Course Introduction
Criminal Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Criminal Psychology explores the psychological underpinnings of criminal behavior, examining the motives, personality traits, and environmental factors that contribute to individuals engaging in unlawful acts. This course introduces students to key theories in criminal behavior, the process of offender profiling, and the role psychology plays in investigations and the justice system. Students will analyze case studies, learn about mental disorders common among offenders, and discuss rehabilitation and prevention strategies, gaining critical insights into the intersection of psychology, crime, and law enforcement.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 11th Edition Curt R. Bartol
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Belief in a(n)________ just-world is associated with less compassion for others and a derogation of victims of crime.
Answer: general
Q2) In general,individuals sentenced to prison accurately represent the "true" criminal population.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Social control theory is an example of
A) the conformity perspective.
B) the confirmation perspective.
C) Merton's strain perspective.
D) the nonconformist perspective.
Answer: D
Q4) With the exception of substance abuse,studies of self-reported criminal activity are conducted primarily with adults who are ________.
Answer: incarcerated
Q5) Truancy and running away are examples of ________ offenses.
Answer: status
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Q1) Diana Baumrind's four parental styles include authoritarian,permissive,authoritative,and ________.
Answer: neglecting
Q2) The developmental perspective views the life course of all humans as following a ________ that may be littered with risk factors.
Answer: path; or trajectory
Q3) According to researcher Virginia Douglas (2004),which problem is central to children with ADHD?
A) Lead toxicity
B) Lack of understanding
C) Self-regulation
D) Impaired intellectual functioning
Answer: C
Q4) Parental alcoholism and depression elevate a child's risk of engaging in antisocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Q1) Research has consistently suggested that the neurotransmitter ________ may play the most significant role in aggression and violence.
Answer: serotonin
Q2) Which statement most accurately summarizes findings on twin and adoption studies?
A) One's environment significantly impacts the frequency and severity of criminal behavior.
B) Genetic factors have little impact on antisocial behavior.
C) The environment in which a child is raised has little impact on the likelihood of antisocial behavior.
D) Genes may influence one's susceptibility or resistance to environmental risk factors.
E) Genes do not significantly impact one's susceptibility to environmental risk factors.
Answer: D
Q3) Most developmental experts today believe that temperament has ________ underpinnings that are best identified at birth.
Answer: biological
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5
Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational
Factors
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Q1) For most people,becoming part of a group promotes feelings of anonymity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Akers' theory,groups tend to adopt certain rules of conduct concerning what is bad,right or wrong,justified or unjustified.These group attitudes are called
A) discriminative stimuli.
B) ecological norms.
C) normative definitions.
D) neutralizing stimuli.
Q3) Which behavioral scientist maintains that human behavior,including criminal behavior,is acquired primarily through observational learning or modeling?
A) Julian Rotter
B) Albert Bandura
C) Ronald Akers
D) John Watson
Q4) B.F.Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
Q5) Watson frequently declared that psychology was the ________ of behavior.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Q1) Aggressive behavior is always criminal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Researchers have found evidence that positive ________ models are likely to override violent models on television.
Q3) Konrad Lorenz believed that a principle purpose of aggression in animals is to
A) keep the species population down to a survival .
B) kill other species.
C) defend and protect "staked out" territory.
D) demonstrate which species is the most powerful and controlling.
Q4) GAM posits that violence often occurs because of a(n)________ cycle,which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign.
Q5) What do Edinboro,Pennsylvania,Fayetteville,Tennessee,and Jonesboro,Arkansas have in common?
A) They are all locations of school-shooter copycats.
B) They are all locations of road range incidents.
C) They are all locations of terror attacks.
D) They are all locations of media-induced violent attacks.
Q6) According to Bandura's the mass media are examples of ________ models.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquincy
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Q1) Psychological definitions of delinquency usually include
A) conduct disorder and antisocial behavior.
B) habitual behavior and violent behavior.
C) cruelty to animals and fire setting.
D) status offenses and antisocial behavior.
Q2) Moffitt's theory was formed primarily on the ________ trajectories of males.
Q3) Youthful offenders are processed in ________ courts,but sentencing options are typically more lenient for them.
Q4) Which type of prevention consists of working with children and adolescents who demonstrate some early signs of aggressive,antisocial,conduct disorder,or delinquent behavior but have not yet been formally classified as delinquent?
A) Primary
B) Multisystemic
C) Tertiary
D) Secondary
Q5) Why is it so difficult to gather complete data on the national incidence of juvenile delinquency?
Q6) Compare and contrast Moffitt's Developmental Theory with Patterson's Coercion Theory.
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Q1) From the research on the PCL,it has become clear that psychopathy is ________ in nature.
Q2) Which individual was not mentioned in the chapter as a likely example of a psychopath?
A) Faye Ellen Simpson
B) Ferdinand Waldo Demara Jr.
C) Charles Manson
D) Hannibal Lechter
Q3) Which of the following statements about juvenile psychopathy is correct?
A) There are no instruments available for measuring juvenile psychopathy.
B) Juvenile psychopathy as a construct clearly does not exist.
C) Some researchers are concerned about the negative implications of labeling juveniles as psychopaths.
D) Juvenile psychopaths display behavior identical to that of adult psychopaths.
E) Juvenile psychopathy is correlated with sexual aggression.
Q4) According to Quay,psychopaths behave the way they do because they
A) haven't learned consequences of their behavior.
B) do not receive the full impact of sensations from the environment.
C) have learned the behavior from watching others.
D) do not interact with their environment.
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Q1) Some states supplement the ________ with the "irresistible impulse test."
A) M'Naghten Rule
B) Brawner Rule
C) ALI Rule
D) Durham Rule
E) NGRI
Q2) Schizophrenia typically begins ________ in life.
Q3) Structured professional judgment is also referred to as structured ________ judgment.
Q4) Mental illness is manifested in behavior that ________ notably from normal conduct.
Q5) Most contemporary research indicates that the percentage of mentally disordered inmates in the nation's jails and prisons is ________.
Q6) Whose trial generated so much public outcry that Congress passed the Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984?
A) Ted Bundy's
B) John Hinckley's
C) The BTK Killer's
D) O.J. Simpson's
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) Much of the data on runaway,abducted,or thrownaway youth are reported in
A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) MAPS
C) Child Abuse: Taking a Stand
D) NISMART
Q2) From a psychological perspective,it is often difficult to separate ________ and aggravated assault.
Q3) List and describe the four categories of homicide generated by Roberts,Zgoba,and Shahidullah (2007).
Q4) Families that are characterized by continuous cycles of physical aggression and violence inside the family are called
A) multiassaultive.
B) genetically imbalanced.
C) multiaggressive.
D) maladaptively violent.
Q5) There is strong research evidence that women who kill their children are emotionally detached from their offspring.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Q1) Which worker would be least at risk for Type I workplace violence?
A) Sandy, who works 6 p.m. until closing at the Burger King counter.
B) David, who works the midnight shift at the Mobil Station.
C) Gretchen, who works 3-11 p.m. as a nursing assistant at the hospital.
D) Al, who owns his own liquor store and often works alone 3 p.m.- midnight.
Q2) Elaborate on the usefulness of organized,disorganized,and mixed crime scene classification.
Q3) The majority of mass murderers plan to die at the crime scene.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The primary difference between what qualifies as serial murders and what qualifies as mass murders is
A) premeditation.
B) the selection of victims.
C) a cooling-off period.
D) the number of victims.
Q5) Explain the concern with the term profiling.Include two flaws in modern profiling that were discussed in the text.
Q7) Geographic profiling focuses on the ________ of the crime. Page 12
Q6) Classic murders also may be called ________ mass murders.
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Q1) Highly violent antiabortion activists are placed in which one of the FBI terrorists groups?
A) Radical misogynists
B) Religious radicals
C) Psychologically motivated terrorists
D) Special interest extremists
Q2) Research shows that an aggressive military approach is the most effective method of ending international terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Terrorists may view their actions as stemming from the dictates of authorities and leaders rather than from their own personal responsibility.This process is called
A) dehumanization.
B) deindividuation.
C) dichotomy of the identity.
D) displacement of responsibility.
Q4) By definition,an individual who terrorizes is a terrorist.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Q1) In 1970,marital rape was legal in all 50 states.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Rape ________ and misogynistic attitudes appear to play a major role in sexual assault of women.
Q3) The category of sexual aggression in which the offender becomes sexually aroused by physical or psychological brutality is called
A) eroticized aggression.
B) expressive sexual aggression.
C) coercive sexual aggression.
D) instrumental sexual aggression.
Q4) Which of the following is a dynamic risk factor?
A) Substance abuse
B) Past crimes
C) Childhood lead exposure
D) Birth order
Q5) Data from the NCVS indicate that most rape or sexual assault victimizations (55%)occurred at or near the victim's ________.
Q6) Describe three of the rape myths discussed in the chapter.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth
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Q1) Which question is a key of child pornography research?
A) Do those involved in child pornography have legitimate access to the child?
B) Is child pornography a crime?
C) Are the victims of child pornography harmed?
D) Do those persons interested in child pornography online also seek physical sexual contact with children?
Q2) Research suggests that women almost always commit sex offenses against male victims.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Vandiver and Ketcher's (2004)found that the smallest and oldest group of female sex offenders were the
A) young adult child exploiters.
B) female sexual predators.
C) aggressive homosexual offenders.
D) heterosexual nurturers.
Q4) Given the information provided in the chapter,describe a program that you believe would reduce recidivism rates for juvenile child sex offenders.Which factors would you target?
Q5) Adult CSOs most frequently use a ________ setting to commit their sexual abuse.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White
Collar Offenses
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Q1) Which one of the following individuals first used the term "white collar crime?"
A) Peter Letkemann
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Gresham Sykes
D) Marvin Wolfgang
Q2) Which of the following is not considered a type of larceny/theft in the UCR?
A) Shoplifting
B) Purse snatching
C) Softlifting
D) Bicycle theft
Q3) Official burglary rates have ________ in recent years.
Q4) The burglar who engages in destructive,malicious vandalism during the break-in is referred to as the ________ burglar.
A) riddlesmith
B) dominator
C) antisocial
D) feral threat
Q5) Burglaries are more likely to occur in January and February,after the holidays.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and
Crimes of Intimidation
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Q1) The primary motive for juvenile arsons appears to be
A) parental revenge.
B) crime concealment.
C) financial gain.
D) vandalism.
E) fame.
Q2) The backgrounds of persistent firesetters reveal that they were often
A) the target of punishment where fire was used as the painful stimulus.
B) from families with alcoholic parents.
C) sexually abused.
D) the youngest child in a family of at least four children.
Q3) Refusal by hostages to do what captors expect during a hostage situation is called
A) Stockholm syndrome.
B) Markov syndrome.
C) Paris syndrome.
D) London syndrome.
Q4) Most bank robberies are carried out by a single offender.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Q1) The early onset of drug and alcohol use is an important ________ factor for predicting future substance abuse.
Q2) Summarize and discuss the six main conclusions researchers have reached in recent years regarding the relationship between drugs and crime.
Q3) Cocaine is typically classified as a central nervous system
A) hallucinogen.
B) opiate-narcotic.
C) depressant.
D) stimulant.
Q4) Heroin is usually classified as a
A) semi-synthetic narcotic.
B) synthetic narcotic.
C) pseudo-narcotic.
D) polymorphous substance.
Q5) What are the four main categories of drugs discussed in this chapter? List their main effects,and provide one example of a drug from each category.
Q6) Persistent crack users are often ________ users.
Q7) Opiate narcotics generally have ________ and analgesic effects.
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