Criminology
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, its causes, consequences, and prevention. This course explores the nature and scope of crime within society, examining various criminological theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior, including biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives. Students will analyze the social, legal, and personal factors that contribute to criminal acts, as well as the workings and effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Topics such as the role of law enforcement, types of crime, crime statistics, victimology, and policy responses are covered to provide a comprehensive understanding of how crime affects communities and how society responds to criminal conduct.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective 2nd Edition by Shelley Brown
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14 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/311 Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime in Canada Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5127
Sample Questions
Q1) Variations in criminal conduct within an individual across time are considered to be
A)inter-individual differences
B)intra-group differences
C)intra-individual differences
D)inter-group differences
Answer: C
Q2) Describe why using a meta-analytic review is a useful strategy to identify determinants of crime.
Answer: Meta-analytic reviews are useful because they are less biased in that they provide a quantitative estimate of the importance of the results rather than a narrative interpretation by the author.It is considered standard for reviewing the literature.Also the statistical techniques allow differences between groups to be converted to a correlation,permitting a common metric or measure for easily understanding the importance of independent variables.
Q3) Compared to other countries,the crime rate in Canada is high.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evolutionary theories are considered to be proximate explanations of crime. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in behavioural inhibition and mood regulation?
A)tryptophan
B)adrenaline
C)dopamine
D)serotonin
Answer: D
Q3) The "gene-crime" link is a direct conduit and not influenced by mediating effects such as low intelligence and impulsivity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Biology can predispose an individual to future antisocial behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Learning and Environment Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5129
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation,children will not develop the means to control their conduct and will be more likely to exhibit antisocial patterns of behavior if:
A)they experienced too much maternal care in childhood
B)there was a disruption to the primary mother-child relationship
C)they developed too strong an attachment to their siblings
D)they experienced multiple mother figures
Answer: B
Q2) The main premise of Akers' social learning theory is that:
A)offenders are typically introduced to crime by the friends they hang out with most B)offenders learn how to commit crime both personally as well as by imitating those who are rewarded for crime
C)interventions for criminal activity are most effective if they are delivered in a group setting rather than one-on-one
D)those who grow up commit crimes have difficulty associating punishments with behaviour in childhood
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the major themes of retribution,incapacitation,and deterrence.
Q2) Effective correctional practice must be informed by:
A)talking with offenders
B)theory and evidence
C)principles of classical conditioning
D)principles of operant conditioning
Q3) In comparing neighboring states in the U.S.,with and without capital punishment,there was no difference in the frequency of capital crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and describe Hanson and Morton-Bourgon 's (2009) five-category classification of risk assessment tools.
Q5) Describe the Conceptual Model of Offender Transition.
Q6) Over an eight-year period,an evaluation of the efficacy of the Custody Rating Scale (CRS) demonstrated that:
A)minimum security placements increased and escape rates increased
B)minimum security placements decreased and escape rates decreased
C)minimum security placements increased and escape rates decreased
D)minimum security placements decreased and escape rates increased
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Chapter 5: Adolescent Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children indicates that approximately 40% of youth admit to engaging in at least one antisocial act in the last year.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When examining the trajectory to adult offending,a clear pattern found is that:
A)early onset of antisocial behaviour is linked to more serious and persistent antisocial behaviour later in life
B)early onset of antisocial behaviour is not linked to more serious and persistent antisocial behaviour later in life
C)early onset of antisocial behaviour is a far more common occurrence than late onset antisocial behaviour
D)most young children with behavioural difficulties go on to become adult offenders
Q3) Describe the nature of internalizing and externalizing problems that children may present before age 12.Identify which is more predictive of criminal offending later on in life and why.
Q4) Outline the five criminological risk factors that increases a youth's likelihood of offending.
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Chapter 6: Economically Motivated Offenders Psychology
of Criminal Behaviour
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) White-collar criminals tend to work for companies other than those they steal from. A)True
B)False
Q2) A genuine document used to confirm one's identify which can be stolen and used to apply illegally for other IDs or cards is called a breeder document.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There is no general assessment approach to cybercrime as a whole; however,clinical assessment tools for sexual offending may be useful with offenders who commit cybercrimes of a sexual nature.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the four principles of PEERS,an organization in Victoria,BC formed by sex trade workers to address issues faced by women who work in the sex trade.
Q5) How is theft defined in the Canadian Criminal Code?
Q6) Discuss the role of street gangs in organized crime.
Q7) Define and briefly discuss the scope of organized crime in Canada.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Substance Abusing Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5133
Sample Questions
Q1) Mitchell,Wilson,and Mackenzie (2006) conducted a meta-analysis of research on corrections-based substance abuse programming.Explain their methodology and findings.
Q2) Describe the typical corrections-based substance abuse treatment programs that are offered in Canada.Briefly explain if and how they are successful with substance abusing offenders.
Q3) According to Andrews and Bonta (2010),substance abuse is a _________ risk factor for crime.
A)major
B)moderate
C)minor
D)protective
Q4) Research indicates that drug treatment courts result in major reductions in criminal recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the nature of risk factors for and protective factors against crime among substance abusing individuals.
Q6) Describe the Disease Model of addiction to substances.
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Chapter 8: Violent Offending Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5134
Sample Questions
Q1) Crime motivated by hostility towards a victim's race,ethnicity,language,religion,sexual orientation,etc.is referred to as:
A)a violent crime
B)a hate crime
C)terrorism
D)a social status crime
Q2) The main idea behind the social learning theory of aggression is that it is more likely to occur when it is expected to be more rewarding than non-aggressive alternatives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Effect sizes for violent recidivism are highest for treatments where offenders are assigned homework and engage in role playing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the four key approaches to assessing risk of recidivism for violent offenders.
Q5) Describe a risk assessment tool used to estimate risk for violent terrorist attacks.
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Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5135
Sample Questions
Q1) States in the U.S.with higher levels of patriarchal attitudes (as measured by male-dominant norms) had:
A)much lower rates of spousal assault than states with less patriarchal attitudes
B)much higher rates of spousal assault than states with less patriarchal attitudes
C)about equal rates of spousal assault than states with less patriarchal attitudes
D)more reporting of spousal violence than states with less patriarchal attitudes
Q2) Of the risk assessment instruments used to predict intimate partner violence recidivism,the tool with the highest predictive accuracy is the:
A)PCL-R
B)DVRAG
C)SARA
D)HCR-20
Q3) Describe two risk assessment tools that are used to estimate intimate partner violence recidivism.
Q4) What triggers a man to engage in physical violence and why is this important in understanding intimate partner violence?
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Chapter 10: Mentally Disordered Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an accused is not able to participate in their own defence on account of a mental disorder,he/she is declared:
A)unfit to stand trial
B)unfit to be tried
C)insane
D)not guilty
Q2) The leading cause of unnatural death among federal inmates is:
A)unsafe physical conditions in prison
B)suicide
C)murder by fellow inmates
D)overdose
Q3) Describe some of the key messages that resulted from the 2014 conference about the nexus between policing and mental illness sponsored by the Mental Health Commission of Canada.
Q4) The general conclusion about treatment for offenders with mental illnesses is that they should:
A)not be treated because offender treatment does not work
B)receive correctional treatment only
C)receive psychiatric treatment only
D)receive both correctional and psychiatric treatment
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Chapter 11: Psychopathic Offenders Psychology of Criminal
Behaviour
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5137
Sample Questions
Q1) One type of psychopath that has yet to be studied is the elderly psychopath.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the association between psychopathy and recidivism?
Q3) A limitation of using neuroimaging procedures to understand psychopathy is:
A)the techniques used to map brain areas are not very precise
B)it promotes the idea that a psychopath's behaviour can never change if it is biologically based
C)psychopaths are able to regulate their brain activity during such procedures if they wish to fool the assessor
D)decreased activation in individual brain areas cannot be automatically associated with abnormal brain function
Q4) Results from research on female victims of psychopaths indicate that:
A)they are more likely to be victimized by female psychopaths than male psychopaths
B)psychopaths are more likely to have victims that are strangers than non-psychopaths
C)all victims report being harmed or having their health affected by psychopaths
D)it is rare for psychopaths to engage in economic abuse of victims
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Chapter 12: Sexual Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5138
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are challenges that researchers face when studying the effectiveness of sexual offender treatment except:
A)it is difficult to find a proper control group to compare to the treatment group
B)it is difficult to find participants when identities of those in treatment are kept confidential
C)it is difficult to find sufficient participants to study because recidivism rates are low
D)it is difficult to find untreated offenders because most sexual offenders receive treatment
Q2) Studies generally find an association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual offending.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Teens are more likely to commit sexual offences than adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how the criminal justice system attempts to manage and treat the risk of sexual offenders.
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Chapter 13: Female Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5139
Sample Questions
Q1) The concern raised about how some risk assessment tools result in the "over-classification" of female offenders refers to the fact that some tools:
A)oversimplify the criminogenic needs of female offenders
B)fail to identify female offenders who eventually reoffend
C)are more likely to recommend treating women who do not need treatment
D)rank women as being higher risk offenders than they actually are
Q2) Which of the following is one of the 5 basic principles that guide programming for female offenders?
A)independence training
B)reduction of risk factors
C)empowerment
D)identification of external influences
Q3) Both Mary and Joe come from households where there were family and substance abuse risk factors for crime.According to the research,who is more likely to be more sensitive to these factors?
A)Both Mary and Joe will be equally sensitive to these factors
B)Neither Mary and Joe will be sensitive to these factors
C)Joe
D)Mary
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Aboriginal Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5140
Sample Questions
Q1) Aboriginal-specific risk assessment tools are specifically designed to guide management of an offender and are not designed to assess recidivism risk.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Outline the four potential explanations of overrepresentation of Aboriginals in the Canadian justice system.
Q3) Wilson and Gutierrez (2014) found that when examining recidivism among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders using the Level of Service Inventory (LSI):
A)all eight subscales predict recidivism equally well for both groups
B)predictive accuracy was weaker for Aboriginal offenders on five of the subscales
C)predictive accuracy was weaker for Aboriginal offenders on two of the subscales
D)all eight subscales predicted recidivism better for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal offenders
Q4) Explain how colonialism may have lead to Aboriginal overrepresentation in the criminal justice system.
Q5) Discuss the success rates of Aboriginal-specific treatment programs.
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