Critical Appraisal of Nursing Research
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Critical Appraisal of Nursing Research is a course designed to equip nursing students and professionals with the skills necessary to systematically evaluate and interpret research studies relevant to nursing practice. The course covers key concepts such as research design, methodology, data analysis, and the assessment of validity, reliability, and applicability of study findings. Students will learn to critically review quantitative and qualitative research, identify common biases, and understand ethical considerations in research. Emphasis is placed on integrating research evidence into clinical decision-making with the goal of promoting evidence-based practice and improving patient care outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 7th Edition by Susan K. Grove
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14 Chapters
575 Verified Questions
575 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Its
Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice
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33 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which are components of evidence-based practice (EBP)? Select all that apply.
A) Best research evidence
B) Expert opinion consensus
C) Patient needs and values
D) Safe,cost-effective care
Answer: A,C,D
Q2) The nurse participates in data collection in a study in which two different pain management protocols are used with randomly assigned patients to measure differences in postoperative recovery time.Which method of study is this?
A) Control
B) Correlation
C) Description
D) Explanation
Answer: A
Q3) The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)began to change its focus to A) funding nursing rather than medical research.
B) evaluating outcomes rather than process studies.
C) increasing the status and funding for nursing research.
D) supporting the dissemination of nursing research.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research subjects in a study of body image after mastectomy will complete a questionnaire about body image after surgery.Which assumption would the researcher likely make when conducting this study?
A) All mastectomy patients are likely to be negatively affected by the surgery.
B) Body image and appearance are important to survivors of breast cancer.
C) Subjects will be able to describe a personal awareness of body image.
D) Subjects will complete every item on the questionnaire.
Answer: C
Q2) To learn whether there is a statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in a study,the nurse would review which section of the research report?
A) Introduction
B) Methods
C) Purpose
D) Results
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher identifies a socioeconomic group of people to study.After developing a rapport with key members of the group,getting information about group members from the key members,and spending time working among group members,the researcher prepares a written report about the group based on this experience.Which type of qualitative research does this represent?
A) Ethnographic
B) Grounded theory
C) Historical
D) Phenomenological
Answer: A
Q2) Which is true about phenomenological research?
A) It is a method that views the person and the environment as integrated.
B) It seeks to quantify human behavior and experience.
C) It disregards the meaning of lived experiences.
D) It is a single approach that uses quantitative research methods.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a prospective subject has decided to take part in a research study of his or her own volition,without coercion or any undue influence describes which element of Informed Consent?
A) Disclosure
B) Comprehension
C) Competence
D) Voluntary agreement
Q2) A researcher gives healthy adult subjects a handout explaining the nature of a study and then obtains written consent from those who choose to participate.Which statement is true about this process?
A) Subjects have given informed consent for participation in the study.
B) Subjects have not given voluntary consent for participation in the study.
C) The researcher has failed to determine comprehension of the study by participants.
D) The researcher has not disclosed information about the study to the participants.
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6
Chapter 5: Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Q1) Which is true about a causal hypothesis?
A) It describes the effects of independent variables on dependent variables.
B) It predicts a negative or positive interaction between variables.
C) It proposes positive or negative relationships among variables.
D) It states that a relationship exists between variables without indicating direction.
Q2) All of the following aspects of a research proposal are part of the research hypothesis except
A) methodology.
B) outcomes.
C) population.
D) variables.
Q3) In the following research clinical question,what is the outcome? "What is the effect of relaxation therapy versus biofeedback on the functional ability of clients with rheumatoid arthritis?"
A) Relaxation therapy
B) Biofeedback
C) Functional ability
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once relevant studies have been identified,the researcher's next step is to
A) determine the expertise of each study's authors.
B) obtain full-text copies of each of these articles.
C) review the study design and methodology of each article.
D) write the literature review based on abstract information.
Q2) Some studies cited in a literature review may be decades old.The researcher may decide to use studies from this far back because these studies
A) are groundbreaking or landmark studies.
B) are particularly well-written studies.
C) are peer-reviewed,relevant studies.
D) are still considered current studies.
Q3) Which type of information would the reader be least interested in obtaining from a literature review?
A) How the variables of interest have been operationally defined in prior studies.
B) Narration of an author's impression of a given situation
C) Research results
D) What research approaches have been used to study similar problems.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) In a study about childhood obesity,the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures,body mass index (BMI),body image,self-esteem,and social norms.When discussing body image,self-esteem,and social norms,the researcher is describing the A) conceptual definition.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) operational definition.
Q2) A researcher is studying how anxiety affects coping with chronic disease and theorizes that measures to reduce anxiety will improve subjects' ability to cope with day-to-day demands of self-care.In this example,anxiety and coping are A) assumptions.
B) concepts.
C) philosophies. D) theories.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher conducts a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is improved weight gain among premature infants who are fed according to cue-based protocols.The researcher trained neonatal intensive care nurses to apply cue-based feeding to orally fed infants and notes a statistical difference in weight gain between infants fed according to cue-based protocols and those fed according to standard protocols.The reviewer notes that components of cue-based feedings are not clearly identified.This is a threat to
A) construct validity.
B) external validity.
C) internal validity.
D) statistical conclusion validity.
Q2) Which type of study is considered strongest for testing the effectiveness of an intervention?
A) Experimental
B) Pretest/posttest
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Randomized controlled trial
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of appropriate sampling in research is to
A) accurately reflect the characteristics of the target population.
B) completely define the traits of the accessible population.
C) identify all attributes of the sample population.
D) study an entire population.
Q2) A researcher wishes to conduct a survey of attitudes about illness among young adults with cystic fibrosis.The researcher contacts a nearby regional medical cystic fibrosis clinic,where 250 young adults who have cystic fibrosis are seen.A group of 50 young adults are selected to complete the survey.These 50 people are the
A) accessible population.
B) elements of the population.
C) sample population.
D) target population.
Q3) Which statement is true about systematic sampling?
A) A nonrandom starting point is used when selecting subjects.
B) It can be used when the desired sample size is unknown.
C) It provides a random chance for inclusion as a subject.
D) Subjects have an equal chance for inclusion in the study.
Q4) The individual units of the population and sample are called
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher administers a scale measuring self-confidence and one measuring self-doubt to a group of subjects and performs a correlational analysis of the results.This is a test of validity from A) contrasting groups.
B) convergence.
C) divergence.
D) readability.
Q2) Which is true about a test that is highly specific?
A) It is good at identifying patients who do not have a disease.
B) It is good at identifying patients who have a disease.
C) It results in an increased number of false negatives.
D) It results in an increased number of false positives.
Q3) In a pilot study to help train a group of data collectors who will evaluate children's pain using a FACES rating scale,the researcher examines the reliability of the scores of each data collector.This is an example of which type of reliability measure?
A) Alternate forms reliability
B) Internal consistency reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Test-retest reliability
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher correlates self-confidence measures with obesity rates and determines an r value of 0.8.What can the reviewer conclude when evaluating this research?
A) There is a 36% chance that variation in one score is the result of variation in the other score.
B) There is a 64% chance that variation in one score is the result of variation in the other score.
C) There is a 64% chance that variation in one score is the result of variation in something other than the other score.
D) There is a weak correlation between these two variables.
Q2) The concept of degrees of freedom refers to
A) the level of significance for a study.
B) the standard deviation from the mean among data.
C) the variability of a given score based on other scores.
D) whether statistical analysis is one- or two-tailed.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) While critically appraising a quantitative research study,what will the reviewer assess when critiquing the title of the study? Select all that apply.
A) Clarity of the title's focus
B) All study variables and population
C) Type of study conducted such as phenomenology and the variables
D) Type of study conducted such as descriptive and the variables
E) Key study variables and population
Q2) A nurse researcher explains the importance of critically appraising research to a group of graduate-level nursing students.Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching?
A) "Research is critically appraised to broaden understanding for conducting a study."
B) "Critical appraisal is an examination of the quantity of a study to determine the credibility and meaning of the findings for nursing."
C) "Research is critically appraised to improve practice and provide a background for conducting a study."
D) "Critical appraisal or critique is associated with critical thinking and evaluation."
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study yielding negative results is withheld for publication for several years,contributing to which type of bias?
A) Citation bias
B) Location bias
C) Outcome-reporting bias
D) Time-lag bias
Q2) Which standards were developed to help nursing students develop the skills,knowledge,and attitudes needed to continuously improve quality and safety?
A) EBP
B) IRB
C) QSEN
D) ANCC Magnet
Q3) A new research methodology (termed "bench to bedside")developed to improve the application of research evidence in practice is known as
A) grounded theory research.
B) historical research.
C) mixed-methods research.
D) translational research.
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Chapter 14: Introduction to Additional Research
Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes
Research
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Q1) Which of the following are true statements about the mixed-methods design strategy known as convergent concurrent strategy? Select all that apply.
A) A strategy used when the researcher collects and analyzes quantitative data,and then collects and analyzes qualitative data to explain the quantitative findings.
B) It is selected when a researcher wishes to use quantitative and qualitative methods to confirm,cross-validate,or corroborate findings using a single sample or two samples from the same population.
C) A strategy used when the researcher collects quantitative and qualitative data at the same time,analyzes each set of data,and integrates the findings.
D) It may be used when the researcher wants to expand on what is known about a phenomenon and the researcher does not want the content of the quantitative instruments to bias data collected qualitatively.
E) Parallel design is often called exploratory sequential strategy because quantitative and qualitative data collection processes are conducted at the same time.
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