Criminology of Terrorism Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Criminology of Terrorism explores the intersection between criminological theory and the phenomenon of terrorism, analyzing the causes, motivations, and patterns of terrorist behavior from both sociological and psychological perspectives. This course examines the historical development of terrorism, typologies of terrorist organizations, and the roles of ideology, socialization, and recruitment in driving individuals toward extremist actions. Students will critically assess the impact of counter-terrorism policies, the effectiveness of law enforcement strategies, and the ethical concerns that arise in combating terrorism. Through case studies and contemporary examples, the course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how criminological insights can inform the prevention, investigation, and response to terrorist threats in a global context.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Terrorism Challenges Perspectives and Issues 6th Edition by Gus Martin
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15 Chapters
752 Verified Questions
752 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Terrorism: First Impressions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern terrorists have ushered in a period of "globalized" terrorism, using which of the following?
A) extensive contact with public relations firms
B) advanced communications technologies such as the Internet and cable news outlets
C) establishing diplomatic relations with sympathetic governments
D) all of these
Answer: B
Q2) Total war during World War II was practiced by the Nazis and Japanese and opposed by the Allies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Terrorism is a recent phenomenon in human history.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of the Beast: Defining Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The statement "one person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter" ______.
A) refers to the importance of one's perspective regarding political violence
B) was a rallying slogan from the French Revolution
C) was a rallying slogan from the Russian Revolution
D) both "was a rallying slogan from the French Revolution " and "was a rallying slogan from the Russian Revolution"
Answer: A
Q2) The Political Violence Matrix describes scales of violence, but not terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A) All terrorists are extremists.
B) All extremists are terrorists.
C) All hate crimes are acts of terrorism.
D) Both "all extremists are terrorists" and "all hate crimes are acts of terrorism."
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Beginnings: the Causes of Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly explain how many movements with legitimate concerns may evolve to become political extremists.
Answer: Movements with legitimate concerns may evolve into political extremists through a combination of factors. These factors can include a sense of frustration and disillusionment with the current political system's ability to address their concerns, a lack of progress in achieving their goals through peaceful means, and the influence of radical individuals or groups within the movement. Additionally, external factors such as economic instability, social unrest, and perceived injustices can further fuel the radicalization of a movement. As individuals become more radicalized, they may become more willing to resort to extreme and violent tactics to achieve their goals, ultimately leading to the transformation of a legitimate movement into a group of political extremists. It is important for leaders and members of movements to be vigilant and proactive in addressing these factors to prevent the escalation towards extremism.
Q2) Morality is simplified by terrorists.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Terror From Above: Terrorism by the State
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Q1) Genocidal repression by governments is universally condemned. Nevertheless, international responses are often slow at best. Why? What factors enter into the calculation to intervene or condemn such behavior?
Q2) State terrorism involves the overt use of force abroad.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Among the degrees of state violence, which of the following involves the application of homicidal state violence to eliminate a single person or a specified group of people?
A) assassinations
B) torture
C) genocide
D) none of these
Q4) Governments often justify domestic violence as being necessary for the good of the nation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Anfal Campaign was an act of genocide in Cambodia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Terror From Below: Terrorism by Dissidents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nihilist dissidents have a clear vision for the post-revolution society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The conscription and use of child soldiers
A) is universally condemned by violent extremists.
B) is minor issue in comparison to larger issues.
C) is practiced only by religious extremists.
D) is a significant global problem because both extremist movements and some governments conscript children and youths.
Q3) As defined in the discussion presented in the textbook, which of the following statements best summarizes the vision of revolutionary dissident terrorists?
A) Revolutionaries have a clear vision about the type of society they wish to establish after victory.
B) Revolutionaries seek to reform society slowly after victory.
C) Revolutionaries have no clear vision about the type of society they wish to build, they only seek to destroy the existing order.
D) None of these.
Q4) In your opinion, are rebels sometimes labeled too quickly as terrorists?
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Chapter 6: Violence in the Name of the Faith: Religious Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly discuss the threat from Iran's sponsorship of radical Islamist causes.
Q2) An Islamic jihad is conceptually the same as a Christian Crusade. A)True
B)False
Q3) The 2011 Arab Spring led to which of the following outcomes?
A) Democracy spread throughout the Middle East.
B) Peace slowly but steadily occurred among warring factions.
C) Thousands of Islamist fighters volunteered to wage jihad against perceived opponents.
D) Both "democracy spread throughout the Middle East" and "peace slowly but steadily occurred among warring factions."
Q4) In what ways have India and Pakistan justified their proxy wars against each other? How has religion been used as a central motive behind their conflict? Explain your answer.
Q5) Discuss why religious terrorism and extremism are so difficult to defeat or otherwise counteract.
Q6) Discuss whether, in your opinion, an environment has been created for a new generation of Afghan Arabs as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Page 8
Q7) Briefly discuss the threat from apocalyptic cults such as Aum Shinriky .
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Chapter 7: Violent Ideologies: Terrorism From the Left and Right
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the general profile of European left-wing terrorism in the latter quarter of the 20th century?
Q2) Describe the ideology of the extreme right wing. What are the sources of their ideology? What is their terrorist activity like? How would you describe their international presence?
Q3) In your opinion, why did revolutionary Marxism become the predominant ideology of the extreme left rather than revolutionary anarchism?
Q4) Which of the following statements best summarizes a central tenet of revolutionary anarchism?
A) Propaganda is best made through violent "propaganda by the deed."
B) Revolution is necessary to build a democratic future.
C) A revolutionary party is necessary for leading the people and the creation of a revolutionary environment.
D) Ideally, there must be a disciplined political party, a charismatic leader, glorification of the military, and an organized elite.
Q5) What was the general profile of Latin American left-wing terrorism in the latter quarter of the 20th century?
Page 9
Q6) Compare and contrast the far left and the far right.
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Chapter 8: Terrorist Spillovers: International Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some "sleeper cells" remain viable by ______.
A) integrating themselves into the society they will eventually attack
B) literally remaining indoor and coming out only at night
C) providing assistance to families of their supporters, in exchange for anonymity
D) all of these
Q2) Imperialism refers to broad political domination by foreign interests of a local region or country.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following examples represents a case study for the role of history as a motivation for international terrorism?
A) the Armenian genocide
B) the Palestinian case
C) the Red Brigade in Italy
D) both "the Armenian genocide" and "the Palestinian case"
Q4) Briefly critique the proposition that international terrorism is a highly efficient operational option.
Q5) How do "sleeper cells" manage to remain viable?
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Chapter 9: Emerging Terrorist Environments:
Gender-Selective Political Violence and Criminal Dissident
Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some violent extremist movements engage in criminal activity because ______.
A) they benefit from the improved lifestyle derived from their profits
B) successful illegal enterprises are respected and feared
C) it provides them with the ability to support their activities without a state sponsor
D) all of these
Q2) Terrorists and other extremist movements stay away from the drug trade as a matter of principle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In what ways is Latin America's Tri-Border region a nexus for terrorism and criminal activity?
Q4) Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle?
A) They refer to two transnational criminal enterprises specializing in heroin production and trafficking.
B) They are drug producing centers in Latin America.
C) They are drug trafficking routes that move large quantities of heroin.
D) They are drug producing centers in West Asia and Southeast Asia.
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Chapter 10: Tools of the Trade: Tactics and Targets of Terrorists
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the threat from asymmetrical warfare.
Q2) What is "armed propaganda?" How is it used by terrorists? Why is it used by terrorists? What is the role of symbolism? Explain your answers.
Q3) How can the effectiveness of a terrorist incident be measured?
Q4) Typical terrorist objectives include all of the following, except:
A) publicizing the cause.
B) changing the existing order.
C) building alliances with leaders.
D) creating a revolutionary environment.
Q5) Mustard gas is a blistering agent which has been historically produced in large quantities.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why do terrorists seek to provoke their adversaries into overreacting, especially when such adversaries are often vastly more powerful than themselves? Discuss the logic of this objective from the perspective of violent extremists.
Q7) The threat from weapons of mass destruction is that they are easily obtained.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Information Battleground: Terrorist Violence
and the Role of the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) What factors influence the news triage?
Q2) Describe how organizations such as Lebanon's Hezbollah are effective manipulators of media information.
Q3) Propaganda refers to creating and spreading lies about an opponent.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The reporting of terrorist incidents in the "new media" is easily regulated.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly discuss the risk of backlash in the reporting of terrorist incidents.
Q6) The contagion effect refers to which of the following?
A) the use of biological weapons against porous nodes
B) the spread of disease as a result of terrorist use of toxins
C) the theoretical influence of media exposure on the future behavior of like-minded extremists
D) both "the use of biological weapons against porous nodes" and "the spread of disease as a result of terrorist use of toxins"
Page 13
Q7) How can the contagion effect become a legitimate concern to the global community? What kind of scenarios would lead it to become a legitimate concern?
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Chapter 12: The American Case: Terrorism in the United States
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Q1) In your opinion, how extensive have "sleeper" terrorist cells been in the United States? Explain your answer.
Q2) The extreme American right is similar in comparison to the extreme European right in its adoption of religion as a foundation for its activities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast the cases of Richard Baumhammers and Timothy McVeigh. Discuss how their cases exemplify the threat of domestic terrorism in the United States. In your opinion, does the scale of violence committed by them make either of them "more" or "less" of a terrorist than the other? Explain your answer.
Q4) The Oklahoma City bombing represents the worst example of international terrorism in U.S. history.
A)True B)False
Q5) Discuss the effect of conspiracy theories on perpetuating far- and fringe-right-wing movements. Why do conspiracy theories persist?
Q6) How pronounced has the "spillover effect" been in the United States?
Q7) Discuss the implications of the militia phenomenon in the United States.
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Chapter 13: Counterterrorism: the Options
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assuming violent coercion will continue to be a counterterrorist option, which of the following outcomes is part of the record of success for this option?
A) specific deterrence against a specific adversary
B) demonstrations of national will
C) annihilation of civilian supporters of terrorist movements
D) both "specific deterrence against a specific adversary" and "demonstrations of national will"
Q2) Are preemptive strikes an acceptable counterterrorist option? Explain your answer.
Q3) Describe the theory and application of economic sanctions as a counterterrorist methodology. How useful are economic sanctions as a counterterrorist option? Explain your answer.
Q4) Anti-terrorism refers to broad public condemnation of terrorist acts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and critique basic problems of relying exclusively on the "hard line" approach toward dealing with terrorism. Also compare and critique problems of relying exclusively on "soft line" approaches.
Q6) What lessons are to be learned from the example of Force 777?
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Chapter 14: A New Era: Homeland Security
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Q1) Extraordinary renditions pose which of the following challenges to the protection of civil liberties?
A) legal protections should be enforced for suspects
B) illicit kidnappings and detentions violate local and international laws
C) high potential for racial profiling
D) torture, however defined, is fundamentally immoral
Q2) Enhanced interrogations pose which of the following challenges to the protection of civil liberties?
A) legal protections should be enforced for suspects
B) illicit kidnappings and detentions violate local and international laws
C) high potential for racial profiling
D) torture, however defined, is fundamentally immoral
Q3) Extraordinary renditions are a well-regarded legalistic counterterrorist option. A)True
B)False
Q4) Echelon was a surveillance technology used by the FBI in the United States. A)True
B)False
Q5) Why has the United States experienced interagency rivalries and tensions? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 15: What Next the Future of Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding projecting the future of terrorism?
A) It is often an imprecise and speculative exercise.
B) Accurate threat prediction can be accomplished with the proper application of technological innovations.
C) Experts are very adept at projecting accurate threat scenarios.
D) Both "accurate threat prediction can be accomplished with the proper application of technological innovations" and "experts are very adept at projecting accurate threat scenarios."
Q2) Terrorists have proven to adapt to counterterrorist measures in creative ways.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The threat from right-wing terrorism has disappeared in Europe and the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How will governments counter terrorist financial operations in the near future?
Q5) What is the future of the violent right in Western democracies and the United States?
Q6) Describe the threat from exotic technologies.
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