Cross-Cultural Management Review Questions
Course Introduction
Cross-Cultural Management explores the complexities and challenges of managing individuals, teams, and organizations in a globalized business environment. The course examines how cultural differences influence management practices, communication, negotiation, leadership, decision-making, and team dynamics. Through theoretical frameworks, case studies, and practical exercises, students will develop the skills necessary to analyze cultural dimensions, adapt management strategies, and navigate cross-cultural interactions effectively. Emphasis is placed on fostering cultural intelligence, ethical sensitivity, and the ability to lead diverse teams in multinational contexts.
Recommended Textbook
International Marketing An Asia Pacific Perspective 7th Edition by Richard Fletcher
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17 Chapters
1024 Verified Questions
1024 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Rationale for International Marketing
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a driving force in international marketing?
A) Cross-cultural differences
B) Ethnocentric attitudes
C) Commercial risks
D) Cost
E) All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) A restraining force on international marketing is that of real or perceived risk. Cavusgil categorises these as:
A) commercial risks.
B) financial risks.
C) cross-cultural risks.
D) country risks.
E) all of the above.
Answer: E
Q3) Exporting a product to an overseas market cannot extend the life of a product in the decline stage of the product life cycle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Avoiding the Pitfalls of the International Political and Legal Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patents protect intellectual property and provide the holder with the following protection(s):
A) copyright protection.
B) trademark protection.
C) prevention of imitation in music.
D) options B and C.
E) none of the above.
Answer: E
Q2) Companies use the Delphi technique to determine political risk. The company brings a group of experts together in its offices and asks for their opinions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Companies entering foreign markets do not need to worry about intellectual property as long as they have registered their intellectual property in their home country.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Catering for the Social and Cultural Environment of
International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interpretative knowledge of a nation's culture is based on feelings and intuition and is often influenced by past events.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The concept of adaptation in international marketing refers to:
A) the willingness of organisations to change their business practices to fit in with the legal requirements of the host country.
B) the degree to which organisations must change business practice to fit in with the cultural expectations of the host country.
C) the degree to which the organisation is prepared to adapt its marketing mix to suit the needs of the local market.
D) affirmative acceptance rather than just tolerance of another culture.
E) none of the above.
Q3) Culture is the glue that binds groups together. Name four common characteristics of its many definitions. Which of these might give international marketers the most trouble?
Q4) Explain psychic distance. What role does it play in international marketing?
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Chapter 5: Technology Change and International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how the price element in the international marketing mix has been affected by the introduction of the internet.
Q2) Discuss the advantages for international marketers in focusing on lead users in the diffusion of a new technology?
Q3) Currently, the most significant force transforming the international environment is:
A) tariff increases.
B) technology.
C) advertising.
D) product marketing.
E) none of the above.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an e-commerce business model?
A) Pure play model
B) Bricks and mortar-only model
C) Business process-level model
D) Enterprise-level model
E) Activity-level model
Q5) Explain the external and internal factors that influence how consumers behave online.
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Chapter 6: Contemporary Environmental Variables in International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A universalist perspective of ethics in international marketing takes the view that what is ethical is determined by the host culture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Terrorism has a negative impact on the economic outlook and social attitudes of people globally. The impact of terrorism according to Enderwick (2001) can be categorised as:
A) primary impacts.
B) response-generated impacts.
C) uncertainty rating impacts.
D) options A, B and C.
E) options A and B only.
Q3) Discuss, with examples, how infrastructure endowment and population trends impact on international marketing activities.
Q4) A high level of government control leads to higher ethical behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What threats and opportunities does terrorism pose to the development of the global economy?
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Chapter 7: Research in International Markets
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a firm hires an independent agency to collect research to address a specific problem rather than using its own resources, it is said to be undertaking secondary research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Test markets are commonly used in domestic markets but tend to be used less in the international sphere. The reasons for this include:
A) there is not a enough time for the research.
B) their product stands on its reputation.
C) the government is assisting in exports.
D) with the test in the home market, there is no need to expand this.
E) test markets are costly.
Q3) Information for how to approach the market includes:
A) monitoring the success of competitors.
B) collating information on the business environment.
C) determining sales potential.
D) measuring market growth.
E) testing all elements of the marketing mix.
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8
Chapter 8: International Market Selection and Entry
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Sample Questions
Q1) With indirect exporting, the firm itself contacts the potential consumers overseas and either sells direct to the end user in the target market, or appoints an overseas agent to act as a distributor for their products in that market.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Collaborative arrangements between firms that are aimed at exchanging or sharing some value-creating business activities are generally referred to as:
A) strategic alliances.
B) countertrade.
C) operational networks.
D) mergers or acquisitions.
E) franchising arrangements.
Q3) Grouping countries on the basis of macroeconomic potential will ensure market potential.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Firms form strategic alliances to defray cost and minimise risk.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: International Competitive Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clusters are critical to international competitive advantage because they result in:
A) constant comparisons with competitors, suppliers and peers.
B) access to specialised information.
C) better access to suppliers.
D) lower transaction costs.
E) all of the above.
Q2) A blue ocean strategy refers to one which focuses on creating and capturing new market opportunities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In order to defend itself against attacks from challenger firms, a follower firm must:
A) keep its manufacturing costs low and its product and services quality high.
B) closely watch its weaker flanks.
C) attack other firms its own size or smaller local firms.
D) be bold in everything it does.
E) undertake a strategic withdrawal.
Q4) Explain the STP approach and list its six steps.
Q5) What is the purpose of value chain analysis? List its components.
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Chapter 10: Internationalization, Relationships and Networks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internationalisation can be classified into the following approaches:
A)Stages, commitment, experience, network
B)Stages, commitment, eclectic, network
C)Stages, contingency, network, financial
D)Stages, experience, contingency, global
E)Stages, learning, contingency, network, holistic
Q2) 'Actors' is NOT one of the components of the network model.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Fletcher's model of international behaviour consists of which three modes of entry into international markets?
A)Outward forms, combined forms, inward forms
B)Outward forms, relationship forms, inward forms
C)Outward forms, linked forms, inward forms
D)Outward forms, central forms, inward forms
E)Outward forms, consolidated forms, inward forms
Q4) Discuss how the growth in networks in B2C contexts impacts a firm's approach to international customer relationship management?
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Chapter 11: Globalization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outline the key trends in globalisation and give examples of companies that have taken advantage of these trends to expand their business.
Q2) Sport is now the most globalised legal business in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The AAA framework consists of which three elements:
A)Alliances; allocation; aggregation
B)Adaptation; alliances; arbitrage
C)Adaptation; aggregation; alliances
D)Alliances; arbitrage; allocation
E)Adaptation; aggregation; arbitrage
Q4) Countervailing forces for market responsiveness fall into three areas (Hollensen 2007) which are:
A)Trade agreements, regionalisation/protectionism, deglobalisation trends
B)Cultural differences, government alternatives, deglobalisation trends
C)Cultural differences, regionalisation/protectionism, deglobalisation trends
D)Currency differences, regionalisation/protectionism, deglobalisation trends
E)Cultural differences, trade agreements, globalisation trends
Q5) Discuss the drivers and consequences of market globalisation.
Q6) Discuss the relationship between globalism and glocalisation.
Page 12
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Chapter 12: Planning for Effective International Marketing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the organisational challenges a firm may face when undergoing international marketing planning. How can these challenges be effectively managed?
Q2) The essential steps in scenario planning for international marketing strategy are familiarization, discovery, scenario building and:
A) operation.
B) implementation.
C) action and integration.
D) differentiation.
Q3) Outline the reasons internal to the firm suggested by Hooley et al. (2008) that can result in failure of marketing plans.
Q4) Price, needs and potential usage are important aspects to consider when designing a positioning strategy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss why international marketers make use of scenario planning and discuss the essential steps involved.
Q6) Discuss the difference between market-based and product-based approaches to marketing planning.
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Chapter 13: Modifying Products for International Markets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gatekeepers are the individuals within a buying group that negotiate the terms of the sales.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The five stages of the international product life cycle are:
A) local innovation, international innovation, maturity, worldwide imitation and reversal.
B) local innovation, early adoption, early majority, late majority and laggards.
C) early market, chasm, bowling alley, tornado, main street and decline.
D) early starter, late starter, maturity, lonely international and reversal.
E) early innovation, maturity, imitation, decline and reversal.
Q3) Discuss the unique differences a firm may face when marketing industrial products internationally.
Q4) Bicycles are an example of a product that is in different stages of the life cycle in different countries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify the key elements of a firm's value chain, and explain why a strong value chain might be important to an international trading firm.
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Chapter 14: International Pricing for Profit
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements related to the role of pricing and distribution in an overseas country is NOT true?
A) The selected channels of distribution often dictate export pricing.
B) Reducing the number of intermediaries reduces the international escalation of price.
C) The length of the distribution channel varies from country to country, which can add to the cost of the price charged for a product.
D) The costs and margins of a given channel vary from country to country.
E) When a firm has a subsidiary in an overseas market it is able to exert less control on the price charged for the product in that market.
Q2) Global pricing strategies are most suited to products targeted at affluent consumers and those with a technical edge.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Transfer pricing occurs only when a firm is able to take advantage of financial incentives offered by a host government.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 15: Promotion in International Marketing
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61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of different media varies from country to country due environmental factors such as cultural preference, media availability and stage of economic development.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In cultures where the language is ________ messages need to be more ________ than in cultures where language is precise:
A)Imprecise; extended
B)Indirect; extended
C)Imprecise; symbolic
D)Indirect; symbolic
E)Symbolic; extended
Q3) Humour in international advertising is a useful way of creating a global approach which helps overcome language and cultural barriers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a large country such as India, which strategies would you use if you were developing a promotional campaign for a generic product to gain the strongest reach?
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Page 16
Chapter 16: Effective International Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whilst using intermediaries in foreign markets for distribution it is often easier for organisations to remain independent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most promising products for trading internationally via the internet are those:
A)Where existing intermediaries do not perform the traditional wholesaler functions due to the high cost of servicing small, diverse and geographically dispersed players
B)That have many buyers and sellers operating internationally
C)That can be placed on auction sites to attract the highest bidder
D)Where existing retailers are not taking advantage of the opportunities that the internet provides
E)All of the above
Q3) _______ strategy will be affected by the ________ health of the country.
A)Economic, physical
B)Distribution, physical
C)Economic, international
D)International, domestic
E)Distribution, economic
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17
Chapter 17: Marketing Services and Projects Overseas
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64 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are three major forms that projects can take in the international domain which are:
A)Partial, Turn-key, Turn-key plus
B)Commission-based, Up-front payment, Deferred payment
C)Advisory, Implementation, Strategic
D)Full, Partial, Service only
E)Joint, Stand-alone, Consortium
Q2) According to Lovelock et al (2004) services can be classified as:
A)People-processing services
B)Information-processing services
C)Possession-processing services
D)All of the above
E)Options A and C only
Q3) Executive recruitment and market research companies are typical examples of location-bound customised projects.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How does the marketing of business services overseas differ from that of consumer goods services? Use examples to explain your answer.
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Chapter 18: International Marketing in the Decade Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key economic variables that define the MOP and have an impact on MOP consumers' lives are:
A)Debt levels, inflation, interest rates
B)Interest rates, inflation, asset ownership
C)Source of income, inflation, asset ownership
D)Currency exchange rates, national debt levels, balance of payments
E)Source of income, asset ownership, house ownership
Q2) What are the key product decisions a firm needs to make when entering a BOP market?
Q3) Consumer behaviour in BOP markets differs greatly to developed markets. Discuss these differences and explain how a firm that distributes clothing may need to adjust their marketing mix.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of BOP markets?
A)The informal economy employs more people than the formal economy
B)Women have the strongest direct influence on household purchasing decisions
C)Infrastructure tends to be unreliable
D)Urban consumers differ in the needs from rural consumers
E)Demographics are skewed towards a younger age profile
Q5) Outline the promotional approach a FMCG firm could take in Zimbabwe. Explain why this approach would be appropriate.
Page 19
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