Criminology Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the societal responses to crime and deviance. This course explores theories that attempt to explain the nature and causes of criminal conduct, the patterns and trends of offending, and the processes by which society defines, prevents, and controls crime. Students will examine the roles of law enforcement, the judicial system, and correctional institutions, while also considering the impacts of social, economic, and cultural factors on criminal justice policies. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the course encourages critical analysis of contemporary issues such as victimology, white-collar crime, juvenile delinquency, and crime prevention strategies.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 10th Edition by Curtis R. Bartol
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychological criminology recently shifted its focus to a more _____ and _____ approach to the study of criminal behavior.
A) forensic; scientific
B) trait-focused; instrumental
C) personality; biological
D) cognitive; developmental
E) sociological; psychiatric
Answer: D
Q2) Psychological criminology focuses on how individual criminal behavior is:
A) acquired.
B) evoked.
C) maintained.
D) a and c only.
E) all of the above.
Answer: E
Q3) The great majority of crime in the United States and other countries is neither serious nor violent.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) When parents see an unusually large number of minor problems in their children as problematic, and then resort to authoritarian strategies to deal with the problems, it is called the:
A) authoritarian approach.
B) authoritative style.
C) enmeshed style.
D) permissive practice approach.
E) neglecting approach.
Answer: C
Q2) Several studies have found a strong association between animal cruelty and violent behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Children from lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be represented in crime statistics as opposed to those from higher socioeconomic status.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term dizygotic twins is synonymous with:
A) fraternal twins.
B) identical twins.
C) dichorionic.
D) unifertilization.
E) none of the above.
Answer: A
Q2) Most contemporary biopsychologists believe:
A) genetic and neuropsychological variables play a part in criminal behavior.
B) genetic components are the sole causal agents of human behavior.
C) understanding the social environment is irrelevant in studying criminal behavior.
D) criminal behavior is an evolutionary throwback to an earlier stage in the evolution of man.
E) antisocial behavior is explained by somatyping.
Answer: A
Q3) Compare and contrast behavior and molecular genetics.
Answer: NOT ANSWERED
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Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational
Factors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the frustration-induced theory of criminality, individuals who commit larceny during riots are motivated by revenge.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Increasing behavior by avoiding an unpleasant stimulus is referred to as punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Summarize Sutherland's differential association theory.
Q4) Which of the following conclusions is supported by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?
A) Situational variables are powerful determinants of behavior.
B) An individual's personality is more important than situational factors in determining behavior.
C) Most people remain true to their principles, even when put into psychologically compelling situations.
D) People do not easily become deindividuated.
E) One's spiritual beliefs largely determine behavior.
Q5) Describe Zimbardo's prison experimen
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tendency to attack space violators is referred to as:
A) territoriality.
B) hydraulic model of aggression.
C) passive violence.
D) animality.
E) instinctual violence.
Q2) Which statement most accurately reflects research findings on gender differences in aggression?
A) Boys are generally more aggressive than girls.
B) Gender differences in aggression are primarily due to biology.
C) Gender differences are due to cultural and socialization processes that promote different kinds of aggression.
D) Girls are more aggressive than boys during the pre-school years only.
E) Boys are more overtly aggressive than girls during the pre-school years, then aggression rapidly decreases.
Q3) Compare and contrast the cognitive scripts model and the hostile attribution model.
Q4) Elaborate on the sentence: Aggression is a simple, direct method of solving immediate conflicts.
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on _____, whereas Moffit's Developmental Theory emphasizes _____.
A) parenting; characteristics of the child
B) violent offenses; status offenses
C) boys' delinquency; girls' delinquency
D) treatment; prevention
E) developmental trajectories; societal influences
Q2) Define (1) legal delinquency, (2) social delinquency, and (3) psychological delinquency.
Q3) The age at which an individual is no longer considered a juvenile offender:
A) is 16.
B) varies from state to state.
C) is 17.
D) is 18.
E) ranges from 5 to 13.
Q4) Compare and contrast Moffitt's Developmental Theory with Patterson's Coercion Theory.
Q5) Provide a brief history of juvenile justice, including the date of its origin in the United States.
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary psychopath is:
A) usually neurotic.
B) a violent criminal.
C) usually violent and destructive.
D) usually highly emotional.
E) a true psychopath.
Q2) Primary psychopaths who engage in repetitive antisocial behavior are called ___ psychopaths.
A) heinous
B) criminal
C) secondary
D) callous
E) typical
Q3) The childhood of the psychopath is often characterized by:
A) hyperactivity.
B) cruelty to animals.
C) enuresis.
D) fire setting.
E) poor school performance.
Q4) Compare and contrast the terms sociopath and psychopath.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following standards or rules to determine insanity are or have been represented in various state or federal legal systems except the:
A) Dayton Rule.
B) M'Naghten Rule.
C) Brawner Rule.
D) Product Test.
E) Durham Rule.
Q2) State the key ruling in each of the following court decisions: Jones v. U.S., Tarasoff v. Regents of California, and Sell v. U.S.
Q3) The most common result of a PTSD defense has been one of:
A) diminished responsibility.
B) guilty, but mentally ill.
C) not guilty by reason of insanity.
D) incompetent to stand trial.
E) guilty
Q4) Adjudicative competence is now the standard term for not guilty by reason of insanity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) Compare and contrast Shaken Baby Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy as specific forms of child abuse.
Q2) Describe the dynamic cascade model? Provide of an illustration of how this model explains violent behavior across childhood, adolescence and beyond.
Q3) Define the availability heuristic? How might it account for our perception of violence?
Q4) Neonaticide refers to the killing of:
A) an infant.
B) a child older than 24 hours.
C) a child within the first 24 hours after birth.
D) a child by the mother.
E) a fetus.
Q5) There is strong research evidence that women who kill their children are emotionally detached from their offspring.
A)True B)False
Q6) Studies of homicide have shown that murderers rarely know their victims.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace Violence
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Q1) A serial violent offender who does not specifically search for victims is using which one of which one of Rossmo's four hunting patterns?
A) Poacher
B) Scavenger
C) Trapper
D) Hunter
E) Troller
Q2) According to La Fon (2002), the two basic types of psychological autopsies are:
A) suicide and equivocal death.
B) empirical and anecdotal.
C) compensatory and reconstructive.
D) testimonial and random
E) aggressive and non-aggressive
Q3) The modus operandi:
A) is an unusual pattern that is not necessary to commit the offense.
B) refers to the procedures an offender engages in to successfully commit a crime.
C) is a consistent, unchanging behavior the offender uses across all crimes.
D) is a crucial link investigators must focus on when linking crimes.
E) all of the above.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Q1) Which of the following is not included in Marsella's (2004) definition of terrorism?
A) It is a recent phenomenon.
B) It involves the use of force or violence.
C) It is performed by individuals or groups.
D) Its intention is to instill fear.
E) It is used as a means of coercing individuals or groups to change social positions.
Q2) The majority of terrorist attacks that occur in the U.S. have been carried out by:
A) former military personnel.
B) international terrorist organizations.
C) al-Qaeda.
D) anti-abortionists.
E) lone wolves.
Q3) List and describe briefly the characteristics of lone wolf-terrorists. Provide an example.
Q4) What affect has globalization had on a) the incidence of terrorism and b) the power of terrorist organizations?
Q5) Describe the process of becoming a terrorist.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attempting to reason with the attacker often reduces physical injury during rape.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not a provision of the Adam Walsh Child Protection Act?
A) Establishment of a national database system for reporting by states
B) Increased penalties for sex trafficking of children
C) Tier 3 offenders must update their location every three months for the rest of their lives.
D) Tier 1 and Tier 2 must update their location every three months for 3 years.
E) Failure to register and update whereabouts is a federal felony.
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the four primary motivations of rapists outlined in the revised MTC:R3 classification scheme?
A) Sexual gratification
B) Pervasive anger
C) Pervasive hatred
D) Opportunity
E) Vindictiveness
Q4) Explain the Knight and Knight-Sims three-path model.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth and Other
Sexual Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following treatment approaches, which has shown the most promise in the overall treatment of sexual offenders?
A) Behavior modification
B) Reality therapy
C) Implosive therapy
D) relapse prevention
E) psychoeducational counseling
Q2) Clinical studies have found that _____ may have been an integral part in the development of both normal and deviant sexual behavior.
A) an embarrassing early sexual experience
B) masturbatory conditioning
C) adequate communication skills with members of the opposite sex
D) poor relationship with parent of the opposite sex
E) sexual fantasy
Q3) Describe the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of child molesters.
Q4) Outline the demographic and psychological characteristics of child molesters.
Q5) Compare and contrast effective treatment for juvenile sex offenders and adult sex offenders.
Q6) Briefly describe the Groth classification model of child molesters.
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Chapter 14: Property and Public Order Crime
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Q1) Subversion techniques are often used by professional burglars to convince themselves that their behavior was not truly criminal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A situation in which a shoplifter follows someone else's orders in committing the crime is referred to as:
A) vicarious gratification.
B) neutralization.
C) shoplifting by proxy.
D) softlifting.
E) coercive crime.
Q3) Which statement is true of kleptomania?
A) It is highly prevalent among female shoplifters.
B) It is highly prevalent among male shoplifters.
C) It has not been strongly substantiated by the available research.
D) It is a disease specific to Caucasian females over age forty.
E) It is a manifestation of childhood trauma.
Q4) Compare and contrast motor vehicle theft and carjacking.
Q5) Discuss the conceptual difficulty in defining white collar crime.
Q6) Explain why children in foster care may be easy targets for identity theft.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime and Crimes of
Initimidation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary motive for juvenile arsons appears to be:
A) parental revenge.
B) crime concealment.
C) financial gain.
D) vandalism.
E) fame.
Q2) The Stockholm syndrome is a rare occurrence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the differences between instrumental and expressive hostage taking.
Q4) In hostage-taking situations, those hostages who, after release, have considerable difficulty dealing with the after-effects of the incident are called:
A) survivors.
B) pseudo-victims.
C) masked depressed survivors.
D) Maslach burnouts.
E) succumbers.
Q5) The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports considers arson a violent crime. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, juveniles who occasionally sell drugs to friends frequently become involved in serious delinquency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Arrestees Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM) collects data through:
A) urinalysis of arrestees and self-report data.
B) autopsies.
C) local and federal police reports.
D) the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
E) prisons and treatment centers.
Q3) Research overwhelmingly suggests that drug use is a major cause of violent crime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Heroin is usually classified as a:
A) semi-synthetic narcotic.
B) synthetic narcotic.
C) pseudo-narcotic.
D) polymorphous substance.
E) natural narcotic.
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