Cross-Cultural Psychology Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cross-Cultural Psychology explores the ways in which cultural factors influence human behavior, thought processes, and emotions. This course examines the similarities and differences in psychological functioning across diverse cultural groups, emphasizing the impact of culture on development, cognition, personality, communication, and social relationships. Students will engage with theories and research methods relevant to cross-cultural comparisons, analyze case studies from around the world, and reflect on their own cultural biases. The course aims to foster an appreciation of cultural diversity and prepare students to apply psychological principles in multicultural contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Cultural Approach 2nd Edition by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
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13 Chapters
3873 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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318 Verified Questions
318 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infant mortality in the United States is higher among ____ families than in ____ families,in part because ____.
A)middle-SES; low-SES; middle-SES mothers are more likely to live in rural parts of the country
B)middle-SES; high-SES; middle-SES fathers are more likely to be absent from the family
C)high-SES; low-SES; high-SES mothers are not likely to consume fluoride in their drinking water
D)low-SES; high-SES; low-SES mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care
Answer: D
Q2) The textbook that you are using,A Cultural Approach to Human Development,divides development into ____.
A)major theories
B)major life stages
C)psychological paradigms
D)psychoanalytic phases
Answer: B
Q3) What are the components of SES?
Answer: education level,income and occupational status
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3
Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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301 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a global perspective,which of the following is the most common teratogen to affect pregnancies?
A)lead
B)malnutrition
C)alcohol
D)rubella
Answer: B
Q2) The embryonic period lasts from the ____ to the ____.
A)1st week; 4th week
B)3rd week; 8th week
C)6th week; 16th week
D)12th week; 32nd week
Answer: B
Q3) What type of gene,if it is present,will be expressed in the phenotype?
A)recessive gene
B)dominant gene
C)expressed gene
D)controller gene
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your good friend tells you that she is going to breast-feed for as long as she can,no matter how hard it is when she returns to work because "she knows that breast-fed babies are smarter." She says that she would feel guilty if she stopped before her baby turned one because she would be "disadvantaging her child." How could you explain the research in such a way that she would feel better about her decision if she chose to stop breast-feeding after a couple of months?
Answer: Research has shown that breast-feeding is correlated with a number of positive outcomes,such as higher intelligence in offspring.However,correlation does not imply causation.It could be that differences in outcomes could be due to differences in the mothers' education and the quality of the environment that comes along with a higher SES.Studies have tried to take these differences into account statistically,but they are still confounded.Furthermore,even if some studies have found the IQ to be even a few points higher among those children who were breast-fed,IQ is not the only determinant of success.
Q2) What are two variables that correlate with breast-feeding in developed countries?
Answer: More highly educated mothers are more likely to breast-feed.Older mothers are more likely to breast-feed.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget's stages view cognitive growth as ____,whereas the information-processing approach views cognitive changes as ____.
A)external; internal
B)internal; external
C)discontinuous; continuous
D)continuous; discontinuous
Q2) What disease occurs in malnourished infants in which their bodies stop growing,muscles atrophy,and they become lethargic?
A)failure to thrive
B)human growth hormone deficiency
C)marasmus
D)progeria
Q3) ____ is the number one source of infant mortality beyond the first month but within the first year.
A)Diarrhea
B)Dysentery
C)Cholera
D)Iron deficiency
Q4) Give an example of how social referencing is adaptive for babies.
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Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) You and your roommate are watching a documentary on developing countries and your roommate notices that children in developing countries seem to be small for their ages.What would you tell him about this situation?
A)The differences are just in his imagination.
B)Most children in developing countries eat a diet that is deficient in protein.
C)Most children in developing countries work so hard that they do not grow as fast as children from developed countries.
D)Being on television makes everyone look thinner; the children's weights are actually fine
Q2) Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979)put a red spot on the noses of children who were 9,12,and 18 months old.The children then viewed themselves in mirrors.At what age did the children rub their noses,recognizing the image was their own?
A)9 months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)none of them did
Q3) Define and give an example of scaffolding.
Q4) Explain how sleeping patterns differ between infancy and toddlerhood.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) When do children learn when it is culturally appropriate to speak and when it is best to keep their thoughts to themselves?
A)toddlerhood
B)early childhood
C)middle childhood
D)children never learn this in Western cultures
Q2) A drill sergeant who expects his or her subordinates to follow commands without questioning their authority is more similar to which of the following parenting styles?
A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)permissive
D)disengaged
Q3) Are there sex differences in height and weight between the ages of 3 and 6 years? Explain.
Q4) The typical 6-year-old weighs about ____.
A)25 pounds
B)35 pounds
C)45 pounds
D)55 pounds
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Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to read,you have to recognize that letters are ____,and match a ____ to each letter or letter combination.
A)preoperational; schema
B)concrete; symbol
C)endless; perception
D)symbols of sounds; speech sound
Q2) The Experience Sampling Method (ESM)involves having people carry wristwatch beepers and then beeping them randomly during the day so that they can record their ____.
A)thoughts,feelings,and behaviors
B)heart rate,pressure,and respirations
C)emotional stability and behavioral rating scale
D)social readjustment rating scale and behavioral activity
Q3) ____ is the simultaneous use of more than one media form,such as playing an electronic game while watching TV.
A)Media multitasking
B)Unconscious attention by multimedia
C)Multimedia applications
D)Cognitive overload by multimedia
Q4) Why does self-esteem decrease from early childhood to middle childhood?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the primary symptoms for anorexia nervosa?
A)excessive worry and anxiety,significant difficulty controlling one's worry,and the feeling of being wound up
B)inability to maintain body weight at least 85% of normal for height,fear of gaining weight,lack of menstruation,and distorted body image
C)episodes of binge eating,a sense of lack of control over eating during the episodes,and inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain
D)depressed mood most of the day nearly every day,and feeling sad or empty
Q2) The two most common eating disorders are <KT>anorexia nervosa< / KT> and <KT>bulimia< / KT>; however,____.
A)bulimia nervosa is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa
B)anorexia nervosa is slightly more common than bulimia nervosa
C)anorexia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females
D)bulimia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females
Q3) What are two causes of the secular trend?
Q4) Describe two ways that adolescents' cognitive development is more advanced than school-age children.Use specific examples to illustrate your response.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson used the term identity crisis to describe the process through which young people construct their identity,but Marcia and other current scholars prefer what term?
A)confusion
B)exploration
C)emergency
D)development
Q2) Which of the following best describes dualistic thinking?
A)often seeing situations and issues in polarized terms-an act is either right or wrong,with no in-between
B)an awareness that that are two or more sides to every story and that it can be difficult to justify one position as the only true or accurate one
C)the ability to see an issue from one's own perspective and the perspectives of others around them
D)an awareness of one's own thought patterns and the thought patterns of others
Q3) Discuss one factor that is associated with gains in reflective judgment during emerging adulthood.
Q4) Are people who cohabit before marriage more or less likely to get divorced? Explain.
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11
Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among Chinese adults,one is considered highly intelligent if he or she possesses
A)high levels of humility,self-knowledge,and freedom from conventional standards of judgment
B)high school and college degrees,and a high-paying corporate job
C)high analytical intelligence,low practical intelligence,and a moderate level of creative intelligence
D)low analytical intelligence,but measures high on interpersonal and body-kinesthetic intelligences
Q2) For most individuals,signs of aging,such as having gray hair,appear in their ____.
A)20s
B)30s
C)40s
D)50s
Q3) In the United States,what is the rate of single motherhood in African Americans?
A)70%
B)50%
C)30%
D)10%
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a Canadian who has just graduated from secondary school and will be starting college next year.You live with your parents,with whom you have a generally positive relationship.Based on your country's cultural norms,when are you expected to leave home?
A)at the end of adolescence
B)at the beginning of emerging adulthood
C)at the end of emerging adulthood
D)at the beginning of young adulthood
Q2) As discussed in the text,which of the following is strongly related to the probability of experiencing a midlife crisis in middle adulthood?
A)maintaining a low false-self
B)maintaining a high self-concept
C)experiencing positive life events
D)experiencing negative life events
Q3) Describe the cultural beliefs regarding sexuality for Indians during mid-life.
Q4) What is the term used to indicate the end of monthly ovulation and menstruation?
A)menstruation
B)menstrual cycle
C)menopause
D)menarche
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In men,testosterone levels decrease by what percent between the ages of 40 and 70 years?
A)22%
B)33%
C)44%
D)55%
Q2) What are the best ways to maintain good health in late adulthood? Eat a healthy diet,exercise regularly,and avoid ____.
A)accidents
B)smoking
C)divorce
D)high-blood pressure
Q3) The risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in adults who are _____.
A)widows / widowers
B)sedentary
C)alcoholics
D)obese
Q4) What is one variable that has been found to predict wisdom?
Q5) Describe two eye problems that are more likely to develop as people age.
Q6) In which country is there a "New Old People's movement?" Explain the benefits.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your 32-year-old cousin is dying of terminal cancer.Although his hospital care has been extraordinarily good,his doctors have estimated that he only has two months of life left.All of the medical approaches have been exhausted and your family has decided to pursue what approach in an effort to make sure his emotional and spiritual needs are met,as well as to receive support themselves?
A)home nursing care
B)hospital care
C)hospice
D)hospital cancer centers
Q2) Which of the following are known side effects of the prolonged use of growth hormones?
A)thinning of hair,hearing impairment,and loss of visual acuity
B)growth of excess hair,liver damage,and abnormal growth of hands
C)thinning of hair,scoliosis,and jaundice
D)growth of sores on the skin,nearsightedness,and eczema
Q3) Anxiety about death is lowest among those who ____.
A)maintain strong religious faith
B)are atheist or agnostic
C)are unsure or inconsistent about religion
D)believe that they are sinners
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