of the nations of South Africa
D) encouraging the release of political prisoners who have been detained primarily due to their ethnic background
Q2) __________ are the only group of the Hispanic population that,as new arrivals,have U.S.citizenship and the right to move freely to and from the mainland.
A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Rican Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Brazilian Americans
Q3) Explain Joe Feagin's theory of discrimination.
Q4) Define the following terms: prejudice,stereotypes,and racism.
Q5) Describe the critical race theory as an alternative perspective on racial and ethnic relations.
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Chapter 11: Sex and Gender
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Q1) At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived.The mother contributes an X chromosome and if the father contributes a Y chromosome,a __________ would be produced.
A) male embryo
B) heterosexual embryo
C) female embryo
D) hermaphrodite embryo
Q2) All of the following statements regarding gender socialization by parents are true EXCEPT that:
A) children's toys reflect their parent's gender expectation
B) when girl babies cry, parents respond to them more quickly
C) parents are more prone to talk and sing to male infants
D) girl babies receive more gentle treatment
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be an example of a secondary sex characteristic in men?
A) a penis
B) more muscular build
C) deeper voice
D) more body and facial hair
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Chapter 12: Aging and Inequality Based on Age
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Q1) Analysts examining the relationship between race/ethnicity and aging
Have found that many older persons are able to find active roles:
A) within their own ethnic group
B) with volunteer groups
C) with peer group associations
D) serving as youth counselors
Q2) According to __________ theory,older persons make a normal and healthy adjustment to aging when they detach themselves from their social roles and prepare for their eventual death.
A) activity
B) disengagement
C) conflict
D) disorganization
Q3) The age at which one-half the people in a population are younger and the other half are older is referred to as the __________ age of that population.
A) mean
B) modal
C) median
D) standard
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Economy and Work in Global Perspective
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Q1) __________ is the wealth (money or property) that is owned or used in business by a person or corporation.
A) Money
B) Property
C) Collateral
D) Capital
Q2) The flamboyant display of symbols of wealth,such as owning numerous mansions and expensive works of art and wearing extravagant jewelry and clothing,are examples of:
A) conspicuous expenditure
B) conspicuous consumption
C) conspicuous waste
D) conspicuous absorption
Q3) Define contingent work and identify the role subcontracting often plays in contingent work.Also describe the three major types of unemployment.
Q4) Outline tertiary sector production and the major characteristics of postindustrial economies.
Q5) Define capitalism and describe the four distinct features of "ideal" capitalism.
Q6) Discuss the five major characteristics of professionals.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Politics and Government in Global Perspective
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Q1) Broad categories of __________ include banking,business,education, Energy,the environment,health,labor,persons with a disability,religious Groups,retired persons,women,and those espousing a specific Ideological viewpoint.
A) political action committees
B) power elites
C) ruling class
D) special interest groups
Q2) Provide a personal perspective on terrorism.
Q3) The United States is an example of a pure democracy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements regarding power is FALSE?
A) Power is a social relationship that involves both leaders and followers.
B) Power is a dimension in the structure of social stratification.
C) Persons in positions of power control valuable resources of society.
D) The most basic form of power is political influence.
Q5) Apply the conflict perspective on power and political systems.
Q6) Compare and contrast governments characterized by monarchy,authoritarianism,totalitarianism,and democracy.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) Distinguish between patriarchal,matriarchal,and egalitarian families.
Q2) In nations such as India,where boys are seen as permanent _________ family members,girls tend to be seen as more expendable than boys.
A) matrilineal
B) patrilocal
C) patrilineal
D) patriarchal
Q3) Women on average are now having _________ children each.
A) 1.9
B) 2.1
C) 3.0
D) 2.5
Q4) The __________ is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.
A) family of orientation
B) nuclear family
C) family of procreation
D) extended family
Q5) Apply conflict and feminist perspectives on families.
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Chapter 16: Education
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Q1) All of the following are manifest functions of education EXCEPT:
A) socialization
B) transmission of culture
C) restriction of some activities
D) social control
Q2) ___________ allows children with disabilities to work with a wide variety of people,including a regular education teacher,a special education teacher,a speech therapist,an occupational therapist,a physical therapist,and a resource therapist.
A) Disabilities segregation
B) Inclusion
C) Individualization
D) Exclusion
Q3) Postmodern views of higher education might incorporate the ideas of sociologist George Ritzer,who believes that "McUniversity" can be thought of as a means of educational consumption that allows students to consume educational services and eventually obtain "goods" such as degrees and credentials.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the postmodern perspective on education.
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Chapter 17: Religion
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Q1) The Islamic notion of jihad,meaning "struggle," is a core belief.The __________ is the external struggle that takes place in the world,including violence and war.
A) Tertiary Jihad
B) Greater Jihad
C) Lesser Jihad
D) Latent Jihad
Q2) Horticultural societies were among the first to practice __________,which is a belief in a single,supreme being or god who is responsible for significant events such as the creation of the world.
A) nontheism
B) monotheism
C) polytheism
D) unitheism
Q3) Hindu beliefs and practice have been preserved through an oral tradition and expressed in texts and hymns known as the:
A) Jivas
B) Nirvana
C) Vedas
D) Samsara
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Health, Health Care, and Disability
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Q1) __________ refers to a reduced ability to perform tasks one would normally do at a given stage of life and that may result in stigmatization or discrimination against the person.
A) Disability
B) Physical deficiency
C) Dysfunctional
D) Physical abnormality
Q2) Compare health (between high-income and low-income nations) from a global perspective.
Q3) According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the "sick role" has four primary characteristics.Which of the following is NOT one of these characteristics?
A) People who get sick are responsible for their condition.
B) People who assume the sick role are temporarily exempt from their normal roles and obligations.
C) People who are sick must want to get well.
D) People who are sick must seek competent help from a medical professional to hasten their recovery.
Q4) Discuss how lifestyle factors related to sexually transmitted diseases affect health.
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Chapter 19: Population and Urbanization
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Q1) Although population growth has slowed in the United States,the world's population of 6.9 billion in 2011 is increasing by __________people each day as a result of the larger number of births than deaths worldwide.
A) 22
B) 460
C) 52,495
D) 209,416
Q2) By the year 2025,__________ percent of the world's population will live in Africa,Asia,and Latin America.
A) 67
B) 75
C) 83
D) 92
Q3) __________ refers to the tendency of some neighborhoods,cities,or regions to grow and prosper while others stagnate and decline.
A) Structure
B) Agency
C) Uneven development
D) Use value
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Collective Behavior,Social Movements,and Social Change
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Q1) Examples of __________ movements are groups organized since the 1950s to oppose school integration,civil rights and affirmative action legislation,and domestic partnership initiatives.
A) alternative
B) reform
C) resistance (regressive)
D) revolutionary
Q2) People contribute to changes in the Earth's physical condition.Through Soil erosion and other degradation of grazing land,often at the hands of People,an estimated __________ tons of topsoil is lost annually.
A) 15 million
B) 25 million
C) 15 billion
D) 25 billion
Q3) Explain the political opportunity theory.
Q4) Define mass behavior and outline the most frequent types of this behavior.
Q5) Describe the conditions for collective behavior,the dynamics of collective behavior,and the distinctions regarding collective behavior.
Q7) Define and describe collective behavior and institutional behavior. Page 22
Q6) State the key assumptions of the social construction theory: frame analysis.
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Page 23