Criminology Research Methods
Test Questions
Course Introduction
Criminology Research Methods introduces students to the fundamental tools and techniques used to investigate crime and criminal justice issues. The course covers both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, including survey design, interviews, ethnography, and statistical analysis. Students will learn how to formulate research questions, develop hypotheses, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings within ethical guidelines. Emphasis is placed on understanding bias, validity, reliability, and the critical evaluation of existing criminological research. By the end of the course, students will be able to design and implement research projects that contribute to the field of criminology.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Research Methods for Criminal Justice 3rd Edition by Frank E. Hagan
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11 Chapters
835 Verified Questions
835 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ involves deriving a specific hypothesis from a more general theory.
Answer: Deduction
Q2) Theory is as necessary in the production of valid criminal justice research as method.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Deduction is a process of moving from the general to the specific.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Martinson's review of criminal justice programs concluded that "nothing works".
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) _________________ is Max Weber's term for a research strategy in which researchers immerse themselves in the subject matter and develop "sensitizing concepts."
Answer: Verstehen
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Criminal Justice Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shield laws are intended to protect researchers from being sued by subjects for malpractice.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) There is no official professional code of ethics governing research within the field of criminal justice itself.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following was not a basic principle of the Belmont Report (the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects):
A) principle of equanimity
B) principle of beneficence
C) principle of justice
D) principle of respect for persons
Answer: A
Q4) How might ethical problems in criminal justice research be avoided?
Answer: Answers will vary
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Chapter 3: Research Design: the Experimental Model and Its
Variations
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Time series designs and panel designs are examples of cross sectional designs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) _________________ occurs when members of the control group find out about and request the same treatment as the experimental group.
Answer: Compensatory equalization of treatment
Q3) _________________ designs are studies of the same group over a period of time.
Answer: Longitudinal
Q4) _________________ effects refer to the fact that "experimental treatments may have opposite effects upon different kinds of subjects."
Answer: Masking
Q5) If one variable precedes another in time, it is the cause of that outcome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
Q6) _________________ are any variables other than X (the treatment) that may be responsible for the relationship.
Answer: Rival causal factors
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Chapter 4: The Uniform Crime Reports and Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chief advantage of the simple random sample is that it is Basic and quick.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The National Incident-Based Reporting System designates each crime as either attempted or completed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Simple random samples by no means guarantee probability samples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________________ samples refer to those that permit estimation of the likelihood of each element of the population being selected in the sample.
Q5) While added to the crime index by an act of Congress in 1978, which of the following crimes is not included in the actual calculation of the crime index?
A) arson
B) rape
C) larceny
D) vehicle theft
Q6) What are some possible explanations for the crime dip of the 1990s?
Page 7
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Chapter 5: Survey Research: Questionnaires
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Sample Questions
Q1) A is a reconnaissance operation or exploratory testing of the instrument using subjects who are similar to the group to be studied.
Q2) Why was there such a negative reaction to Mark Hamm's survey of Indiana legislators on attitudes toward the death penalty for juveniles?
A) it "struck too close to the bone"
B) it was too statistical
C) it was too theoretical
D) it was "too legit. to quit"
Q3) Discuss some general guidelines for questionnaire construc tion.
Q4) "Response set" patterns can be avoided by using reversal questions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is not true with respect to mail questionnaire surveys?
A) they generally enable wide coverage at minimal cost
B) they usually possess problems of nonresponse
C) they are a superior data gathering procedure over experiments
D) they can be considerably enhanced through extensive follow-un
Q6) The technique is used particularly in ecological studies in order to estimate the size of unknown populations.
Page 8
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Chapter 6: Survey Research: Interviews and Telephone
Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ involves reinterviews and replacement of crime panel subunits in the NCVS.
Q2) The Central City Victim Surveys were discontinued by the Department of Justice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________________ figure of crime was the term European criminologists used to refer to unrecorded crime.
Q4) Telescoping refers to:
A) underreporting of crime by the police in the UCR
B) moving previous incidents into the time period being studied
C) forecasting future crime trends
D) the dark figure of crime
Q5) Branching procedures refer to:
A) the initial questions asked in an interview
B) probing
C) bounding
D) a line of questioning used for sensitive items in telephone surveys
Q6) The data on rape in the NCVS has been historically poor.
A)True
B)False Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite some shortcomings, experiments remain the most effective means of gathering data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _________________ is a system of memorizing or the use of simple memorizing devices, particularly in participant observation.
Q3) Polsky suggests that it is both wise and possible to study criminals in their natural environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is the proper notation for a single subject reversal design?
A) ABACA
B) ABA
C) AB
D) ALIBABA
Q5) _________________ is a term for a system of mutual obligation, trust, and respect between researcher and subject developed during the course of participant observation.
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures, Secondary Analysis, and
the Uses of Official Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary analysis involves the systematic classification of the content of mass media.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The subsequent explanation of the true purposes of deceptive research to participants is called:
A) debriefing
B) replication
C) recapitulation
D) meta-analysis
Q3) Discuss and give some examples of the major types of unobtrusive methods.
Q4) Which of the following was not discussed as a type of unobtrusive method?
A) case studies
B) simple observation
C) disguised observation
D) simulation
Q5) Mechanical aids should generally be avoided in unobtrusive measurement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Face validity asks, "Does the measuring instrument appear to be measuring that which I am attempting to measure?"
A)True
B)False
Q2) The split half technique eliminates testing effects as well as some other factors of internal invalidity.
A)True B)False
Q3) Much professional prestige is attached to research involving replication in criminal justice.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________________ is a type of reliability in which alternate forms of the instrument are administered to the same group.
Q5) The fit between theoretical and operational definitions of terms is:
A) construct validity
B) concurrent validity
C) convergent validity
D) charismatic validity
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Chapter 10: Scaling and Index Construction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Replication involves:
A) operationalization
B) coding monitoring
C) repeated measurement
D) reconceptualization of variables
Q2) _________________ scales are ones which use judges in order to decide appropriate scale items.
Q3) _________________ is Guttman's notion that a scale should measure one and only one dimension.
Q4) Which of the following is used by the U.S.Parole Commission in predicting a prisoner's recidivism on parole?
A) Sellin-Wolfgang scale
B) Bogardus scale
C) Factor Analysis
D) Salient Factor Score
Q5) The Sellin-Wolfgang Index is an example of a:
A) crime seriousness scale
B) crime prediction scale
C) crime detection scale
D) secondary analysis
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Chapter 11: Policy Analysis and Evaluation Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some concerns a researcher should address before deciding or agreeing to conduct an evaluation?
Q2) Feedback in evaluation research refers to interference which disrupts the research plan.
A)True B)False
Q3) _________________ experiments are applied field experiments with immediate practical policy implications.
Q4) Assessment and monitoring mean the same thing as evaluation research. A)True B)False
Q5) DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) was one of the programs identified as one that "works".
A)True B)False
Q6) What role does the host agency play in successful evaluation research?
Q7) What are the major types of evaluation research and how do they differ from each other?
Page 15
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