Criminal Law
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Criminal Law is a foundational course that examines the principles, doctrines, and structure of criminal liability within the legal system. It explores key topics such as the elements of crimes, defenses to criminal charges, classifications of offenses, and issues of culpability and punishment. Students will learn about various types of crimes including theft, assault, homicide, and white-collar offenses, alongside an analysis of case law and statutory interpretations. The course also addresses the philosophical and social foundations of criminal justice, encouraging critical thinking about the purpose and effectiveness of criminal sanctions in maintaining societal order.
Recommended Textbook
The American System of Criminal Justice 16th Edition by George F. Cole
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17 Chapters
2137 Verified Questions
2137 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some states have eliminated education programs for incarcerated person.What is the reasoning behind this policy? Could it affect crime rates?
Answer: Answers should reflect an understanding of incarcerated person integration into the community and how education can affect that integration.
Q2) Crime and justice are policy issues.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In a democracy,it is easy to maintain public order and protect individual freedom.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Terrorist networks may engage in political crime,organized crime,or transnational crime.What are the justifications for each categorization?
Answer: Answers will vary but students should have an understanding of political crimes,organized crime,and transnational crime.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Victimization and Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classical criminology argues that criminal behavior is irrational.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) You are the advisor to the Mayor of Boston on the issue of crime.You are charged with creating a report on the impact of crime on the all aspects of city life.Be sure to include a discussion of budget,the different ways crime affects those of different classes,races,and genders,and how they reflect trends nationwide.
Answer: Answers will vary,but students should understand the impact on crime on private and public institutions as well as on people of different social and economic backgrounds.
Q3) Murder is most frequently committed by
A)African Americans.
B)white people.
C)men.
D)someone of a different race from the victim.
Answer: D
Q4) A field of criminology that examines the role of the victim is called _______.
Answer: victimology
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Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how law enforcement,courts,and corrections work together to form the criminal justice system.What are the duties of each subsystem.?
Answer: Answers will vary,but students should understand that the police keep the peace,combat crime,prevent crime,and provide social services.The court system is responsible for adjudication,and the correctional system is responsible for punishment.
Q2) If an official acts according to his or her own judgment in the criminal justice system,this is called ____________________.
Answer: discretion
Q3) Layer 2 of the criminal justice wedding cake model consists of violent crimes. A)True B)False
Answer: True
Q4) At the _________,the suspect is brought before a judge and is given formal notice of the charge(s)for which he or she is being held,is advised of his or her rights,and,if approved by the judge,is given a chance to post bail.
Answer: initial appearance
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are the basic laws of a country or state defining the structure of the government and the relationship of citizens to that government.
A)Constitutions
B)Administrative regulations
C)Statutes
D)Common laws
Q2) The Code of Hammurabi is the foundational source of American law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Bill of Rights has been completely incorporated and applied to the states. A)True
B)False
Q4) Protection against _________ means that people cannot be forced to respond to questions whose answers may reveal that they have committed a crime.
Q5) The current chief justice of the U.S.Supreme Court is John Roberts. A)True
B)False
Q6) The act of committing a crime,either by commission or omission,is referred to as
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Chapter 5: Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are the new police commissioner of a large city on the West coast.You have to prioritize how crime is handled in your city.Which function of policing do you think is most likely to help reduce crime? Because change is often difficult to implement,you must provide some examples to support your position.
Q2) Kasey is an FBI agent and has worked in her department for six years.Prior to her tenure with the FBI,she worked for her local city police department for four years.She plans to retire from the FBI within 20 years.Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various capacities while working for the FBI,including roles fighting terrorism and violent crime.Which of the following is not one of Kasey's duties in her role as an FBI agent?
A)Supporting international partners
B)Defending those prosecuted by the government
C)Upgrading technology
D)Executing foreign intelligence operations
Q3) The international criminal police organization is
A)the DEa.
B)the FBI.
C)Interpol.
D)the CIA.
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Chapter 6: Police Officers and Law Enforcement Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) David has worked for a municipal police department for the past 10 years.Because he has seen his fair share of violent crimes on the force,his youthful excitement when he joined the force has faded.Currently he dreads hearing the radio calls for assistance but forces himself to remember that he is keeping his community safe by performing his job.David also suffers from the pressures of a constantly rotating schedule,which forces him to work at nights,on weekends,and on holidays.What type of stress is this?
A)External
B)Organizational
C)Personal
D)Operational
Q2) New communications technology within police departments has tended to fragment decision making.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Police officers rarely feel isolated from the public.
A)True
B)False
Q4) __________ is where the officer learns the subculture of the department.
Q5) The different types of patrol are foot,bicycle,and ____________________ patrol.
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Chapter 7: Policing: Contemporary Issues and Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since September 11,2001,American police have increasingly focused their activities on
Q2) New technology means added funding and training.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is not a mechanism used to control the police?
A)Internal affairs investigators
B)Personal resolutions
C)Standards and accreditation
D)Civil liability lawsuits
Q4) Which model designed to manage off-duty employment of officers permits close control by police supervisors of the off-duty work performed by their officers?
A)Officer contract model
B)Conflict-of-interest model
C)Union brokerage model
D)Department contract model
Q5) ____________________-recognition technology is a technique that examines the interior of the eye and matches its unique characteristics with information in a database.
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Chapter 8: Police and Constitutional Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ means that the officers acted with the honest belief that they were following the proper rules and therefore are not subject to the exclusionary rule.
Q2) When ___________ is in jeopardy,police may question a suspect in custody without providing the Miranda warnings.
Q3) The ____________________ doctrine,established by Hester v.United States in 1924,means that officers may use visible evidence in a yard to conduct a seizure.
Q4) Explain the Miranda warnings and their significance.Are there situations in which they do not apply?
Q5) The exclusionary rule increases the legal protection for criminal defendants.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which is a sense that cannot be used to justify a warrantless search?
A)Touch
B)Sound
C)Sight
D)Intuition
Q7) Police officers must establish ____________________ to obtain a warrant.
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Q8) The stop-and-frisk exception is considered a(n)____________________ search.
Chapter 9: Courts and Pretrial Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Katie has been charged with armed robbery.The judge has set her bail at $250,000.She is currently in jail awaiting a family member to raise her bail.This is Katie's first offense and she claims that she was forced to commit the crime by voices in her head. At what point in the pretrial process was Katie charged?
A)Arrest
B)Booking
C)Arraignment
D)Disposition
Q2) In which role does the judge spend significant amounts of time behind closed doors talking to prosecutors and defense attorneys?
A)Adjudicator
B)Administrator
C)Negotiator
D)Electoral candidate
Q3) Most criminal cases are heard at the state level.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Judges manage their courthouses in their role as __________.
Q5) In a(n)___________ election,judges are openly endorsed by political parties.
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Chapter 10: Prosecution and Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who represents accused and convicted persons in the criminal justice system?
A)The clerk of courts
B)The state's attorney
C)The defense attorney
D)The prosecuting attorney
Q2) The _________ sufficiency model aims for speedy and early disposition of a case.
A)legal
B)trial
C)system
D)justification
Q3) Of the three major methods used in the United States,which would you suggest for providing effective counsel to indigent defendants? Defend your position.
Q4) Criminal sufficiency refers to the presence of the minimum legal elements necessary for prosecution of a case.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Considering the high caseload and low pay,why would anyone become a public defender?
Q6) The legal attorney who represents the accused is called a(n)_________.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Determination of Guilt: Plea Bargaining and Trials
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Sample Questions
Q1) An appeal that results in reversal of the conviction usually means that the case is ________ the lower court for a new trial.
A)reversed in B)remanded to C)overruled in D)upheld in
Q2) What is the official term for an adjournment of a scheduled case until a later date?
A)A delay
B)A continuance
C)A case grouping
D)A suspension
Q3) One of the witnesses in a criminal trial became very ill just as the trial was scheduled to begin.How could the prosecutor delay the trial until the witness has recovered?
A)Invent a delaying tactic
B)Ask the judge for a continuance
C)Demand that justice be served
D)Fail to appear at the beginning of the trial
Q4) How do budget cuts affect prospective jurors?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A report prepared by a probation officer that presents a convicted offender's background and is used by the judge in selecting an appropriate sentence is called a(n)_____.
Q2) From 1975 to 2000,the number of people facing the death penalty in the United States
A)increased.
B)decreased.
C)stayed the same.
D)remained unknown.
Q3) Studies in Pennsylvania show that those at greatest risk of being sentenced are young,male,and black.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Many exonerations are not based on DNA evidence,but rather on the discovery that police and prosecutors had ignored or hidden _____.
Q5) In McCleskey v.Kemp,the U.S.Supreme Court declared that the death penalty was not implemented in a _______discriminatory manner.
Q6) _____ is a sentence that can be served while the offender remains living at home,with few restrictions.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a lawyer for a prisoners' rights organization writing a brief for the Supreme Court,which is planning to revisit Eighth Amendment protections for prisoners.Discuss the history of the major cases that have come before the Court,the logic behind each of them,and why you think they should be reformed or upheld.
Q2) Which penitentiary first used the technique of isolation?
A)Elmira
B)Pennsylvania
C)Cincinnati
D)San Francisco
Q3) ______ is a model of corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community.
Q4) How does the use of segregation affect prisoners,especially during their initial confinements?
Q5) An institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society is called a(n)______.
Q6) Almost one-half of the incarcerated population is comprised of women.
A)True
B)False
Q7) _____ prisons are managed by nongovernmental bodies.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using examples from the text,illustrate the positive attributes associated with probation.
Q2) Morris and Tonry have held that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United States,and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation.Discuss why this is the case.
Q3) The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fines are usually adjusted to account for wealth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called
A)reparation.
B)making amends.
C)forfeiture.
D)restitution.
Q6) A technical violation can result in probation being _________.
Q7) Restitution is repayment by an offender to a _____.
Q8) A return to criminal behavior is called ______ . Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Incarceration and Prison Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can prison programs prevent recidivism? How can the general public be persuaded to support programs that provide access to vocational or higher education for prisoners?
Q2) The process of assigning an inmate to a category specifying the inmate's needs for security,education,and treatment is called ______.
Q3) Prison management refers to keeping,using,and serving inmates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Inmates who spend a lot of time in a library are said to be A)working the system.
B)bottom feeding.
C)gleaning.
D)jailing.
Q5) The factors of total power,rewards and punishments,exchange relationships,and inmate leadership
A)exist only in a few prisons.
B)exist only in state prisons.
C)exist only in federal prisons.
D)make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.
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Chapter 16: Reentry Into the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would not be a step in the evolution of parole?
A)Strict imprisonment
B)Freedom within a limited area
C)Ticket of leave resulting in conditional pardon
D)Full restoration of civil liberties
Q2) ______ release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of post-custody supervision in the community.
Q3) What should the role of parole officers be and why? How might the personality of the client change the relationship between a parole officer and parolee?
Q4) All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In Japan,the justice system focuses solely on the offender and not on the community.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the concept of civil disabilities.List three examples of civil disabilities and why they are used.
Q7) The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is called a(n)_______.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Community-based options include ______,in which juvenile offenders live with families,usually for a short period,and group homes,often privately-run facilities for groups of twelve to twenty juvenile offenders.
Q2) The doctrine of _______ holds that the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect themselves.
Q3) The process of determining whether a juvenile is guilty of a crime is known as ______.
Q4) Crain is a 15-year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.He has never been in trouble before and only participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends,who made fun of him for being "too good." Crain's parents are terrified that his poor decision-making will ruin his future.Crain's truancy violation is an example of a _________ offense.
A)technical
B)juvenile
C)status
D)delinquent
Q5) Juveniles who harass or intimidate other juveniles using cell phones,email,and the Internet are engaging in _____.
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