Criminology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. This course examines the causes and consequences of crime, drawing on sociological, psychological, and legal perspectives to analyze why individuals and groups engage in criminal activities. Students will explore key criminological theories, patterns of criminal activity, the role of law enforcement, the court system, corrections, and issues surrounding crime prevention. The course also considers the impact of social factors, such as class, race, and gender, on crime and the justice system, while encouraging critical thinking about policy responses and reforms.
Recommended Textbook
Juvenile Justice The Essentials 1st Edition by Richard
A. Lawrence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
14 Chapters
598 Verified Questions
598 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1530 Page 2
Chapter 1: Defining and Measuring Juvenile Dleinquency
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30262
Sample Questions
Q1) A "Delinquent Child" is defined as:
A) A child who has violated any state or local law.
B) A child who has violated any federal law.
C) A child who has violated any state or local law; a federal law or law of another state; or who has escaped from confinement in a local or state correctional facility.
D) None of the Above
Answer: C
Q2) Juvenile arrests disproportionately involve minorities.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Youths between the ages of 7 and 17 are about as likely to be victims of suicide as they are to be victims of homicide.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The History of Juvenile Justice
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30263
Sample Questions
Q1) The primary purpose of the juvenile justice system was:
A) Retribution
B) Punishment
C) Incarceration
D) Rehabilitation
Answer: D
Q2) According to Platt the child savers' primary concern was to discipline and train youth to enter the labor force and support the growth of corporate capitalism in America.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following is not a reason for differences between adult and juvenile systems:
A) Diminished youthful offender accountability
B) Diminished youthful offender legal understanding
C) Youth are under age 18
D) Youths greater amenability to treatment
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Causes of Delinquency: Rational Choice and Individual
Explanations
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30264
Sample Questions
Q1) Moral development theories of delinquency focus on how children learn social rules and make judgments on the basis of those rules.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Critics of classical theory question the degree to which criminal behavior is:
A) Always rotten
B) Always rational
C) Always rational and intelligent
D) Always rational and a process of free will.
Answer: D
Q3) The logical response to crime as a rational behavior is tougher punishment as a deterrent.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Sociological Explanations of Delinquency
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30265
Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Agnew identified three sources of strain in his general strain theory. What are they?
A) Failure to achieve positively valued goals; removal of positively valued stimuli; presentation of negative stimuli.
B) The ability to achieve positively valued goals; securing positively valued stimuli; avoidance of negative stimuli.
C) The inability to achieve; securing necessities; avoidance of negative stimuli.
D) Failure to achieve positively valued goals; removal of self-esteem; acceptance of negative stimuli.
Q2) The primary assumption of the "labeling theory" is that repeated delinquent behavior is "caused" by society's reaction to minor deviant behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The "conflict" or "critical" theory focuses on individual characteristics and criminal tendencies of offenders.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Correlates and Causes of Delinquency
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46 Verified Questions
46 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30266
Sample Questions
Q1) Child abuse and neglect refer to physical abuse and failure to care properly for children's development and emotional well-being.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research has shown that there is clearly a relationship between school dropout and delinquency. Dropout is always the cause of delinquency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Brown(2004) reported that levels of delinquency were greatest among adolescents living in single-father families.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The quality of the parent-child relationship has been shown to be more important than the family structure in the home.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are public schools, especially middle schools, among the best resources for preventing and intervening early youth gang problems?
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Chapter 6: Police and Juvenile Offenders
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30267
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sanctions is considered preferable for many first-time offenders and troubled youth:
A) Questioning, warning, and release in the community
B) Referral to a Diversion Agency
C) Station Adjustment
D) Taking to a Detention Center or Shelter Home
Q2) Which of the following describes the sanction given when police release and refer a juvenile to a youth service bureau(YSB), Big Brother/Big Sister program, runaway center, or a mental health agency:
A) Questioning, warning, and release in the community
B) Station Adjustment
C) Referral to a Diversion Agency
D) Taking to a Detention Center or Shelter Home
Q3) Which of the following is not an example of the service function of police:
A) Delivering a baby
B) Calling a tow truck
C) Transporting abandoned or neglected children
D) Suspect interrogation
Q4) Describe the three functions of police officers and give examples of each.
Q5) Explain police discretion and the problems with discretion and race.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Due Process and Juveniles Rights
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44 Verified Questions
44 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30268
Sample Questions
Q1) "Procedural due process" refers to the objectives and appropriateness of legal interventions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The requirements of the Miranda warning are different for juveniles than adults due to the fact that juveniles would rather seek advice from someone they feel confident with, such as a close friend.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The juvenile's background, and the need for and amenability to treatment are considered more important than the actual offense in making the final case decisions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) U.S. Supreme Court cases
A) Have had little effect on juvenile processes in most states
B) Have changed the purposes of juvenile courts across the U.S.
C) Made immediate changes in juvenile courts across the U.S.
D) None of the above
Q5) How does the Miranda warning affect the arrest and questioning of juveniles?
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Chapter 8: Juvenile Detention and Court Intake
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30269
Sample Questions
Q1) The traditional philosophy of the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation. It has been replaced by
A) Retribution
B) Just Deserts
C) Recreation
D) Punishment
Q2) Predisposition reports have traditionally included information on which of the following:
A) Juvenile's childhood and family background
B) Educational progress
C) Prior arrest and court records
D) All of the above
Q3) Under the _______ philosophy of the juvenile justice system, the goal of probation is to divert minor juvenile offenders from processing through the juvenile court, and refer them to other agencies for short-term intervention and guidance.
A) "Rehabilitative"
B) "Least restrictive"
C) "Medical model"
D) "Best interests of the child"
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Transfer to Criminal Court
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30270
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe 3 of the 7 reasons that youth deserve to be treated as less culpable.
Q2) The stated purpose(s) of most juvenile waiver and transfer laws focus on
A) Public safety
B) Reduction of serious crimes by juveniles
C) Punishing young offenders.
D) All of the above
Q3) Under which transfer process does the juvenile court judge have the authority to waive juvenile court jurisdiction and transfer a case to the criminal court?
A) Concurrent jurisdiction
B) Judicial waiver
C) Statutory exclusion
D) Direct file
Q4) "Once an adult, always an adult" provisions require criminal prosecution for all subsequent offenses committed by the juvenile.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the difference between mandatory waiver and statutory exclusion.
Q6) Explain the criticisms of prosecutorial waiver.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Juvenile Court Process
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30271
Sample Questions
Q1) Juveniles younger than 16 at referral accounted for _______ of the delinquency cases processed in 2002.
A) Less than 50%
B) More than 50%
C) More than 75%
D) Less than 10%
Q2) Juveniles in every state are allowed to waive their right to counsel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The original juvenile courts were informal and non-adversarial proceedings and therefore typically did not have prosecuting attorneys to present the evidence against the juvenile offender in court.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In an EJJ proceeding, the youth is given both a juvenile court disposition and an adult sentence; but the adult sentence is stayed or suspended, while the juvenile court disposition is implemented.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Juvenile Corrections: Institutional and Residental
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30272
Sample Questions
Q1) Public facilities house most of the juvenile offenders adjudicated for person offences such as
A) Homicide and Robbery
B) Aggravated assault
C) Weapons Charges
D) All of the Above
Q2) For offences such as drug offences(other than trafficking), the public facility population __________ but the private facility population ____________.
A) Increased; Decreased
B) Decreased; Increased
C) Stabilized; Increased
D) None of the Above
Q3) Discuss the issues that a disproportionate minority confinement creates in juvenile corrections.
Q4) Wilderness camps are also known as "outward bound."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly discuss the future trends in juvenile corrections.
Q6) Briefly discuss the effectiveness of juvenile corrections.
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Chapter 12: Juvenile Pobation and Community Corrections
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30273
Sample Questions
Q1) Juveniles are placed on probation supervision in the community under what condition?
A) They will follow specified court orders.
B) Thy will follow their probation officers orders.
C) They will not commit any more crimes.
D) None of the Above
Q2) A new problem-solving approach from probation and parole officer engaged in environmental corrections will lessen their responsibilities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is<b> not </b>an advantage of probation that community corrections experts have counted criticism with?
A) Reintegration of offenders in the community while under court orders and supervision.
B) Furthering the Goals of Justice and protecting the community from further delinquent behavior.
C) Monitoring probation conditions and providing services to help change offenders and meet probation objectives.
D) All of the Above
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14
Chapter 13: Restorative Justice
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30274
Sample Questions
Q1) There are not parallels between restorative justice and the rehabilitative juvenile court.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is not clear what the specific procedures are by which restorative programs can accomplish the goals of restoring victims.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Restorative justice is also limited to cases in which those identified as offenders voluntarily agree to participate in their treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Through ___________ and _______________ ____________, offenders are required to make amends to victims and the community.
A) Restitution; Community service
B) Prison time; Community service
C) Restitution; Prison time
D) None of the Above.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Future of Juvenile Justice
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/30275
Sample Questions
Q1) The "juvenile crime waive" was during what decade interval?
A) 1954 to 1964
B) 1964 to 1974
C) 1974 to 1984
D) 1984 to 1994
Q2) Private juvenile treatment programs often provide better services in residential settings that are more _____________ and less ____________.
A) Serious; institutional
B) Serious; liberal
C) Focused; punitive
D) Humane; institutional
Q3) Describe the shift between "law-and-order" and "get-tough."
Q4) Diversion programs, which were implemented in cities throughout the United States, have diverted many youth from what?
A) Being abused by other juvenile delinquents in a detention center.
B) Being subjected to a Juvenile Training School.
C) Being processed through formal juvenile court.
D) All of the Above
Q5) Discuss the many social factors that have an impact on juvenile justice.
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