Critical Appraisal of Nursing Research
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Course Introduction
Critical Appraisal of Nursing Research equips students with the skills necessary to systematically evaluate and interpret research studies relevant to nursing practice.
Emphasizing the principles of evidence-based practice, this course covers methodologies for assessing the validity, reliability, and applicability of quantitative and qualitative research. Students learn to identify potential sources of bias, analyze data presentation, and appraise research outcomes to inform clinical decision-making. Through critical review and discussion of current literature, students develop the competence to apply research findings effectively and ethically within diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 5th Edition by Nancy Burns
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14 Chapters
518 Verified Questions
518 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and
Evidence-Based Practice
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hospital wishes to develop a new protocol for immediate postoperative recovery of trauma patients in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). A team of nurses must be selected to comprise the group to develop the new protocol. Ideally the minimum educational preparation of the leader of their group should have earned a/an:
A) Associate of Science in Nursing.
B) Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
C) Master of Science in Nursing.
D) Doctorate in Nursing.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following studies would not be considered nursing research?
A) Assessing the knowledge base of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients
B) Developing innovative pin insertion techniques for fracture treatment
C) Evaluating the effectiveness of wound care in diabetic patients
D) Reviewing staff nurse retention policies in rural hospital settings
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Experimental
Answer: A
Q2) Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting?
A) Controlled
B) Laboratory
C) Natural
D) Simulated
Answer: C
Q3) In selecting a research design, what would indicate that the researcher's choice was not the correct one? The
A) methods of measurement do not match the research purpose.
B) plans for data analysis are reasonable and match the study questions.
C) researcher is capable of conducting the study.
D) research question can be addressed with the design chosen.
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main reason for not including qualitative studies in reviews for evidence-based practice is:
A) that it is difficult to evaluate qualitative studies.
B) that many topics do not have qualitative studies available.
C) the lack of rigor in qualitative research.
D) that there are not enough qualitative researchers.
Answer: A
Q2) A key factor in qualitative research is:
A) confidentiality.
B) internal validity.
C) random sampling.
D) researcher-participant relationship.
Answer: D
Q3) The purpose of grounded theory research is to:
A) describe experiences as they are lived.
B) examine events of the past.
C) observe and document interactions within a culture.
D) study phenomena that contribute to theory development.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher who does not disclose that a portion of the data from the original study sample was not used in the final data analysis could be accused of:
A) infidelity.
B) lack of scientific objectivity.
C) plagiarism.
D) scientific misconduct.
Q2) The safeguard mechanism by which even the researcher cannot link the participant with the information provided is called:
A) anonymity.
B) confidentiality.
C) informed consent.
D) right to privacy.
Q3) Informed consent requires that a study subject has free power of choice regarding participation and:
A) general knowledge and comprehension of the study.
B) information on the study design.
C) psychological support from the researcher and staff.
D) the right to direct his or her role in the study.
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6
Chapter 5: Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of hypothesis is the following? "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy."
A) Complex, directional
B) Complex, null
C) Simple, associative
D) Simple, nondirectional
Q2) Which of the following would be considered a demographic variable?
A) Heart rate
B) Oral temperature
C) Pain intensity
D) Socioeconomic status
Q3) The purpose of a research hypothesis is to:
A) clarify the concepts used in the study.
B) define the theoretical framework for the study.
C) identify the source of the problem under study.
D) predict the expected results or outcomes of the study.
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Chapter 6: Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complex searches are useful in conducting a review of literature because:
A) combining keywords can limit the findings to more useful sources.
B) hundreds of sources can be located at one time.
C) the same search rules can be used each time.
D) they eliminate irrelevant sources.
Q2) Which of the following would help you clearly determine whether a source is primary or secondary?
A) Abstract of the article
B) Author's name and affiliation
C) List of references
D) Title of the article
Q3) Which of the following qualitative researchers would conduct their literature reviews in a way most consistent with that of a quantitative researcher?
A) Ethnographic researcher
B) Grounded theorist
C) Nurse historian
D) Phenomenological researcher
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which relationship diagram below best represents the following hypothesis? "Conventional gauze dressings cause fewer skin changes in wound sites than do Hydrocolloid or hydroactive dressings."
A) Gauze dressing skin changes
B) Gauze dressing wound site
C) Type of dressing skin changes
D) Type of dressing wound site
Q2) Critiquing a framework that includes both a conceptual model and a theory is:
A) complex because definitions are required for both constructs and concepts.
B) made easier because both are interwoven within the study.
C) not likely to happen because the situation never occurs in nursing research.
D) something only an advanced researcher should attempt.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a theory from a physiological background that is used by nurses as a framework for nursing studies?
A) Gate control theory of pain
B) Health promotion model
C) Social cognitive theory
D) Theory of coping
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) When critiquing a descriptive study, which of the following is important to find in the study report?
A) A discussion of the variables of interest and how they were defined
B) A well-written directional hypothesis that describes the proposed relationship between the variables under study
C) Evidence of a random probability sample
D) The use of constant comparative analysis for data interpretation
Q2) A well documented case study detailed the experience of caring for an autistic child and suggested some very credible ways to intervene into the child's world. A nurse reading the report thinks this intervention will work with other children. Which of the following would be the best way to make the intervention evidence-based practice?
A) Copy the article and distribute it to co-workers.
B) Develop a research project using the intervention.
C) Replicate the study in another facility.
D) Write a letter to the editor praising the work.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are not correctly paired as similar types of sampling methods?
A) Convenience sampling-accidental sampling
B) Network sampling-snowball sampling
C) Purposive sampling-selective sampling
D) Stratified random sampling-quota sampling
Q2) Which of the following would be the best method for randomly assigning subjects (n = 40) to treatment (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups in an intervention study? Assign numbers to all subjects and:
A) ignore numbers; group the subjects by diagnosis or physician.
B) place the first 20 subjects in one group and the last in the other.
C) put even-numbered subjects in one group, odd numbered in the other.
D) put numbers 1 to 40 in a box and blindly draw from the box.
Q3) Which of the following factors do not influence saturation of data and therefore sample size in a qualitative study?
A) Quality of the data
B) Randomization of the sample
C) Scope of the study
D) Study design
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cronbach's alpha is used in tool development to determine:
A) equivalence of items.
B) internal consistency.
C) stability of measurement.
D) triangulation of theories.
Q2) What is the problem with the following example?
Age: under 18
18 to 25
25 to 40
40 to 65
Over 65
The categories are not:
A) empirical.
B) equal.
C) exclusive.
D) exhaustive.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is a greater risk of making which error with a directional hypothesis?
A) Concluding that there is a difference between groups when there really is no difference
B) Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there is an inverse relationship
C) Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there really is a difference
D) Rejecting the null hypothesis when the measurement error is moderate
Q2) When preparing data for analysis, which of the following variables would not most likely be grouped for statistical analysis?
A) Ounces of water consumed by new mothers
B) Race and ethnicity of nursing faculty members
C) Results of fasting blood sugar testing
D) Weight of student athletes
Q3) A statistically significant finding means that:
A) findings are clinically important and valuable.
B) interventions should be used in clinical practice.
C) obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance.
D) results will be the same if the study is repeated with another sample.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would indicate that purposive sampling was used correctly in a study that is being critiqued?
A) Sample members are determined by finding a designated number of subjects from each of several identified groups (men, women, high school graduates, etc.).
B) Subjects who have knowledge about the study topic are asked to participate in the study; those who agree become the sample.
C) The names of all possible subjects are put into a hat, and an adequate number are drawn out.
D) Volunteers are solicited from the entire population, and those who agree become subjects in the study.
Q2) Where might a beginning researcher look to discover critiques of research to learn how to evaluate studies?
A) American Journal of Nursing
B) Nursing Times
C) RN
D) Western Journal of Nursing Research
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14
Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which strategy would best address the difficulty practicing nurses have with understanding research terminology?
A) Authorization for a federally funded national program to educate all nurses regarding research terminology
B) Increased publication of research articles targeted at the practicing nurse instead of nursing scientists
C) Knowledge of the research process incorporated into the NCLEX
D) Mandated entry level for nursing at the baccalaureate level
Q2) Which of the following is related to the feasibility of implementing a new nursing intervention?
A) Degree of change people will need to make
B) Relevance to health care practice
C) Reliability and validity of the measures used
D) Significance of scientific merit
Q3) An organization that facilitates research use would be characterized by:
A) a management style that supports nurses.
B) committed use of acceptable nursing policies and practices.
C) reluctance to change.
D) support for new ideas and innovations.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Introduction to Outcomes Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When creating samples for outcomes research, which of the following is not a generally accepted guideline to follow?
A) All patients are represented.
B) Heterogeneous samples are preferred.
C) Random sampling is very desirable.
D) Very large samples are needed.
Q2) Which of the following is proposed as the best method to measure improvement in patients' conditions?
A) An index of improvement
B) Change scores
C) Has not been a useful method suggested at this time
D) Percentage of improvement
Q3) A researcher is looking particularly at the organizational hierarchy of a health care system. What specific aspect of quality health care would this address?
A) Practice styles
B) Process of care
C) Quality of care
D) Structure of care
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