Cross-Cultural Studies
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Course Introduction
Cross-Cultural Studies explores the ways in which culture shapes human experience, behavior, and interaction across different societies. Through comparative analysis, students examine cultural norms, values, communication styles, belief systems, and social practices around the world. The course highlights challenges and opportunities in multicultural environments and addresses issues such as cultural identity, adaptation, globalization, and intercultural competence. By engaging with a range of case studies and theoretical perspectives, students gain a deeper understanding of diversity and are equipped with practical skills for effective cross-cultural communication and collaboration in academic, professional, and social contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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14 Chapters
900 Verified Questions
900 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnographic fieldwork is the primary research strategy of which field?
A) archaeology
B) biological anthropology
C) historic ethnology
D) cultural anthropology
Answer: D
Q2) Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings,and this is accomplished through
A) exploring the past.
B) the four-field approach.
C) looking at biology.
D) participant observation.
Answer: B
Q3) The study of fossils and ancient DNA to trace changes in human ancestors over time involves which specialization of anthropology?
A) prehistoric archaeology
B) forensic anthropology
C) paleoanthropology
D) historic archaeology
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humans learn culture from people and cultural institutions that surround them,but this occurs
A) predominantly in early childhood.
B) over their entire lives.
C) primarily in specialized institutions such as schools and churches.
D) generally from late childhood to early adolescence.
Answer: B
Q2) Anthropologists have been successful in uncovering evidence of vast trade networks,done entirely on foot,throughout the continent of North America that long preceded the arrival of Europeans.This movement and exchange of material goods and the ideas behind them-how they are made and what they are used for-supports the concept of
A) stratification.
B) diffusion.
C) evolution.
D) innovation.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluate the El Dorado controversy around anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon.You must demonstrate that you know when and where the contested activities occurred and how the population was allegedly affected.Conclude by stating why this might have been seen to violate ethical standards and what the American Anthropological Association ultimately found upon review of the evidence presented.
Answer: Students should discuss that Patrick Tierney's book Darkness in El Dorado accused Chagnon and Neel of compromising their subjects' health.Students should know that this violates the ethical principle to do no harm;they should conclude by stating that the AAA ultimately dropped sanctions against Chagnon (and Neel).
Q2) It is essential that ethnographers map communities because this
A) facilitates learning the local language.
B) documents the randomness of the built environment.
C) provides a deep immersion in the rhythms of daily life.
D) illuminates how use of space influences social interactions.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Language
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63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "Standard English," there is often an implicit association with
A) educational attainment.
B) status and prestige.
C) country of origin.
D) race or class.
Q2) The efforts to preserve the Native American Lakota language,spoken by about fifty thousand people in the United States,has led to
A) a well-updated language and cultural knowledge base.
B) the widespread adoption of Lakota terms in many parts of the country.
C) the integration of social media into the preservation effort.
D) the loss of Lakota cultural capital due to online piracy.
Q3) Dialect is defined as a nonstandard variation of a language that
A) is particular to a specific region.
B) varies over time.
C) depends on context.
D) depends on the distance between places.
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6
Chapter 5: Race and Racism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The attempt to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population's genetic composition by favoring some races over others is known as A) racialization.
B) nativism.
C) institutional racism.
D) eugenics.
Q2) In order to make discriminatory ideas and behavior seem reasonable and normal,a few societies invoked popular ideas about racial differences known as A) racial ideology.
B) racialization.
C) nativism.
D) colonialism.
Q3) Explain how race is constructed in Brazil.
Q4) Explain what is meant by the concept of "white privilege."
Q5) Identify three reasons why anthropologists feel that the concept of "race" is a flawed system of classification,and give an example to support each reason.
Q6) Explain how and why Jim Crow laws came to the American South.
Q7) Explain how the race system in Brazil is considered a racial democracy.
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Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was formerly a way to identify people with a shared geographical place of origin is now used synonymously with the term A) state.
B) society.
C) nation-state.
D) nation.
Q2) In New York,the annual India Day Parade excludes the South Asian Lesbian and Gay Alliance (SALGA).This happens despite the existence of the hijra in India,an alternative sex and gender that has been legally recognized.In considering the process of assimilation,this exclusion might be understood as A) segregation.
B) nationalism.
C) prejudice.
D) ethnic boundary markers.
Q3) The concepts of "ethnicity," "nation-state," "nationality," and "nationalism" are closely related and have serious impacts on countries in the world today.In a brief essay,discuss the situation in Iraq with regard to nation,nation-state,ethnicity,and nationality,and provide examples to support your points.
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Chapter 7: Gender
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63 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Home is often considered the domain of women,while men go to work.Although this idea has changed dramatically in many places in the past several decades,it remains a common theme.This reflects the ideas supported in the work of Michele Rosaldo that sees male and female gender roles as
A) rigid in all countries regardless of changes.
B) split between private and public spheres.
C) unified across both private and public spheres.
D) defined by gender performance.
Q2) Carla Freeman's research on women's participation in the industrialized labor force in Barbados indicates that
A) women are victims of an exploitative work environment.
B) women were powerless to resist male dominance once engaged in the global economy.
C) asserting desires and goals means they are not simply victims in the practices of flexible accumulation.
D) exploitation of women increased as women asserted a different status.
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Chapter 8: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gloria Wekker's work in Surinam has led her to suggest that the imposition of our "Western folk knowledge" places limits on how we understand sexuality.Instead,she urges students of sexuality to
A) focus attention on different ways that others define their sexuality.
B) notice that identical sexual acts have identical social meanings.
C) regard sexuality as a manifestation of a fixed identity.
D) focus attention on behavioral variation.
Q2) Discuss the influence of international campaigns for gay and lesbian rights on local practices using the case study of Nigeria as an example.Compare and contrast the masu harka and 'yan daudu sexual beliefs and practices with ideas about Western homosexuality.How does globalization affect ideas about sexual norms?
Q3) Geneticists have been able to successfully identify
A) clusters of "gay" and "straight" genes that determine sexual orientation.
B) the "gay" gene but not the "straight" gene.
C) the "straight" gene but not the "gay" gene.
D) no gene or cluster of genes that determines sexuality.
Q4) Define sexuality and,using a minimum of three examples from the text,describe the ways in which culture influences sexual beliefs and behaviors.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Defense of Marriage Act passed by the U.S.Congress in 2004 forbids the federal government from recognizing which of the following?
A) marriages between immigrants and natural citizens
B) marriages of divorced adults
C) same-sex marriages
D) marriages of persons under age twenty-one
Q2) Which of the following types of marriage specifically involves the marital union of one man to two or more women?
A) polyandry
B) monogamy
C) polyamory
D) polygyny
Q3) In some parts of the world,one individual marries a single other individual and upon dissolution of the marriage is free to remarry.This is considered a form of A) polyandry.
B) monogamy.
C) arranged marriage.
D) polygyny.
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Chapter 10: Class and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Economists clearly reveal that both the income and wealth gaps in the United States are widening substantially.What is the difference between income and wealth? Can an individual have high income but little wealth? Which households tend to be at the bottom of the income and wealth gaps,and which households are at the top? What are some of the reasons for the income and wealth disparities that exist in the United States today? Why are the U.S.income and wealth gaps widening despite increased globalization and access to educational opportunities? How do one's income and wealth affect his or her social mobility? What other systems of social stratification affect an individual's income and wealth and in what ways? How does Pem Davidson Buck's work with poor white people in rural Kentucky reflect how income and wealth are affected by other forms of social stratification?
Q2) When the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest perform a potlatch,there may be times when the excess of gifts are actually destroyed rather than given away.This is done in order to
A) avoid giving excess resources to those who do not need them.
B) avoid giving excess resources to others who may be future enemies.
C) reinforce the wealth of the chief by demonstrating his willingness to waste resources.
D) reinforce the prestige of the chief by demonstrating his capacity.
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Chapter 11: The Global Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the controversies associated with neoliberal policies.Identify two positives and two negatives of neoliberalism discussed in the text.What is the reasoning behind structural adjustment policies? Use two examples from Jamaica to discuss problems associated with structural adjustment.
Q2) The European drive to enter the world economy of the 1500s led to a frenzied effort to procure
A) silk.
B) spices.
C) gold.
D) slaves.
Q3) Some estimates suggest that a Chinese immigrant trying to enter the United States illegally may pay upwards of $75,000 to do so.This is an example of A) pushes and pulls.
B) bridges and barriers.
C) chain migration.
D) hometown associations.
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Chapter 12: Politics and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force is referred to as A) agency.
B) coercion.
C) domination.
D) hegemony.
Q2) In the United States,we often celebrate the Fourth of July with colorful fireworks,parades,and various festivities.As much fun as this can be,it also acts to reinforce feelings of A) animosity.
B) nationalism.
C) patriotism.
D) military fervor.
Q3) The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence is referred to as power,something that is A) found in some human relationships.
B) exercised by the state alone.
C) studied by anthropologists when it is public,dramatic,and violent.
D) embedded in all human relationships.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to examine the role of religion in community life in Niger,West Africa,anthropologist Paul Stoller apprenticed with which of the following religious specialists?
A) women
B) a witch doctor
C) a sorcerer
D) a witch
Q2) Your college experience leads eventually to your graduation,a ritual process that ushers you into the "real world" where you are expected to find a job and be a productive member of the larger society.In the model of ritual that Victor Turner describes,this entirety of your experience,including the graduation ceremony itself,helps to promote
A) individuation.
B) liminality.
C) separation.
D) communitas.
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Chapter 14: Health and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the perspective of a medical anthropologist,all medical systems constitute a form of ________ because they are based in a particular local cultural reality.
A) ethnomedicine
B) ethnopharamacology
C) biomedicine
D) medical pluralism
Q2) The first step healers might use when collecting illness narratives would be to
A) request that the patient document all steps taken in the current treatment plan in use.
B) form a careful assessment of the illness and develop a treatment plan.
C) ask the patient to describe his or her perspective of the health problem.
D) attempt to contact a healer from the patient's home culture for advice.
Q3) The individual patient's experience of sickness is
A) universally defined.
B) defined by a doctor.
C) a matter of personal interpretation.
D) culturally defined.
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