Criminal Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Criminal Psychology explores the psychological factors that drive individuals to commit crimes, examining theories of criminal behavior, personality disorders, and the social and environmental influences on offending. Students will study the profiles of various types of offenders, the processes of criminal investigation and assessment, and the application of psychological principles in law enforcement and the justice system. The course also covers topics such as eyewitness testimony, risk assessment, criminal profiling, and rehabilitation, providing a comprehensive understanding of how psychology informs the prevention and management of crime.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective 2nd Edition by Shelley Brown
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14 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime in Canada Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to a sociological approach,one of the unique benefits of using a psychological approach to studying crime is that:
A)it explains how variables that affect a large number of people influence criminal behaviour
B)it provides insight into the motivations of offenders
C)it accounts for heterogeneity in offending behaviours within groups
D)it is based on scientific research
Answer: C
Q2) Offenders comprise a homogeneous group.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The majority of crimes reflect ordinary individuals dealing with ordinary problems.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the neuroimaging and neuropsychological approaches to explaining crime,as well as the main findings of research that study these approaches.
Answer: Neuroimaging research examines both the structure and function of the brain directly using specialized equipment.Typically,the brains of known offenders (e.g.,violent offenders,sexual offenders) are compared with brains of a comparison group (e.g.,those without a criminal record generally,offenders who do not commit sexual crimes specifically),sometimes while participants are completing a task.This research has found that antisocial individuals tend to have impairments in the prefrontal lobe of the brain.In particular,the impaired areas within that lobe are responsible for emotional processing,decision-making,impulse control,and cognitive flexibility.Conversely,neuropsychology studies brain function indirectly.Neuropsychological tests include paper and pencil and/or motor tasks that are used to diagnose deficits in brain function.Most neuropsychology tasks tap into executive functioning capabilities.Though there is some disagreement in the literature,a meta-analysis by Morgan and Lilienfeld (2000) found that deficits in executive functions are higher in antisocial individuals than non-antisocial individuals.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Learning and Environment Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of using punishment as an effective strategy for either increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour,the three factors that are important to consider are:
A)immediacy,random feedback,and intensity
B)immediacy,consistency and intensity
C)reinforcement,feedback and intensity
D)location,consistency and immediacy
Answer: B
Q2) In Eysenck's biosocial theory of crime,the degree to which people learn from environmental stimuli,such as parental discipline,is determined differences in:
A)parenting style
B)functioning of the nervous system
C)their ability to learn from siblings
D)intellectual capacity
Answer: B
Q3) The ego attempts to mediate between one's primal needs and society's demands.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) General deterrence does not reduce crime in that longer sentences and incarceration are not highly related to recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the concept of restorative justice (RJ) and the main features of RJ programs.
Q3) Overall,restorative justice programs are ineffective across multiple measures and do not prove to be an effective alternative to incarceration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Effective correctional practice must be informed by:
A)talking with offenders
B)theory and evidence
C)principles of classical conditioning
D)principles of operant conditioning
Q5) Describe the four generations of risk assessments as proposed by Bonta (1996).
Q6) Outline the five types of restorative justice approaches..
Q7) Identify and describe Hanson and Morton-Bourgon 's (2009) five-category classification of risk assessment tools.
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Chapter 5: Adolescent Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When examining the trajectory to adult offending,a clear pattern found is that:
A)early onset of antisocial behaviour is linked to more serious and persistent antisocial behaviour later in life
B)early onset of antisocial behaviour is not linked to more serious and persistent antisocial behaviour later in life
C)early onset of antisocial behaviour is a far more common occurrence than late onset antisocial behaviour
D)most young children with behavioural difficulties go on to become adult offenders
Q2) Two of the five main correlates of delinquency for male and female youth are:
A)permissive parenting and poor school attendance
B)negative school attachment and divorced parents
C)inconsistent or inadequate parenting and antisocial peer involvement
D)aggression and personality disorders
Q3) Proactive aggressive youth are likely to have deficiencies in generating alternate responses and often choose an aggressive response.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What community influences are factors in adolescent offending?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Economically Motivated Offenders Psychology
of Criminal Behaviour
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with controls,convicted white-collar criminals tend to:
A)be more hedonistic and narcissistic,and have less self-control
B)less hedonistic and conscientious,with less self-control
C)have lower integrity,be less conscientious but have more self-control
D)have equal likelihood of giving in to temptation,but are hedonistic by nature
Q2) Since 2009,Employment and Social Development Canada (2015) has revealed that victimization rates for personal property crimes have:
A)increased
B)remained stable
C)decreased
D)varied widely
Q3) Describe the four principles of PEERS,an organization in Victoria,BC formed by sex trade workers to address issues faced by women who work in the sex trade.
Q4) Men who engage in the use of prostitution are a uniform group with similar backgrounds and motivations for seeking to purchase sexual services.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the two broad types of white collar crime.
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Chapter 7: Substance Abusing Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The self-medication model argues that individuals start using drugs to cope with stress and trauma,but eventually drugs become the source of the problem.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person who is genetically predisposed to drug use will inevitably develop a substance abuse problem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The relationship between substance abuse and crime is direct and causal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There is growing public support for both the decriminalization and legalization of marijuana in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Mitchell,Wilson,and Mackenzie (2006) conducted a meta-analysis of research on corrections-based substance abuse programming.Explain their methodology and findings.
Q6) Describe the Disease Model of addiction to substances.
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Chapter 8: Violent Offending Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Effect sizes for violent recidivism are highest for treatments where offenders are assigned homework and engage in role playing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Common characteristics associated with higher rates of violent victimization are:
A)being older,being married,being Caucasian,and living in rural areas.
B)being young,being married,being Black,and living in suburban areas
C)being older,being single,being Aboriginal and living in suburban areas.
D)being young,being single,being Aboriginal,and living in cities.
Q3) Describe a risk assessment tool used to estimate risk for violent terrorist attacks.
Q4) Explain violent recidivism rates in Canada.
Q5) Researchers of violent offending can often draw stronger conclusions when they all use different methodological approaches and consider the evidence from all of these studies together.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the offence characteristics of violence in Canada.
Q7) Outline the four types of homicide identified in the Canadian Criminal Code.
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Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The World Health Organization (2013) has concluded that intimate partner violence is linked to physical,sexual,reproductive,mental health disorders in victims and their children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is more likely that a person who has a mental disorder is going to be a perpetrator of intimate partner violence than a victim of intimate partner violence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the patriarchal and social learning theories of intimate violence.
Q4) One of the reasons why intimate partner violence is worthy of study is that it differs from other types of violence because it is usually perpetrated by strangers.
A)True B)False
Q5) The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) has become the dominant instrument for assessing violence among dating and cohabitating partners.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Mentally Disordered Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stigma of mental illness has been identified as a barrier to the reintegration of mentally-ill offenders into the community upon release from prison.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the suggestions made about standard education and training for police forces when dealing with persons with mental illness made by Cotton and Coleman (2008),as well as Brink et al.'s (2011) findings about how persons with mental illness view police training.
Q3) There are high rates of mental disorders in Canadian prisons relative to the community.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following are risk assessment tools used to predict violent recidivism in mentally-ill offenders except:
a.The HCR-20
b.The START
c.The SAVRY
d.The SAPROF
Q5) Explain the DSM and its usage.
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Chapter 11: Psychopathic Offenders Psychology of Criminal
Behaviour
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A limitation of using neuroimaging procedures to understand psychopathy is:
A)the techniques used to map brain areas are not very precise
B)it promotes the idea that a psychopath's behaviour can never change if it is biologically based
C)psychopaths are able to regulate their brain activity during such procedures if they wish to fool the assessor
D)decreased activation in individual brain areas cannot be automatically associated with abnormal brain function
Q2) What is the association between psychopathy and recidivism?
Q3) When looking at the Risk-Needs-Responsivity model,psychopathy has implications for the risk,needs,and responsivity principles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the DSM-5,psychopathy is referred to as:
A)Sociopathy
B)Antisocial Personality Disorder
C)Criminal Personality Disorder
D)Psychosis
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Q5) Describe how developmental psychologists explain the origins of psychopathy.
Chapter 12: Sexual Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on cognitive distortions in sexual offenders has concluded that they:
A)are more likely than non-sexual offenders to hold rape myths,and that changes in these beliefs result in changes in recidivism
B)are more likely than non-sexual offenders to hold rape myths,but that changes in these beliefs are not related to changes in recidivism
C)commit different types of sexual offences depending on the types of rape myths that they believe
D)commit various sexual offences regardless of the types of rape myths that they believe
Q2) One of the top predictors of sexual recidivism is:
A)intimacy deficits
B)anxiety level
C)antisocial orientation
D)sexual deviancy
Q3) Explain why it is important to consider dynamic risk factors for sex offending.
Q4) The terms pedophile and child molester can be used interchangeably.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) What is the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual offending?
Chapter 13: Female Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the three broad approaches to risk assessment for female offenders.
Q2) Describe the limitations of the first theories of female offending.
Q3) Women's violence is more likely to be directed at intimate partners than with males.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Andrews and Bonta's (2006) PIC-R model,belonging to an economically and socially disadvantaged class is one of the most powerful risk factors in predicting criminal behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If you were concerned with the "over-classification" of women and want to reduce the number of women assigned to the highest level of secure custody,you would be advised to use:
A)the SRSW classification tool
B)professional judgment
C)a gender-neutral risk instrument
D)statistical-based approaches
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Q6) Explain the conclusions of the research collectively known as feminist pathways research.
Chapter 14: Aboriginal Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Search of Your Warrior (ISOYW) is best described as
A)a crime prevention program targeting female Aboriginal youth
B)an individual-based violence prevention program involving one-on-one mentorship between an elder and an offender
C)group-based,high-intensity violence prevention program for male Aboriginal offenders
D)a community-based restorative justice program
Q2) Bill C-41,section 718.2(e),introduced by Parliament in 1996,has changed:
A)sentencing practices for Aboriginal offenders
B)policing policies for First Nations communities
C)the types of crimes that people of Aboriginal heritage can be charged with D)the levels of secure custody that can be used with people of Aboriginal heritage
Q3) Aboriginal-specific risk assessment tools are specifically designed to guide management of an offender and are not designed to assess recidivism risk.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the Y?kw't?l and explain how it differs from other types of risk assessment instruments.
Page 16
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