Criminal Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Criminal Psychology explores the psychological factors that contribute to criminal behavior, examining theories of crime, offender profiling, and the mental processes behind criminal acts. Students will learn about the intersection of psychology and the criminal justice system, including how mental health issues, personality disorders, and environmental influences impact offending. The course covers techniques for assessing risk, understanding motives, and applying psychological principles to investigations, interrogations, and court proceedings, providing insights into rehabilitation and prevention strategies within diverse legal contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Forensic Psychology 3rd Edition by Joanna Pozzulo
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following psychologists would be most interested in the expert testimony provided by Varendonck in 1911?
A) a psychologist interested in the diagnosis of juvenile delinquents
B) a psychologist interested in the effect of pre-trial press coverage
C) a psychologist interested in the problems with hypnotic interviewing
D) a psychologist interested in the accuracy of child eyewitnesses
E) a psychologist interested in factors that influence jury decision making
Answer: D
Q2) According to Eysenck,which of the following would be at risk for criminal behaviour?
A) someone with good conditionability
B) someone with low levels of extraversion and neuroticism
C) someone with high levels of extraversion and neuroticism
D) someone who is easy to socialize
E) someone with low self-control
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Police Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research conducted by McCoy and Aamodt (2010)has compared the divorce rate amongst law enforcement personnel to the divorce rate in the general population.What did they find?
A) The divorce rate amongst law enforcement personnel is higher than the divorce rate in the general population.
B) The divorce rate amongst law enforcement personnel is lower than the divorce rate in the general population.
C) The divorce rate amongst law enforcement personnel is equal to the divorce rate in the general population.
D) Differences in divorce rates between the two groups existed, but only for people over the age of 50.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Q2) State the four main objectives of the resolution conference.
Answer: -Compensate the victim
-Penalize the youth
-Provide support to the youth's family
-Establish a monitoring scheme to ensure the youth complies with the program
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Chapter 3: The Psychology of Police Investigations
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Q1) When questioned by police,John confesses to a burglary that occurred on his street.Later,when his defence attorney is preparing his case for court,John declares the confession he gave to the police was false.This is an example of:
A) a coerced-compliant false confession
B) a coerced-internalized false confession
C) a retracted confession
D) a voluntary false confession
E) a disputed confession
Answer: C
Q2) One of the main issues in the case Brown vs.Mississippi (1936)was:
A) the use of physical coercion to obtain a confession
B) the use of criminal profiling in court
C) the standard for admitting expert testimony
D) the right to plead not guilty by reason of insanity
E) both a and c
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Deception
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Q1) Provide four criticisms of the Comparison Question Test (CQT).
Q2) Which of the following are potential applications of the polygraph in Canada?
A) Polygraph testing is used to screen prospective employees in certain agencies.
B) Polygraph results are used to pressure individuals to confess to a crime.
C) A polygraph test may be administered to the alleged victim of a crime to help determine whether the crime has indeed occurred.
D) A polygraph test may be administered to verify insurance claims.
E) all of the above
Q3) Rogers (1990)describes three explanatory models of malingering.Name and define these three models.Which model is most highly supported?
Q4) Most research on malingering uses a ___________ design.
A) known-groups
B) simulation
C) case study
D) cross-sequential
E) cross-sectional
Q5) Give two explanations for poor performance in deception detection.
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Chapter 5: Eyewitness Testimony
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Q1) What typically happens when the eyewitness is told that the culprit may or may not be present in the lineup?
A) False positive identifications increase.
B) False positive identifications decrease.
C) Correct identifications increase.
D) Correct identifications decrease.
E) These instructions have no impact on identifications.
Q2) Which component is not part of the enhanced cognitive interview?
A) rapport building
B) transfer of control
C) focused retrieval
D) direct questioning
E) witness-compatible questioning
Q3) What is the most common research method for studying eyewitness issues?
A) field study
B) archival research
C) laboratory simulation study
D) recall study
E) recognition study
Q4) State two difficulties with the use of hypnosis in the eyewitness context.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Child Victims and Witnesses
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Q1) As stated in your text,while risk factors for ____________ are varied,risk factors for ____________ tend to revolve around family composition.
A) physical abuse/sexual abuse
B) sexual abuse/physical abuse
C) emotional abuse/physical abuse
D) sexual abuse/emotional abuse
E) neglect/emotional abuse
Q2) According to a 2005 report of child maltreatment cases in Canada,approximately _____ of reported cases were substantiated.
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%
E) 60%
Q3) List four risk factors associated with physical abuse and four risk factors associated with sexual abuse.
Q4) Describe the changes made to the competency inquiry with the enactment of Bill C-2 (2006).
Q5) Name and briefly explain the first five steps of the Step-Wise Interview.
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Chapter 7: Juries: Fact Finders
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Q1) List four proposed reforms for judges' instructions aimed at facilitating juror understanding.
Q2) When probing jurors during a challenge for cause,what are lawyers not allowed to ask prospective jurors about?
A) backgrounds
B) personalities
C) attitudes
D) a and b
E) none of the above
Q3) In the context of jury decision making,distinguish between the terms polarization,leniency bias,and black sheep effect.
Q4) Which of the following is an example of an explanation model of jury decision making?
A) math model
B) story model
C) new-age model
D) structure model
E) hybrid model
Q5) List four functions of a jury.
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Chapter 8: The Role of Mental Illness in Court
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Q1) What are three explanations proposed by Bland et al.(1990)for the high rates of mental illness in offender populations in Canada?
Q2) Historically,the key case that was used in the context of determining the fitness standard was:
A) R. v. Taylor
B) R. v. Prichard
C) R. v. McNaughton
D) R. v. Swain
E) Winko v. British Columbia
Q3) When may the Crown raise the issue of insanity in Canada?
A) prior to the start of a trial
B) after a guilty verdict
C) if expert evidence is available
D) if the defendant exhibits deviant behaviour during the trial
E) never, only the defence may raise the issue
Q4) In the context of a defendant found NCRMD,what are the four main criteria considered by courts and review boards when deciding a disposition?
Explain the term capping and specify the consequence of capping for mentally ill offenders.
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Chapter 9: Sentencing and Parole in Canada
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Q1) According to recent opinion polls,the criminal justice institution in which the Canadian public tends to have most confidence is:
A) the police
B) the federal government
C) the National Parole Board
D) the supreme court
E) the provincial courts
Q2) What is unwarranted sentencing disparity?
List and describe the two major sources of unwarranted sentencing disparity.
Q3) Which of the following is not true concerning results found from public opinion surveys examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole?
A) Canadians believe offenders are treated too harshly.
B) Canadians support alternatives to prison under certain circumstances.
C) Canadians have more confidence in the courts than they do in the police.
D) both a and c
E) both a and b
Q4) Many purposes of sentencing exist,including specific and general deterrence.State four additional purposes of sentencing.
Q5) Define the need principle,risk principle,and responsivity principle.
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Chapter 10: Risk Assessment
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Q1) In predicting violent acts,a ______________ is an incorrect prediction in which a person is predicted to be nonviolent but acts violently.
A) false positive
B) base rate
C) true positive
D) false negative
E) true negative
Q2) Which of the following is not true regarding risk factors associated with future violence?
A) Some risk factors are fixed.
B) Some risk factors cannot be undone.
C) Some risk factors may be resistant to change.
D) Some risk factors may vary across time and be subject to intervention.
E) none of the above
Q3) What was the main issue raised in the Baxstrom and Dixon cases/studies? What are the two key findings to emerge from this research?
Q4) Identify and explain the three main weaknesses of research on the prediction of violence.
Q5) Name and define the two components of the risk assessment process.
Q6) Name four ways in which female offenders differ from male offenders.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Psychopaths
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Q1) Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)share many of the same features.However,APD places more emphasis on:
A) antisocial behaviours
B) emotional deficits
C) gender
D) cognitive skills
E) criminal history
Q2) A diagnosis of psychopathy does fulfill the disease of the mind requirement but it has never fulfilled the second requirement of:
A) knowing the victim
B) not appreciating the nature or quality of the act
C) previously having been committed in a psychiatric institute
D) having spent a night in a psychiatric facility
E) having a diagnosed mood disorder
Q3) Name and describe different study designs used involving twins and siblings when trying to isolate the effect of genes or environment on psychopathic traits.
Q4) Define psychopathy,Antisocial Personality Disorder,and sociopathy and give three examples of differences between these disorders.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding the developmental trajectory of youthful offenders?
A) Early onset of antisocial behaviour is usually more treatable and less persistent than a later onset of antisocial behaviour.
B) Most young offenders begin committing antisocial acts in adolescence rather than childhood.
C) Most children with behavioural problems go on to become adult offenders.
D) Generally, levels of aggression exhibited in childhood and adolescence remain fairly stable with age.
E) all of the above
Q2) Which is an example of an internalizing disorder?
A) depression
B) anxiety
C) obsessions
D) All of the above of examples of an internalizing disorder.
E) None of the above are examples of an internalizing disorder.
Q3) Name the two types of adolescent offenders described by Moffitt.Provide two characteristics associated with each type of adolescent offender.
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Chapter 13: Intimate Partner Violence
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Q1) In the survey by Ewing and Aubrey (1987)examining domestic violence myths,which of the following statements were women more likely to agree with than men?
A) The woman can rely on the police to protect her.
B) Battering is an isolated event.
C) The woman can prevent battering by seeking counselling.
D) The battered woman could simply leave her battering husband.
E) The female victim "bears at least some responsibility".
Q2) Victims of stalking are more likely to experience:
A) depression
B) intense stress
C) sleep problems
D) problems at work
E) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following statements is false concerning domestic violence?
A) Domestic violence is a common problem.
B) Only heterosexual women get battered.
C) Alcohol and/or drugs do not cause people to act aggressively.
D) The most dangerous time for a battered spouse is after separation.
E) none of the above
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sexual Offenders
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Q1) The treatment approach that attempts to reduce recidivism among sex offenders by increasing self-awareness of factors that place them at high risk to reoffend and teaching them how to manage these high-risk situations is called:
A) behavioural reconditioning
B) reinforcement contingency training
C) relapse prevention
D) empathy training
E) No treatment program has attempted to target these factors.
Q2) Holmes and Holmes (1998)proposed a four-fold classification system of serial murderers,with one being a hedonistic serial murderer.What motivates a hedonistic serial murderer?
List the three subtypes of the hedonistic serial murderer and distinguish between them.
Q3) The killing of a wife by her husband is referred to as:
A) mariticide
B) neonaticide
C) infanticide
D) uxoricide
E) familicide
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