Criminology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. This course explores the causes and consequences of crime through the analysis of sociological, psychological, and economic theories, examining patterns of criminal activity and their impact on society. Students will learn about the development of laws, the process of law enforcement, and the role of punishment and rehabilitation. The course also covers contemporary issues in criminology, such as white-collar crime, juvenile delinquency, and the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies, equipping students with a critical understanding of the complexities surrounding crime and justice.
Recommended Textbook
The American System of Criminal Justice 14th Edition by George F. Cole
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17 Chapters
1747 Verified Questions
1747 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?
A) Homicide is not usually reported to the police.
B) You cannot survey victims of homicide.
C) Homicide is unimportant to track.
D) Police departments may lie about their homicide rates.
Answer: B
Q2) Elizabeth was most likely the victim of what type of crime?
A) Transnational crime
B) Money laundering
C) Organized crime
D) Identity theft
Answer: D
Q3) ____________________ refers to a framework within which criminal acts are committed.
Answer: Organized crime
Q4) The ____________________ model emphasizes efficiency and the capacity to catch offenders.
Answer: crime control
Q5) ____________________ is often referred to as "street crime."
Answer: Visible crime
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Chapter 2: Victimization and Criminal Behavior
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101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wealthy people can take measures to protect themselves from some types of crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Jeff will most likely file a _____ lawsuit against the offenders who injured him,which will not be difficult to win.
A) criminal
B) tort
C) civil
D) motion
Answer: C
Q3) Labeling is an example of a social process theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Explain the difference between repetitive victimization and revictimization.
Answer: Students should understand that repetitive victimization takes place over a relatively short period of time. Revictimization is spread out over several years.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System
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101 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the _________the suspect is brought before a judge and is given formal notice of the charge(s)for which he or she is being held,advised of his or her rights,and,if approved by the judge,given a chance to post bail.
Answer: initial appearance
Q2) Plea bargaining is an example of an exchange relationship in the criminal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Criminal justice agencies are not dependent on others for funding.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Determine and explain what constitutes racial profiling.Give three examples of racial profiling.
Answer: Answers will vary,but students should explain that racial profiling occurs when a member of law enforcement singles out an individual based upon the individual's race or nationality.
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Chapter 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person has a guilty mind or a blameworthy state of mind,this describes the element of
A) mens rea.
B) an inchoate offense.
C) defamation.
D) actus reus.
Q2) Explain why intoxication can be used as a criminal defense,and provide an example of a case in which intoxication might relieve an offender of responsibility.
Q3) Shelby cannot be retried for the same crime in the same jurisdiction based upon.
A) incorporation.
B) fundamental fairness.
C) self-incrimination.
D) double jeopardy.
Q4) The right to a trial by jury is guaranteed by the
A) Fourth Amendment.
B) Fifth Amendment.
C) Sixth Amendment.
D) Seventh Amendment.
Q5) A person who was forced to commit a crime is under ____________________.
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Chapter 5: Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ officers have the most discretion.
Q2) The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of crimes solved.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not an operational unit of police departments?
A) Patrol
B) Traffic
C) Courts
D) Vice
Q4) The FBI is located within the U.S.Department of ____________________.
Q5) A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face conflict is called
A) law enforcement.
B) order maintenance.
C) service.
D) departmental.
Q6) Explain the duties and priorities of the FBI.
Q7) Every state has its own law enforcement agency with __________.
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Q8) British police officers were called ____________________ after Sir Robert Peel.
Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture.Which of the following is not a dilemma that officers must overcome?
A) The contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers' inability to do so
B) The fact that officers must use their discretion to "handle" situations in ways that do not strictly follow procedures
C) The fact that what is right is not always legal
D) The fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen's interest, often with recourse to coercive force that can maim or kill
Q2) Most police patrol units have two officers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Police officers are expected to obey rules and respect superiors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Geographic concentrations of crime are called ____________________.
Q5) ____________________ assigns resources so as to obtain the largest number of arrests.
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Chapter 7: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) There have been many critics of the USA Patriot Act,who claim that the act infringes on individual rights and possibly violates the U.S.Constitution.Do you agree with these critics,or does the Patriot Act help to keep our country safer? Support your answer with material from the text.
Q2) Which of the following is considered new technology in weapons?
A) Taser
B) Handgun
C) DNA
D) Flexible baton
Q3) The advancement of new technologies in police work can be found in
A) body armor.
B) gun-shot detection.
C) airport scanners.
D) all of the above.
Q4) The Department of ____________ was formed after the events of September 11,2001.
A) International Affairs
B) Terrorism
C) FBI
D) Homeland Security
Page 9
Q5) Why are victimless crimes a problem for police corruption?
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Chapter 8: Police and Constitutional Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unexplained bulges in clothing or awkwardness in walking are examples of behavioral analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to U.S.v.Drayton (2002),police officers
A) must notify citizens that they have the right to say "no" to a search.
B) must notify citizens of their right against self-incrimination.
C) must notify citizens of their right to an attorney.
D) are not obligated to notify citizens that they have a right to say "no" to a search.
Q3) Which of the following does not allow the use of the exclusionary rule?
A) Murder trial
B) Federal court
C) State court with no appellate system
D) Grand jury proceeding
Q4) The U.S.Supreme Court created the exclusionary rule in the case of
A) Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
B) Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
C) Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993).
D) Weeks v. U.S.(1914).
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Chapter 9: Courts and Pretrial Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) What impacts do budget cuts have on the courts?
Q2) Katie was charged with armed robbery at which point during the pretrial process?
A) Arrest
B) Booking
C) Arraignment
D) Disposition
Q3) __________ had fewer opportunities to enter the legal profession prior to the 1960s and thus were seldom considered for judgeships.
A) Women
B) Men
C) The elderly
D) College-educated men and women
Q4) Which statement best reflects valid criticism of the use of preventive detention?
A) It always violates the offender's First Amendment rights.
B) It is always used unfairly, particularly for female offenders.
C) It is unfair to incarcerate someone when we assume all offenders are innocent until proven guilty.
D) The costs should not be considered.
Q5) Judges have three major roles:adjudicator,negotiator,and _________.
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Chapter 10: Prosecution and Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most cases involving plea bargains and dismissals,defense attorneys are more like a cooperating partner and less like an all-out adversary to a prosecutor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the _________ model,a case is accepted and charges are made only when there is enough evidence to ensure conviction.For each case the prosecutor asks,"Will this case result in a conviction?"
Q3) Which of the following best describes the discretion given to a prosecutor?
A) Limited discretion
B) Variant discretion
C) Broad discretion
D) Relative discretion
Q4) Dianne works as a prosecutor for the federal government.Dianne's actual title is _______ attorney.
A) state
B) U.S.
C) district
D) county
Q5) The chief legal officer of the state is the ____________________.
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Chapter 11: Determination of Guilt: Plea Bargaining and Trials
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a workgroup,the participants share the same duties and responsibilities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the stages in a criminal trial?Compare the steps in the criminal trial to the steps in plea bargaining.
Q3) If a juror's responses indicate that he or she will not be able to make fair decisions,an attorney may request a(n)_________.
Q4) Which of the following is true concerning appeals?
A) Most appeals by criminal defendants are successful.
B) Most appeals by criminal defendants are not unsuccessful.
C) The number of successful appeals roughly equals the number of unsuccessful appeals.
D) Criminal defendants are no longer permitted to file appeals.
Q5) Some defendants plead guilty even when they are innocent.
A)True B)False
Q6) Plea bargaining can occur even when the evidence against the suspect is strong.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) All 50 states impose death as a sentence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Indeterminate sentences are consistent with rehabilitation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Alex will be incarcerated for a period of 25 years.Which goal of punishment does his sentence meet for the general public?
A) Specific deterrence
B) General deterrence
C) Intermediate sanction
D) Death
Q4) Legislatures construct sentencing guidelines according to two dimensions.These dimensions are
A) seriousness of the offense and gender.
B) recidivism and gender.
C) seriousness of the offense and prior record.
D) gender and family responsibilities.
Q5) _______________ indicate to judges the expected sanction for certain offenses.
Page 14
Q6) The ____________________ process is a major factor in delaying executions.
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Chapter 13: Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ are secure facilities in which inmates stay for less than one year.
Q2) As an inmate,Jodi would not have always had the right to sue for constitutional rights violations.Which court case gave Jodi this right?
A) Procunier v. Martinez (1974)
B) Cooper v. Pate (1964)
C) Theriault v. Carlson (1977)
D) Cruz v. Beto (1972)
Q3) Discuss the pros and cons of prison privatization.
Q4) A _______ is an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds,repent,and reform.
A) jail
B) penitentiary
C) reformatory
D) dormitory
Q5) Private prisons are a billion-dollar industry.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How has the use of technology affected prisoners? How has it challenged guards?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of community corrections is based on
A) punishing the offender as severely as possible.
B) teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the criminal world.
C) punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative.
D) the idea that punishment is wrong.
Q2) Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Megan's client is forced to spend a specific,detailed amount of time in his home as part of his probation.This is referred to as
A) restitution.
B) fines.
C) home confinement.
D) day reporting.
Q4) The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.
A)True B)False
Page 16
Q5) How can community engagement promote new ideas in handling offenders on probation?
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Chapter 15: Incarceration and Prison Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission has affected the rights and treatment of inmates.
Q2) Which of the following is not a principle set forth by Warden Dennis Luther for his staff members?
A) Inmates are sent to prison as punishment and not for punishment.
B) Inmates are entitled to a safe and humane environment while in prison.
C) Inmates should be punished harshly.
D) You must believe in man's capacity to change his behavior.
Q3) Warden Smith has been able to increase funding for educational endeavors for her inmates.Currently,how many inmates have received a high school diploma or GED when they enter into prison?
A) Less than half
B) Half
C) More than half
D) All
Q4) Inmates who do not break rules are given ______ time.
A) earned
B) good
C) extra
D) program
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Reentry Into the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Media coverage of parole and parolees tends to be sympathetic and understanding.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This Chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s.It is very difficult for offenders to be released when they are judged "ready" for release and job training and education programs have been severely curtailed.In your opinion,what might explain this trend? What are the greater social effects of these policies?
Q3) In-custody visitation allows inmates to leave prison temporarily to visit family.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When offenders are absolved from the consequences of their crimes by executive order,they have received ____________________.
Q5) Parole decisions can be made arbitrarily,depending on the whims of the parole board.
A)True
B)False
Q6) About ________% of prisoners released to parole were incarcerated for a drug offense.
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Chapter 17: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The doctrine of ____________________ means the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect themselves.
Q2) Some communities hire _________,who provide counseling and a security presence in school buildings.
Q3) Tyson is not alone in his actions.He is among the _______ of juveniles who use their computers to bully others.
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 30%
Q4) __________ are responsible for a significant amount of delinquency in communities and also have thrived within correctional facilities.
Q5) What new crimes does new technology pose for the juvenile justice system?
Q6) _________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.
A) Waiver
B) Transfer
C) Disposition
D) Adjudication
Q7) Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as ____________________ crimes.
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