Cross-Cultural Marketing Final Exam
Course Introduction
Cross-Cultural Marketing explores the ways in which cultural differences influence consumer behavior, marketing strategies, and business operations in a global context. The course examines topics such as cultural frameworks, communication styles, product adaptation, branding, advertising, and ethical considerations across diverse markets. Students learn to develop culturally sensitive marketing campaigns, analyze global market trends, and address challenges that arise when marketing to international audiences. By integrating theory with real-world case studies, the course prepares students to effectively navigate and strategize within the complex landscape of global marketing.
Recommended Textbook
International Marketing 10th Edition by
Michael R. Czinkota
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18 Chapters
1027 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Global Environmental Drivers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following new technologies has allowed consumers to supply and receive products from across the world for personal use?
A) Travelogues on cable television
B) The Internet
C) Automated pensions and individual retirement accounts
D) Newly created niche markets
Answer: B
Q2) The level of global investment has resulted in a decrease in international debt by governments.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Currency flows and exchange rates have a greater effect on trade than government monetary policies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: International Trade Frameworks and Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The competitive pressures exerted by imports work to keep quality high and prices low.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The MFN is the equal opportunity clause of international trade.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The evolution of European feudalism was due to a function of _____.
A) finance and banking
B) trade and marketing
C) environmental and cultural differences
D) public administration and governance
Answer: B
Q4) In order to be successful in international trade,policymakers must be willing to trade off long-term goals to achieve short-term objectives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: The Role of Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following refers to a training program that exposes a manager to a different cultural environment for a limited amount of time?
A) Case studies
B) Lectures
C) Role play
D) Field experience
Answer: D
Q2) Individualism has a negative relationship with acceptance of new products.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Understanding manners and customs is completely irrelevant in negotiations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Cultural universals are manifestations of the total way of life of any group of people.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Economic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following currencies was introduced by the European Union?
A) Deutsche Mark
B) Euro
C) Franc
D) Pound
Q2) As the life expectancy in a market extends and new target markets become available,international marketers may be able to extend product life cycles by marketing them abroad.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Per capita GDP is often used as a primary indicator for evaluating purchasing power.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The assessment of a foreign market environment should start with:
A) a monetary analysis of the host country's currency volatility.
B) the evaluation of economic variables relating to the size and nature of the market.
C) a focus on providing local solutions.
D) an expert analysis of the physical resources available.
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Chapter 5: The Political and Legal Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Voluntary restraint agreements are self-imposed restrictions aimed at avoiding punitive trade actions from the host.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Lobbyists are well-connected individuals and firms that can provide access to policymakers and legislators.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Corporate governance frameworks ensure the board of directors' accountability to the company and its shareholders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ refer to governmental actions that distort the free flow of trade in goods,services,or ideas for decidedly adversarial and political,rather than strictly economic,purposes.
A) Gray market activities
B) Tariffs and barriers
C) Trade sanctions and embargoes
D) Expropriation and confiscation
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Chapter 6: Consumer,Industrial,and Government Markets
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Q1) The GPA's main goal is to open government procurement to international competition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following strongly influences a consumer's ability to purchase goods and services?
A) Legal factors
B) Political environment
C) Income level
D) Sociocultural factors
Q3) _____ are accepted behaviors within a society or group.
A) Norms
B) Virtues
C) Anomies
D) Motives
Q4) People all over the world consistently follow Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the various factors that influence buyer reactions to country-of-origin (COO)?
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Chapter 7: Strategic Planning
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Q1) One of the goals of globalization is to reduce costs by _____.
A) charging a lot more for product sold
B) using price skimming techniques of increasing prices for brand name merchandise
C) dumping surplus in receptive markets
D) pooling production or exploiting factor costs or capabilities within a system
Q2) _____ refers to balancing global,regional,and local interests.
A) Global leverage
B) Global account management
C) Concentration
D) Cross-subsidization
Q3) The recognition that groups within markets differ sufficiently enough to warrant individual marketing mixes is known as _____.
A) targeting
B) positioning
C) diversification
D) segmentation
Q4) A dodger upgrades capabilities to match globals in niches.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Analyzing People and Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the _____ approach,the headquarters establishes the broad thrust of research activities and delegates further design and implementation to the specific countries.The research is then carried out locally,and only a final report is provided to headquarters.
A) top-down
B) decentralized
C) coordinated
D) centralized
Q2) Which of the following questions will require the use of primary research?
A) What are the latest accords and negotiations in the WTO?
B) What is the ratio of Columbia's debt to gross domestic product?
C) What is the market potential for furniture in Indonesia?
D) What percentage of global steel production is accounted by the Chinese steel industry?
Q3) The less the corporation's research needs overlap with an agency's past research accomplishment,the more likely it is that the research task will be carried out satisfactorily.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why are firms reluctant to engage in international marketing activities?
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Chapter 9: Market Entry and Expansion
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Sample Questions
Q1) During downturns in the domestic business cycle,markets abroad provided an ideal outlet
For high inventories.This kind of market expansion represents _____.
A) guerilla marketing
B) innate exporting
C) portfolio investment
D) safety-valve activity
Q2) Which of the following is an internal change agent associated with the internationalization process?
A) Demand
B) Competition
C) Governmental activities
D) New management
Q3) _____ demand is said to occur when large multinational firms who would like to maintain their established business relationships,encourage their suppliers to follow them abroad.
A) Derived
B) Overfull
C) Latent
D) Irregular
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Chapter 10: Marketing Organization,Implementation,and
Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the three organizational designs that make up international organizational structures?
Q2) CruzAuto Inc.,a leading American automobile manufacturer,has a joint venture with an Italian automobile firm to manufacture automobiles which are designed specifically for the Italian market.The Italian management team therefore plays the role of a(n)_____ in CruzAuto's global planning.
A) implementer
B) strategic leader
C) contributor
D) dodger
Q3) An approach to organizational structure that gives worldwide responsibility to strategic business units for the marketing of their product lines is known as product differentiation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The content of budgets are more qualitative and judgmental in nature than that of long-range plans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Product Management and Global Brands
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Sample Questions
Q1) The practice of product counterfeiting has spread to high-technology products and services from the traditionally counterfeited products: high-visibility,strong-brand-name consumer goods.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a question regarding psychosocial characteristics that affects products adaptation?
A) Does society restrict the purchase or use of the product or service to a particular group?
B) Does the symbolic content of the product or service differ from one country to another?
C) Is there a stigma attached to the product or service?
D) Do most consumers expect a product to have the same appearance?
Q3) Differentiation is a marketing method to:
A) get different customers to try the product.
B) create an image or a perception in the minds of competitors.
C) dilate the market forces with excessive distribution.
D) help consumers distinguish between competing brands.
Q4) Explain how counterfeiting has become a problem in foreign markets.
Q5) What are the reasons for making investment on R&D abroad?
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Chapter 12: Global Marketing of Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) Services are often custom made because of _____.
A) market transparency
B) close interaction with customers
C) tangibility
D) high imperishability
Q2) The time of production of a service is very close to the time of consumption.This requires _____.
A) tangibility
B) constant maintenance of service capacity
C) close customer involvement
D) more market transparency
Q3) Services cannot be stored because of their _____.
A) tangibility
B) perishability
C) consistency
D) market transparency
Q4) English is the most common website language.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Write a brief note on deregulation.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Advertising,Promotion,and Sales
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Q1) Advertising budgets should be set on a market-by-market basis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain crisis management.
Q3) _____ involves direct relations between the seller and the prospective buyer or customer.
A) Advertising
B) Personal selling
C) Sales promotion
D) Publicity
Q4) Explain the significance of local campaign objectives.
Q5) For sales promotion to be effective,the campaign planned by manufacturers must gain the support of the local retailer population.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The reason behind using global advertising for global marketing is that significant cost savings can be realized through a single worldwide ad campaign.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Pricing Strategies and Tactics
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Q1) _____ is a compensation arrangement where one party agrees to supply technology or equipment that enables the other party to produce goods with which the price of the supplied products or technology is repaid.
A) Clearing arrangements
B) Buyback
C) Switch trading
D) Offset
Q2) For an exporter to use the _____ approach,the product has to be unique,and some segments of the market must be willing to pay the high price.
A) extinction pricing
B) skimming
C) penetration pricing
D) market pricing
Q3) Which of the following is a drawback of the cost-plus method?
A) The final price may be so high that the firm's competitiveness is compromised.
B) It is so variable that the actual price cannot be substantiated.
C) There is a high turnover of product resulting in cost fluctuations.
D) It is a time-consuming method.
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16
Chapter 15: Global Distribution and Logistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marketers attend trade fairs to get data on intermediaries in the industry.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The expense of maintaining inventories is called _____.
A) inventory sunk costs
B) inventory marginal costs
C) inventory carrying costs
D) inventory opportunity costs
Q3) Tramp service is available for regular routes and is at service at all times.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The term "_____" refers to the length and width of the channel employed.
A) channel bandwidth
B) channel capacity
C) channel freight
D) channel design
Q5) Reverse distribution systems ensure that the firm not only delivers the product to the market but can also retrieve it for subsequent use.
A)True
B)False
17
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Chapter 16: Social Networks and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following gives the appearance of a grassroots movement that is actually produced behind the scenes by a firm promoting itself or its products?
A) Crowdsourcing
B) Insourcing
C) Cannibalization
D) Astroturfing
Q2) Offering coupons online increases the costs of development,distribution,and database creation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Social _____ refers to the use of communications technology by firms to promote their brands and connect with customers by creating Web pages,profiles,and advertising.
A) facilitation
B) contagion
C) conceptualization
D) media
Q4) Explain how social media benefits promotional activities.
Q5) What are blogs,wikis,forums,and podcast?
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Chapter 17: Leadership,Corporate Social Responsibility,and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) For consumers in the United States,corporate social responsibility refers:
A) to not just charitable and philanthropic giving, but also treating and paying the employees well.
B) only to supporting local and national communities through volunteer programs.
C) to taking measures exclusively to reduce the environmental impact of the firm's operations and products.
D) only to donating funds toward the social development of the society.
Q2) In periods of good economic conditions,consumers do not have limits to the price premiums they will pay for secondary benefits.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Government intervention in international marketing activities has increased after the economic crisis in 2008.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A company can obtain greater public trust by ensuring that it brings good benefits to societies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: New Directions and Challenges
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Q1) Application innovation takes existing technologies into new markets to serve new purposes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sustaining growth is an example of innovation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ innovation capitalizes on disruption to modify industry relationships.
A) Experiential
B) Process
C) Business model
D) Structural
Q4) Which of the following tools/techniques helps in finding out what was noticed or not noticed and what seemed to pique interest on a website?
A) Digital video recorders
B) Virtual worlds
C) Eye-tracking technology
D) Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Q5) How does eye-tracking technology aid marketing research?
Q6) What are the different types of innovations?
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